A study by Cornell University researchers found that MirrorBot, a mirror-equipped robot, can spur conversations and playful exchanges between strangers. The device facilitates eye contact, which is the first step in forming social connections.
A new laser source generates a specific type of light source called a frequency comb in the mid-infrared region, paving the way for miniaturization. The device overcomes engineering challenges to produce bright, stable, and compact frequency combs.
Researchers propose a foundational framework to help multi-agent, connected systems decide what information they can trust before acting. The 'cy-trust' concept assigns a numerical trust value between 0 and 1 to data from other agents based on sensing, context, network behavior, and past experience.
The University of Michigan's new solar particle forecasting technology has been integrated into NASA's Artemis II mission to provide situational awareness of impending harmful radiation released during solar flares and eruptions. The machine-learning model uses satellite images of the sun and corona to forecast solar particle storms up...
Researchers found altered Tregs in children with autism, which may contribute to neuroinflammation and behavioral changes. The findings suggest that increasing Tregs could reduce inflammation and related impacts on conditions linked to maternal immune activation and autism.
The conference combines three events: SIAM Annual Meeting, Applied Math Education, and Life Sciences, focusing on the intersection of math and planetary systems. It provides a platform for interdisciplinary research and collaboration.
Researchers found that frequent fires increased light in the forest understory and reduced fire intensity. Almost twice as many young oak trees survived and resprouted in plots with more frequent fires.
The University of Colorado Anschutz Gates Institute has achieved first-in-U.S. FDA clearance for a novel CAR T-cell therapy targeting aggressive leukemia cells, representing a potential new treatment approach for patients with hard-to-treat disease. The therapy will be evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial starting this summer.
A team of scientists using Curiosity rover images discovered ancient Martian ripple marks, indicating intense sandstorms swept through Gale crater around 3 billion years ago. The findings provide insight into the planet's atmosphere at that time, suggesting conditions were higher and closer to Earth's than they are currently.
Scientists discovered how tumors disable dendritic cell function by decreasing their mitochondrial fitness, leading to weakened immune defenses against cancer. Restoring mitochondrial function in dendritic cells improves antitumor immune responses and enhances immunotherapeutic efficacy.
A medical device company spun out of Northumbria University has developed a non-invasive breath sampling device that can reliably collect saliva-free exhaled breath condensates from the deep lung. The CE-marked and US FDA-registered PBM-Hale platform addresses a long-standing challenge in respiratory medicine, enabling clinicians to di...
Researchers propose a novel MPC-based feature selection scheme to enhance data quality by identifying more important features while ensuring data privacy. The proposed scheme, MPC-Relief, uses a nonlinear function to handle distance calculation in numerical and categorical features, achieving effective feature selection.
A team of researchers, led by Bistra Iordanova and Liang Zhan, are developing multiscale models of brain metabolism to predict cognitive decline and dementia. They will analyze data from brain imaging, blood flow, and neural activity to identify metabolic changes that affect brain function in aging.
The study confirms that the painting's degradation began very early, likely during its drying process, with increased transparency and roughness visible before 1965. Amber-based medium played a key role in the degradation process.
A redesigned endoscope, called CAFE, offers a new way to detect early signs of ovarian cancer by combining high-resolution imaging with gentle cell collection. The device successfully imaged fallopian tube tissue and collected large numbers of epithelial cells, suggesting its potential for earlier disease detection.
FedPD, a personalized federated learning framework based on partial distillation, addresses the challenge of model heterogeneity in real-world applications. By filtering conflicting information and extracting beneficial traits, FedPD optimizes knowledge transfer and improves performance gains.
A University of Kansas engineer is conducting research on outdated manufactured housing wind-safety codes, which have remained unchanged since 1994. The study uses a hurricane simulator to test the structural response and failure points of manufactured homes under varying wind conditions.
Professor Yannis Pitsiladis and Professor Fabio Pigozzi co-edit the 4th edition of Sports Physician Handbook, featuring contributions from world-leading physicians and scientists. The handbook covers key areas of sports medicine, including injury prevention, psychology of recovery, and care for young athletes.
Researchers created a CRISPR-based tool to pinpoint genes the cancer turns off, restoring a key cancer-fighting gene in leukemia. The study found that blocking KDM4 enzymes can regain expression of the tumor-suppressor gene ZBTB7A, reducing leukemia burden while leaving normal blood formation largely unaffected.
