Researchers evaluated staged pressurized oxy-combustion (SPOC) for biomass power generation, finding it outperforms post-combustion capture systems in both standalone and cogeneration configurations. SPOC achieves carbon negativity through efficient heat recovery and reduced pollutant emissions.
A clinical trial of Ceperognastat, a novel O-linked N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitor, found no significant slowing of Alzheimer's disease progression in early symptomatic patients. The study published in JAMA suggests that Ceperognastat may not be effective in treating this stage of the disease.
A meta-analysis of individual participant data found that amyloid PET quantitation using centiloids can accurately diagnose Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that scans in the 11-26 Centiloid range require caution, and a positivity cutoff of around 18 Centiloids is recommended.
A study by Chinese Academy of Sciences researchers identified a conserved molecular cascade that explains how drought and abscisic acid signaling trigger excessive Cd uptake in rice under water-saving regimes. The OsNAC4 transcription factor regulates grain Cd accumulation, and its functional knockout reduces Cd concentrations by 30-50...
The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a central role in pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of immunological diseases. Dysregulation underpins many conditions, making it a crucial target for treatment. Emerging concepts like ubiquitin code editing and spatial immunology hold promise but require experimental validation.
This study found that SNCA genetic variants are associated with MSA, and specific α-synuclein transcript levels are altered in MSA patients. The results suggest the importance of analyzing different SNCA transcript variants for biomarker research and understanding MSA pathology.
A new study reveals persistent barriers in accessing California's coastline for less wealthy and marginalized groups, perpetuating disadvantage. The research emphasizes the importance of diverse perspectives in management and rule-making to ensure the ocean benefits everyone regardless of race, gender, or income level.
Researchers from Kyoto University and ETH Zurich analyzed large earthquake sequences in Japan, finding that b-values are controlled more by mainshock location than time-dependent changes. The study suggests local geological conditions play a key role in shaping earthquake size distributions.
A study led by ISGlobal found an association between higher temperatures early in life and slower growth of the thalamus, a brain region involved in processing information. The researchers suggest that heat exposure during the earliest stages of life may have lasting effects on brain development.
Dr. Lisa Ostrin and Dr. Sayan Ghosh join SUNY Optometry to expand expertise in myopia, ocular development, and age-related macular degeneration. Their research aims to improve patient care, public health, and vision science.
Researchers employed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to investigate oxygen-vacancy migration in amorphous ZrO2 films, revealing its critical role in conductivity and polarization behavior. The study establishes a physical framework for understanding ferroelectric-like phenomena in amorphous oxide materials.
A recent study by Ben-Gurion University found that secondhand smoke directly disrupts children's sleep patterns, causing significant poor sleep quality and increased fragmentation. The research used objective data and biological markers to demonstrate the toxic effects of tobacco smoke on pediatric sleep, independent of airway blockages.
The Association for Molecular Pathology has elected new leaders for several committees, including Genetics, Hematopathology, Infectious Diseases, Informatics, and Solid Tumors. The newly elected leaders will work together to drive the organization's mission forward.
Artificial intelligence is enhancing cancer drug discovery by identifying optimal targets, screening compounds, and designing novel therapies. This technology combines various data types to uncover vulnerabilities in cancer cells, ultimately improving the development of effective treatments.
A new off-axis bright- and dark-field OCT architecture enhances detection robustness by capturing complementary defect information. The system balances high axial resolution with deep penetration, allowing for precise defect localization and improved classification accuracy.
This review highlights metabolic crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells, shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and limiting immunotherapy efficacy. Emerging metabolic intervention strategies aim to overcome therapeutic bottlenecks in skin cancer treatment.
A cohort study suggests a possible association between medically assisted reproduction and an increased risk of hormone-related cancers. However, the estimated difference in expected cancer cases was found to be small, potentially due to unmeasured confounding and detection bias.
A recent study using atom probe tomography reveals that lithium ions accumulate at the grain boundary and surface of copper current collectors after just one charge/discharge cycle. This leads to degradation of the collector and potential impact on battery performance.
Researchers introduce bilayer and multilayer nonlocal flat optics, enabling control of optical modes through interlayer spacing, lateral displacement, and lattice mismatch. This emerging field provides routes to high-Q resonances, slow light, and enhanced nonlinear optical interactions.
Researchers have identified recurrent mutations in the polymerase gene of hepatitis E viruses, which can exist within mixed virus populations through transcomplementation. Early evolution occurs despite low genetic diversity, and changes are observed within a few weeks of infection.
