Researchers are working to breed Dorper and Rambouillet sheep with improved natural resistance to internal parasites. By collecting fecal egg counts and using estimated breeding values, the team aims to provide producers with genetic selection decisions to make parasite-resistant animals.
A randomized trial found that brain MRI surveillance alone preserves cognitive function without a difference in survival, supporting MRI surveillance as the standard of care for patients with small cell lung cancer. No apparent difference was observed in overall survival and progression-free survival between the groups.
Patients exposed to medetomidine report extreme sedation, severe withdrawal symptoms, and treatment challenges, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and clinical protocols. The study emphasizes the importance of awareness and tailored treatment for patients with opioid use disorder.
Researchers at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center are conducting a clinical trial to examine the potential benefits of pecans on brain health in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The study aims to investigate whether daily consumption of pecans can delay or mitigate mild cognitive symptoms and improve brain health.
A new immunization, nirsevimab, has been shown to provide strong protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants, reducing hospitalizations and ICU admissions by 97% and 79%, respectively. Most infants with RSV infection were otherwise healthy, highlighting the value of a universal approach to RSV prevention.
A Penn State researcher found that Treasury yields influence rates on cryptocurrency lending markets, despite no direct link. Stablecoin borrowing and deposit rates move together with Treasury yields in a systematic way.
The 15th annual Singles in America Survey found that there is renewed interest in committed relationships and marriage, with 45% of respondents saying they would like to get married in the future. Economic insecurity is also influencing relationships, with nearly half of singles feeling more interested in finding someone to share their...
Researchers will develop AI-powered tools to examine cascading wildfire impacts, including flash floods, debris flows, and infrastructure disruptions. The project aims to bolster public safety and community resilience by combining AI, infrastructure modeling, and social science.
Researchers at the University of Connecticut found that people with excessive visceral fat around their organs are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of ultrafine particulate air pollution. Using HEPA filters can help mitigate this risk, especially for those with high waist circumference.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have developed AI cell models, called universal cell embedding and TranscriptFormer, to compare cells among species and gain insights into diseases. These models can identify cell types, evolutionary relationships, and even distinguish between healthy and diseased cells.
The University of Cincinnati is part of a new $18 million Ohio initiative to expand the behavioral health workforce. The Ohio Behavioral Health Scholarship (OBHS) Program offers full tuition coverage to graduate students in high-need clinical fields. Students must commit to working in underserved Ohio communities for the duration of th...
The use of azithromycin for emergency c-sections significantly increased after trial results publication, with a corresponding decrease in postpartum infection rates. Postpartum infection rates declined from 9.2% to 8.0%, a 20% relative risk reduction.
Researchers have discovered a surprising diversity of metabotropic glutamate receptor-beta arrestin interactions, which could help explain why previous drugs targeting these receptors have failed. The studies, led by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators, provide a foundational model for future mechanistic and drug-development work.
Researchers created dye-sensitized nanoparticles that absorb low-energy photons and emit high-energy photons, enabling highly sensitive chemical sensing. The particles can detect target chemicals at very low concentrations, even tiny traces of chemical pollutants in groundwater.
The NY Creates and Micron Technology Joint Apprenticeship program has welcomed its first cohort of 10 apprentices, introducing them to hands-on, advanced R&D training and technical career pathways in the semiconductor industry. Participants will gain expertise in producing new and innovative technologies, shaping the future of technology.
A metabolite called DAHB boosts immune cells against cancer, predicting tumor success and showing promise in small cell lung cancer treatment. Researchers also found that tumor CD19 levels can predict the success of CAR T cell therapy and identified a new targeted drug combination.
A new approach captures mosquito waste to detect viruses and parasites, revealing a hidden world of genetic material. The method identifies a complete West Nile virus genome, a Hedwig-like virus, and potentially new viruses, strengthening mosquito surveillance for emerging health threats.
A new study published in PNAS finds that countries with high resilience can break the link between shocks and food insecurity, despite being more severely affected by disasters. The study highlights the importance of government effectiveness, diverse food systems, and human capabilities in reducing the risks of crises.
A new PNAS special feature examines how segregation shapes environmental risks and benefits in cities, including access to water, safety from floods, and exposure to extreme heat. The authors argue that understanding segregation as a social-ecological system can help break cycles and build more equitable cities.
A recent UCLA study found that social media played a significant role in the surge of auto thefts, particularly of Kia and Hyundai models. The research suggests that even low-skilled thieves can easily steal these vehicles, and that viral videos and traditional media coverage amplified the criminal activity. To protect against theft, c...