Researchers have demonstrated that noninvasive brain stimulation can alter the activity of the hippocampus, a critical deep brain region involved in emotion and memory. Personalizing the stimulation site using a patient's unique brain connectivity pathway increases the neuromodulation effect.
A new study reveals how octopuses use their arms to recognize and mate with each other. The researchers found that the male hectocotylus contains special sensors that detect female sex hormones, allowing the males to locate females without visual cues.
Researchers developed a machine learning model, DefensePredictor, to predict bacterial immune systems. The model identified hundreds of previously unknown immune systems and validated their function in 42 cases.
Fábio Rosa's research has enabled genetic reprogramming of various cancer cell types to activate the immune system and bring about their own destruction. His approach uses tools from gene therapy to generate rare and functionally specialized immune cells that trigger powerful anti-tumor responses.
The report proposes new strategies for digital safety, including AI-powered tools to detect and intervene in harmful situations. Experts also recommend involving children and youths in the design process, particularly schools, to promote agency and well-being.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that sugary drink taxes had no effect on beverage calorie purchases from Taco Bell locations with and without such taxes. The analysis of nearly 7 billion transactions suggests that these policies may not be effective in reducing sugar consumption in fast-food restaurants.
Researchers have developed a technique to image individual atoms at solid-liquid interfaces in a range of non-aqueous solvents, enabling the study of key chemical processes and catalysts. The 'nano-aquarium' method uses graphene windows to contain tiny liquid cells, allowing for atomic-scale imaging and tracking of millions of atoms.
In a breakthrough, researchers have developed a method to assemble conductive polymers within living tissues using natural blood proteins and whole blood as catalysts. This approach enables targeted control of neuronal activity in living mice using near-infrared light.
A male octopus's dual-purpose arm can detect progesterone, a hormone produced by the ovaries, allowing it to locate the oviducts for fertilization. This specialized organ demonstrates how sensory systems can shape reproductive behavior and potentially influence speciation.
A newly discovered fossil site in southwest China reveals that many key animal groups evolved before the start of the Cambrian Period. The study found fossils of ancestors of modern starfish, sea cucumbers, and chordates, pushing back the timeline of complex animal life by at least 4 million years.
Researchers identify 'mitochondrial pearling' as key process for maintaining uniform spacing of nucleoids in mitochondria. Pearling involves a transient transformation that helps redistribute mtDNA clusters, ensuring efficient energy production and preventing disease.
Researchers develop Dynamic Infiltration Rate (DIR) biomarker to quantify tumour growth and predict patient survival. The DIR integrates volumetric growth and mechanical effects on brain tissue, enabling differentiation between aggressive tumours.
A new fossil assemblage in Yunnan, Southwest China has provided insight into the transition between Ediacaran and Cambrian periods. The site contains over 700 specimens, including bilaterian animals with preserved eating and locomotion structures, suggesting early animal diversification.
Researchers at University of Michigan have developed a fast method to measure the effectiveness of plasma-based air disinfection, which can deactivate up to 99.9% of virus particles. The approach harnesses UV fluorescence to track changes in aerosol infectivity in real-time, providing essential information for public health guidelines.
The Global Virus Network meeting highlighted advances in artificial intelligence, antiviral therapeutics, and immunology that could shape future pandemics. Researchers showcased next-generation inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and demonstrated how AI can predict viral evolution.
Researchers analyzed 20 years of fishery survey data to understand how environmental change affects marine ecosystems. The study found a decline in biodiversity, with biomass concentrated in fewer species, mirroring Maine's coastal economy.
Scientists have successfully developed wheat with dramatically reduced levels of asparagine, without affecting yield, using CRISPR genome editing. The study resulted in a significant reduction in free asparagine concentrations, up to 93%, without impacting yield, and lower acrylamide formation in food products.
A study reveals CHKA and EGFR cooperate to activate the MAPK pathway, driving glioma progression. CHKA knockdown suppresses tumor growth, while EGFR overexpression rescues this effect.
Researchers at University of Liège develop mouse model to study Stard7's role in intestinal cancers, revealing protein's dual effects on tumour development. In some cases, Stard7 deficiency reduces tumour growth, while in others it accelerates it.
Researchers create highly conductive ferroelectric charged domain wall in 2D indium selenide material, exhibiting high conductivity and controllability. The discovery may advance the development of neuromorphic devices and reconfigurable electronics.