Patients of top-scoring physicians are significantly less likely to receive low-value healthcare services, which cumulatively cost the US healthcare system $100 billion annually. The study found that increased physician knowledge is associated with lower use of tests and interventions providing little benefit to patients.
A University of Auckland scientist has uncovered the fates of chimpanzees who starred in seminal psychological studies. The apes were transported to Europe after the research centre closed down, where they faced harsh conditions, inadequate diet and social upheaval, leading to their premature deaths.
A multidisciplinary consensus updates treatment guidance for prolactinomas, emphasizing early recognition, individualized management strategies, and advanced imaging. The recommendations cover screening, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Microrobots are designed for highly localized biomedical tasks, including targeted drug delivery, minimally invasive diagnosis, and cell- or tissue-level therapeutic intervention. Magnetic actuation is identified as a promising approach due to its ability to penetrate biological tissues and integrate with medical imaging technologies.
A pilot clinical trial assessed ibuprofen's safety and efficacy as an adjunct to standard TB treatment in patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB. Participants showed a reduced inflammatory response, indicating potential benefits for host-directed therapies.
A study found that small coral reef fishes form previously undocumented associations with Christmas tree worms and other tube-dwelling worms on Caribbean coral reefs. This behavior is unclear, with potential benefits to both parties, and warrants further investigation into whether it's mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
A new study from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that low body esteem, problematic social media use, and other factors are linked to addictive-like behavior in women who undergo repeated cosmetic treatments. Nearly 20% of surveyed women met the threshold for moderate-to-severe risk of addictive cosmetic procedure use.
Researchers developed a novel twisted cloverleaf U-tube to improve heat transfer uniformity and efficiency in thermal energy storage systems. The design enhances turbulence kinetic energy, promoting convective heat transfer.
A new study from MUSC suggests that combining flexible testing options and community partnerships can bring populationwide genomic screening to rural and socially vulnerable communities. Over 50,000 adults have completed screening through In Our DNA SC, a program that has reached participants in all 46 South Carolina counties.
A new approach to spinal surgery is gaining traction, with more than 200 surgeries performed under light sedation using local and spinal anaesthesia. This shift aims to reduce risks and speed up recovery for patients, especially the elderly and those with multiple health conditions.
A cohort study in Sweden found that infants without vitamin K prophylaxis at birth have a significantly higher risk of bleeding episodes, including intracranial hemorrhages. The study highlights the importance of intramuscular vitamin K administration to prevent such episodes and the need for continued education on its significance.
Researchers have identified erythrulose, a four-carbon ketose sugar, in the interstellar medium near the Milky Way Galaxy. This detection provides an alternative source of sugars that may have contributed to the emergence of life on Earth.
A new study introduces a flue gas-driven molten-salt heat storage system that enhances operating flexibility in coal-fired power plants, supporting grid stability amid growing renewable energy integration. The system achieved stable transitions between operating states within seconds and showed no significant degradation over one year.
Researchers will address the unstable interface between lithium metal anode and solid electrolyte by engineering ultra-thin films to reduce degradation and resistance. The goal is to improve reliability and stability of solid-state batteries for electric vehicles, enabling faster charging and greater energy storage potential.
Scientists have developed a non-invasive method to predict gene changes causing lung cancer using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This approach can identify specific genetic mutations, such as EGFR, with high accuracy and speed, preserving limited biopsy material for further analysis.
A team of researchers at the University of California San Diego developed a genome-scale reference map detailing how individual genes control human stem cells' functions and identities. This open-access resource enables scientists to build virtual cell models for complex diseases and design patient-specific treatments.
Researchers developed a rapid biosensor for detecting polystyrene nanoparticles, enabling direct detection without labeling or extensive sample preparation. The device can detect particles as small as 50 nm in fresh water and has a low detection limit of 1.3 μg/mL.
Researchers discovered a new epigenetic therapy that remained effective in treatment-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through activating the Hippo pathway, a tumor-suppressing pathway linked to cancer growth and drug resistance. The therapy, NTX-301, consistently reduced leukemia cell survival more effectively than existing hypom...
Dr. V. Narry Kim's groundbreaking research reveals how RNA tail composition controls stability and translation, opening new paths for durable mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. Her discovery establishes novel regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, enabling antiviral intervention.
Researchers discovered a new framework explaining how cells regulate genes, which operates out of thermodynamic equilibrium and costs energy. The 'optimal switching principle' balances random on/off switching with precise average expression patterns, optimizing information flow.