Harvard chemists have developed a method to engineer the evolutionary landscape of viruses, pushing them away from high-risk variants and into evolutionary dead ends. The approach, called fitness landscape design, uses antibody combinations to suppress mutations and prevent the emergence of new viral strains.
Cocoa farmers in West Africa face a new climate threat: excessive rainfall. Scientists at Harvard University discovered that predicting extreme rains could help protect harvests. The study found that heavy rain during the wet season and dry season can damage cocoa crops, leading to price volatility and reduced production.
Researchers found that magma fragmentation occurs across different depths, temperatures, and stages of an eruption, revealing a protracted process that covers time and space. This discovery could refine assumptions used in computer models of eruptions and improve predictions of volcanic activity.
Venus, Earth's twin planet, lacks a rocky satellite due to its slow spin and gravity, which causes a moon to collapse and crash into the planet. The discovery sheds light on the planet's evolution and potential habitability.
Researchers develop brain-inspired computing using magnetic skyrmions, exploiting collective transformations to create reliable artificial synapses. The new approach enables multiple information states and improves neural network operations, with potential energy savings of 0.66 picojoules per operation.
Researchers analyzed 40,000 industrial plants and 5,000 U.S. House elections to find that firms in Democratic districts have lower emissions due to increased inspections and enforcement actions. This reallocation had potential financial impacts for firms and public health concerns for local communities.
The Pediatric Prevention Network, led by University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, aims to improve pediatric emergency preparedness and resilience nationwide. The network will develop evidence-based solutions to strengthen preparedness and improve outcomes for children, building on the expertise and experience of UH Rainbow Babies...
A study of 637,000 adolescents found that cannabis use disorder diagnoses began climbing after recreational cannabis was legalized in California in 2016, reversing a steady decline in the three years prior. The researchers say their findings call for disorder-level outcomes to be tracked alongside standard measures of use prevalence an...
A team of palaeontologists has discovered the first Diplodocus fossil outside North America, found in Spain and dating back 150 million years. The fossil, which includes 14 exceptionally preserved caudal vertebrae and chevron bones, confirms that Diplodocus inhabited Europe during the Late Jurassic period.
A 50 × 50 pixel array of specially designed meta-atoms incorporating vanadium dioxide enables dynamic reshaping of terahertz waves. The device employs 2-bit encoding with four programmable states, achieving 27% amplitude conversion efficiency.
Researchers developed a physics-informed neural-field framework to jointly recover nonlinear sample phase and unknown pupil aberrations in quantitative phase imaging. Experiments demonstrated accurate recovery of large phase variations and improved spatial resolution under aberrated conditions.
A new study from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that emotions like anger, hope, and compassion have a limited impact on pro-environmental behavior. The study surveyed over 2,000 individuals in Norway and Poland and found that only a few participants changed their behavior based on the emotional content they read.
A new study finds that unusually warm conditions increase the risk of intimate partner violence, particularly emotional and physical violence, in sub-Saharan Africa. The study highlights the importance of considering violence against women in climate adaptation and development planning.
This article reviews the mutual empowerment of artificial intelligence and metasurfaces, enabling intelligent nanophotonics and optical intelligence. Recent advances in metasurfaces and AI enable the development of ultracompact, ultrafast, and highly intelligent photonic systems.
Researchers discovered FMN1 gene required for hearing in humans and mice, revealing a previously unknown role for formin-1 in maintaining inner ear structure. The study also found a connection between FMN1 and pigmentation through a molecular complex involved in melanosomes, leading to hearing loss and altered skin and hair color.
Researchers developed a silicon metasurface capable of rapidly controlling wide-bandwidth light pulses, overcoming the trade-off between modulation strength and bandwidth in ultrafast optical devices. The metasurface achieves 28% absolute transmission modulation across a 14 nm bandwidth, enabling sub-50-femtosecond laser pulse switching.
A team of researchers used low-temperature STM to investigate image potential states on Bi(111), a material with higher-order topological character. They observed a strikingly unexpected splitting feature, which they propose is related to a monopole-like topological magnetoelectric response.
A team at TU Wien proposes tailoring a photon's pulse shape to increase the success rate of quantum communication. By reversing the photon's wave shape, the researchers aim to improve the absorption probability of qubits, leading to more efficient quantum technologies.
A study found that a bacterial enzyme BvDPP4, produced by gut microbes, weakens a protective intestinal signal GLP-2, aggravating colitis in a preclinical model. Inhibiting BvDPP4 with theaflavin improved colitis symptoms.