The American Heart Association and NFL will welcome thousands to train in Hands-Only CPR at the NFL Draft, a lifesaving skill that can double or triple a person's chance of survival. This effort aims to empower fans, families, and communities with a simple yet powerful message: be ready to save a life.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson found that high-dose radiation delivery significantly improves patient outcomes, with a median survival of 28.7 months compared to 11.9 months for chemotherapy alone.
A new methodology, ADeLe, offers precise explanations and predictions regarding AI model performance in unseen tasks. It identifies limits of models' reasoning capacity, allowing errors to be anticipated before deployment.
Researchers reveal that high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) in pancreatic tumor microenvironment protects cells from ferroptosis, a promising target for therapy. The study identifies key biochemical pathways activated by HIF-2 to limit ferroptotic cell death.
Researchers found that Stentor coeruleus uses geometric features to navigate its environment, with a preference for corner spaces. The microorganism changes its shape to interact physically with surfaces, allowing it to locate and settle into protected niches.
The São Paulo School of Advanced Science on Regulatory Governance explores emerging regulatory frontiers in Latin America. The program features speakers from leading international institutions and offers a range of activities, including flash talks, poster presentations, and paper development workshops.
A retrospective study of 40 immunocompromised ICU patients found associations between low CD4+T-cell counts and specific lung pathogens. Patients with severe CD4 depletion had higher proportions of fungal infections, while moderate immunosuppression was linked to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize is awarded annually by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to recognize excellence in scientific research. This year's winners have made significant breakthroughs in various fields, including quantum computing and materials science.
Researchers develop method to model record correlations in synthetic data, preserving global and local distributions. This approach significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art methods, offering high utility and robust privacy protection.
A new software package called CREsted has been developed to analyze and design gene regulatory elements in a systematic and scalable way. The framework turns enhancer modeling from one-off analyses into a reusable workflow, enabling researchers to study enhancer logic across biological systems.
Dr. Cudjoe's research examines the influence of social connection on health and developing interventions to address social isolation in older adults. He is a recipient of several awards, including the National Institute on Aging GEMSSTAR award and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Amos award.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to study how red blood cells deform under stress, shedding light on hemolysis risks in blood pump conditions. The study offers new insights that could lead to safer and more effective blood pump designs.
The oXiris membrane addresses complex sepsis by integrating diffusion, convection, and adsorptive properties to remove inflammatory mediators. Early physiological improvements and potential benefits for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury and severe COVID-19 have been reported in observational studies.
A team of researchers from the IBMCP has discovered a new molecular mechanism that regulates the formation of vascular tissues in plants. Thermospermine acts as a biological switch to control the production of key proteins, influencing water transport and structural support.
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) pose a significant threat to female cancer survivors, with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. New therapies and diagnostic approaches, such as CAR-T and hypomethylating agents, offer hope for improved treatment outcomes and prevention.
The team successfully developed a multifunctional catalyst incorporating palladium and copper complexes on mesoporous silica, enabling the efficient activation of ketones and allyl alcohols. This process accelerates the allylation reaction by up to a factor of 15.5 compared to previous catalysts.
A new framework called CH4Vision uses hyperspectral satellite imagery to estimate methane flux directly, improving accuracy and robustness. The method incorporates plume morphology and machine learning to infer emission rates, increasing reliability of satellite-based quantification.
The Association for Computing Machinery has published its inaugural issue of ACM AI Letters, a premier venue for rapid and timely AI research. The journal aims to bridge the gap between traditional conferences and journals, featuring short, peer-reviewed contributions that accelerate knowledge dissemination across academia and industry.
Researchers found that older adults exhibit higher BOLD variability in cerebellar lobule VIIIb and greater modulation across task conditions. This modulation predicts performance in an age-dependent manner, with increased modulation linked to better performance in older adults.
Researchers identified DMBT1 as a key target of Lentinus edodes-derived β-glucan in inhibiting cervical cancer progression. The compound's anti-cancer activity was shown to be closely correlated with DMBT1 expression levels, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker or therapeutic target.
Researchers developed a new sensor called CAMEO to monitor electrical activity in human cerebral organoids, facilitating research into neurodevelopment and genetic disorders. The device is made of carbon nanotube strands, enabling low-cost and scalable monitoring.