A new study proposes a switching-based pervasive augmented reality framework that integrates location-based AR, deep learning, and context-awareness to improve landmark recognition. The framework significantly enhanced detection accuracy compared with conventional LBAR systems, while demonstrating high user satisfaction.
A research team led by Iowa State University professors is using machine learning and synthetic techniques to discover new magnetic materials with unprecedented properties. The project aims to create ultra-powerful magnets that can improve energy productivity, reduce electricity costs, and enhance American industrial competitiveness.
Researchers have discovered a soft material that overcomes the trade-off between toughness and fatigue-resistance, making it stronger and more durable. The material's unique architecture enables repetitive energy dissipation mechanisms, allowing it to absorb energy without breaking.
A new University of Michigan poll reveals that 31% of people aged 50 and over have never heard of any mental health crisis line, while 69% are unfamiliar with 988. Despite this, most participants expressed willingness to use these services in a mental health emergency, highlighting the need for increased awareness-raising efforts.
Professor Yaghi has made several global research appointments in the US, South Korea, UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and China to establish an interconnected scientific network for discovery science and planetary sustainability. The Yaghi Science Initiative aims to connect fundamental molecular discovery with real-world solutions for cl...
Researchers identified ZFP384 as a key factor in diminishing microglial reparative functions after stroke. By blocking ZFP384, the study found that microglia retained their reparative properties, leading to enhanced remyelination and synaptic plasticity, and improved long-term neurological function.
Researchers developed a photospike-based TRNG that harnesses unpredictable light-induced electrical charges to generate true random numbers. The device passed all 15 randomness tests and remained stable over millions of cycles, making it suitable for image authentication and deepfake detection.
Mouse study uncovers how oxygen-sensing transcription factors regulate muscle physiology, improving glucose tolerance and producing erythropoietin. The findings suggest that selectively targeting each isoform can lead to different physiological outcomes.
A multidecade study found dementia prevalence significantly increased in Mexico, Peru and Puerto Rico from 9.6% to 14.5%, 7.6% to 11.7% and 10.7% to 15.7%, respectively over two decades. Dementia rates remained stable in Cuba and Dominican Republic.
The study reveals a growing dementia burden in Latin America and the Caribbean, contrasting with declining trends in high-income countries. Strengthened surveillance and investment in dementia care infrastructure are needed to address this uneven distribution of disease.
A new study found that simple weekly electronic symptom check-ins with care teams significantly improves the quality of life for individuals undergoing treatment for advanced cancer. The benefits were notable among patient groups that historically faced barriers to care, including Black patients and those with less formal education.
Researchers at Aalto University have demonstrated the first cyclic quantum heat engine inside a superconducting circuit, enabling technologies needed for high-qubit quantum computers. The study provides a solid proof of concept for superconducting heat engines and could reduce the cost and complexity of large-scale quantum computing.
Scientists engineered an enzyme that selectively recognizes and repairs broken RNA, suggesting that molecular tools needed to preserve the RNA-based genetic code could be furnished by RNA alone. This discovery has implications for understanding the origins of life and developing new biotechnology applications.
A new study by researchers at UCL and GOSH found that the infant airway itself ramps up the immune response, causing damage to lungs. The team tested antiviral drugs, finding that RSV604 calmed the overactive immune response, reducing inflammation levels.
Researchers found that anaerobic decolorization of RB5 dye by Clostridium sp. strain T4 increased acute toxicity, despite efficient color removal. The study highlights the importance of integrating subsequent aerobic or oxidative treatment to achieve further detoxification in azo dye-containing wastewater management systems.
A new study reveals that many influential companies make biodiversity pledges but lack transparency and specificity, hindering accountability. Researchers identified keystone corporations across multiple sectors making commitments, but only 13% met the criteria for robustness.
A global consortium has developed three open-source AI tools to synthesize Alzheimer's literature, surface hidden data insights, and provide peer review feedback. The tools are designed for researchers to harness vast amounts of information toward a shared goal.
A secondary imaging analysis found free water was the most responsive cerebrovascular MRI marker to lifestyle intervention, showing attenuated small-vessel disease-related injury. Intensive lifestyle intervention implemented earlier in late life provided greater microvascular benefits.
Peter J. Denning suggests that Turing's stance on artificial general intelligence and the imitation game has led to the AI mess, with a fundamental flaw in understanding tacit knowledge and its representation problem. He argues that machines cannot grasp human emotions, intuitions, or cultural context, making it impossible to achieve h...
A new global report highlights opportunities to strengthen diagnosis, treatment, and education for women and girls with hematological conditions. The report calls for earlier diagnosis, more consistent treatment, and stronger research and education to improve outcomes globally.