A comprehensive review maps the RNA regulatory landscape in plants, detailing the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of diverse plant RNAs. The review highlights the latest research breakthroughs in hot areas such as non-coding RNAs, RNA epigenetic regulation, and RNA chemical modifications.
Researchers developed a hybrid photonic platform that achieves wide two-dimensional field-of-view without sacrificing beam quality. The platform uses a light-routing chip, microscopic reflectors, and a metasurface to steer an optical beam in both horizontal and vertical directions.
Researchers found that peatlands' weight can cause instability, limiting their carbon storage potential. The study suggests that peatlands may only expand to 1.48 times their current volume, not the 1.71 assumed by existing carbon projections.
Rocky Scopelliti argues that AI systems' growing self-awareness and moral dispositions require immediate practical ethical concerns to be addressed. He suggests protocols for AI systems, especially those trained to care, to understand context and make moral judgments.
Finnish researchers have discovered that vatinoxan improves anaesthesia safety in rats by inhibiting exophthalmos and improving tissue oxygenation. This breakthrough could spare millions of animals from adverse effects, resulting in more reliable study results and reduced animal numbers.
A recent study reveals peptide deformylase (PDF) as a novel biomarker for 'cold' Colorectal cancer, correlated with poor prognosis and immune evasion. The study's findings provide a metabolic-immune roadmap for precision immunotherapy, offering a potential target for overcoming immune resistance.
A 5,000-year study reveals how dramatic sea level rise transformed the Northern Adriatic coastline, reshaping landscapes and affecting communities. The research reconstructs the region's evolution, highlighting the impact of coastal flooding on habitats, resources, and the availability of food.
The review compiles 243 flavonoids from Erythrina species, showcasing structural diversity and biological activities. Flavonoids from this genus have been found to exhibit novel and unusual chemistry, with a focus on prenylated and oxygenated compounds.
Researchers found that parents who use speech and hand gestures with their children achieve neural synchrony, where brain waves match their child's. This synchronization helps children learn and solve problems more effectively.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center have discovered the structure of a protein chain that stabilizes caveolae, small invaginations on the cell membrane that protect cells from mechanical stress and allow nutrient uptake. The findings offer new insights into lipid metabolism disorders and related diseases.
Cassyni research talks now carry an Altmetric Attention Score, with talks and seminars measurable and visible in Altmetric badges. This partnership tracks expert attention and discussion, providing a more complete view of research influence.
A 16-week intervention reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.3 mmHg among high-risk workers in Loja, Ecuador. The culturally adapted program showed decreases in body fat and waist circumference, but did not demonstrate significant benefits on diabetes risk or weight loss.
A new AI tool has been developed to predict treatment and survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. The tool consistently outperformed standard clinical biomarkers, achieving high accuracy scores in predicting survival outcomes.
A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and Sandia National Laboratories has developed a simple method for breaking down durable plastics that currently have no practical recycling method. The approach uses less energy and produces less waste than incineration, while allowing for the full recovery of valuable fibers.
Researchers found that lifelong deafness causes the brain to shift processing power, enhancing peripheral vision. This adaptability allows deaf individuals to detect motion and events outside their direct line of sight, providing a distinct advantage in monitoring surroundings for potential danger.
Weill Cornell Medicine and Rutgers Health have received a four-year, $3 million grant to build a research center focused on HIV-associated brain injury. The center will help investigators access shared molecular and computational tools to define the mechanisms of brain injury and identify new therapeutic opportunities.
A Michigan State University team is launching a project to study the underwater fault system where the 1946 tsunami originated, measuring vibrations of tectonic plates in the Alaskan-Aleutian subduction zone. This will help scientists assess whether the region poses a risk today and inform building codes.
Researchers found that exosomes from people with shingles pain caused nerve cells to remain inflamed and transmit pain signals even after the virus clears the body. This discovery opens the door to new approaches for predicting, preventing, and treating post-herpetic neuralgia.
Researchers found that ethinylestradiol increased competition around active nests, causing males to spend more time defending territories and eggs, leading to reduced parental care and population collapse. The hormone changed the social conditions in the lake, having ripple effects on reproduction across the population.
A new study of nine nearby galaxies reveals that actively growing supermassive black holes may contribute to star formation, instead preventing it. The research found star-forming rings or arcs, cone-shaped regions of energized gas, and fast 'shocks' associated with black hole activity.
MIT researchers developed a new technique to help generative AI models meet strict safety requirements without sacrificing output quality. The 'HardFlow' algorithm reformulates hard-constrained sampling as a trajectory-optimization problem, enabling subtle corrections while enforcing hard constraints.