Researchers have successfully demonstrated device-independent quantum key distribution over 100 km optical fibers, marking a significant step towards a quantum-secure internet. The breakthrough achieves provably secure quantum key generation over long distances using entangled atoms linked by high-quality optical fibers.
Rapidly advancing AI systems trained on biological data pose significant biosecurity risks, highlighting the need for flexible governance frameworks. Targeted controls can restrict sensitive pathogen data while allowing most scientific data to remain openly available.
A new systematic review and meta-analysis by Penn Nursing researchers has identified four primary patient-related risk factors that predict chronic opioid use after surgery. These include Medicaid enrollment, preoperative benzodiazepine use, mood disorders, and anxiety. The study's findings provide a roadmap for clinicians to implement...
Tumor-associated neutrophils assume multiple functional states, but one gene expression program supports cancer cell survival and tumor progression across tumor types. A biomarker called CCL3 functionally supports cancer growth by engaging a receptor on the surface of TANs to transmit signals that drive them toward an aged state.
Research finds that reducing wolves improves caribou calf survival in mountainous regions due to the inability of bears and wolverines to catch older calves. In contrast, flatter landscapes with accessible trails see no improvement in survival rates as other predators fill the gap.
A combination of weakened atmospheric removal and increased emissions from warming wetlands, rivers, lakes, and agricultural land led to the surge in methane levels. Climate variability amplified methane emissions across interconnected ecosystems, with key contributions from tropical Africa and Southeast Asia.
Researchers developed a DNA scaffold that ignores the immune system, eliminating off-target antibodies and promoting focused immune responses. The DNA-based vaccines led to 10 times more immune cells targeting vulnerable sites on HIV, outperforming protein-scaffolded vaccines.
Historian Erin Maglaque examines early modern Europe's reproductive unfreedom, including single motherhood, foundling hospitals, and wet nursing. She finds that these systems perpetuated structural violence against poor women and their children.
Researchers found that newborns as young as 2 days old can anticipate rhythmic patterns, indicating an innate ability to recognize rhythm. However, they struggled to predict melodic changes, suggesting that melody may be learned through exposure.
Researchers at MIT and Scripps Research Institute have developed a vaccine that generates a significant population of rare precursor B cells capable of evolving to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. The DNA-VLP approach shows potential for inducing broadly neutralizing antibody responses against influenza as well.
Researchers at ZAQuant University of Stuttgart have discovered a new magnetic state in 2D chromium iodide, which could enable next-generation data storage. The twist in the material creates skyrmions, nanoscale magnetic structures that are stable information carriers.
The FDA's plan to phase out animal testing in drug development has raised concerns among experts about the potential risks of relying on new methodologies. Researchers emphasize the need for rigorous validation and evidence-based approaches to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these alternative methods.
By adjusting the ratio of two elements, researchers can switch exotic quantum states on and off in materials highly desired for quantum computing. The team found that changing the correlations between electrons in the material allows for sensitive control over exotic quantum phases.
A new latent diffusion modeling approach enables efficient and high-quality paraphrase generation, surpassing traditional end-2-end text generation models. The method achieves state-of-the-art results on various datasets while reducing costs, making it a promising solution for diverse paraphrase tasks.
Researchers developed a novel method, self-interference incoherent digital holography (SIDH), to overcome speckle issues and coherence constraints of classical laser-based holography. SIDH enables full-color holography under spatially incoherent illumination, offering a pathway toward robust and practical imaging systems.
A study from Michigan State University found that charter schools lead to similar improvements in attendance and academic outcomes for students with disabilities as those without. After switching to a charter school, students with disabilities saw an increase in resource program participation and a decrease in cognitive programs.
A magnitude 6.9 earthquake on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2018 may have stalled episodes of periodic slow slip along a major fault underlying the volcano, according to scientists. The resulting 'stress shadow' could keep these events from happening again for decades.
Scientists discovered a significant portion of plant diversity on Hispaniola originated from eastern Cuba, tracing back to 1.6 million-year-old bird dispersal events. The findings highlight the importance of birds as primary seed dispersers in this biodiversity hotspot, which faces extensive habitat loss.
A new study shows that blood flow restriction training (BFRT) effectively strengthens muscle health and metabolism in type 2 diabetes, reducing visceral fat and improving mitochondrial function. BFRT is a low-impact alternative to classic strength training with heavy weights, promoting better insulin action and cardiovascular health.
Researchers found that altering how alpha-synuclein interacts with LRRK2 limits its ability to bind to cargo and disrupt axonal transport. This suggests a functional link between the two proteins, which may help understand the triggers of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at King's College London and San Diego State University identified the molecular interactions that give spider silk its exceptional strength and flexibility. The findings provide general design principles for developing high-performance, sustainable fibers.
A new national survey found that nearly three-quarters of clinicians encounter obstacles when starting buprenorphine treatment for patients using fentanyl. Researchers emphasize the need for evidence-based guidelines to initiate buprenorphine in light of more potent drugs.
Ngô Bảo Châu, Fields Medal recipient, joins HKU's Department of Mathematics in June 2026, advancing mathematics and interdisciplinary research. The mathematician's work on the Langlands Programme has far-reaching implications for number theory and representation theory.
The new book, Promise the Earth: A safe planet in good faith, calls for a rethink on how we live, hope, lead, and take responsibility to solve the climate crisis. Authors Professor Julian Allwood and Professor Andrew Davison argue that individual action, especially from comfortable lives, is crucial now.
A new study by HKU and UCLA scientists reveals that Alfvén waves act as an invisible power source, driving charged particles into the atmosphere and producing glowing auroral lights. The research provides a definitive answer to the physics of Earth's aurora and offers a universal model applicable to other planets in our solar system.
This review discusses integrated photonic synapses, neurons, memristors, and neural networks for photonic neuromorphic computing. The authors summarize three foundational device classes and survey multiple IPNN architectures, highlighting critical issues for practical deployment.
Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain analyzes global patterns of image motion caused by eye movements to understand how objects move and where they are located in 3D space. This discovery challenges conventional ideas that image motion produced by eye movements is visual noise to be subtracted off.
Research found hormonal contraceptive use lowers cardiovascular risk in most women, but not those with PTSD. The study analyzed healthcare records of 31,824 women and suggests clinicians consider stress-related psychiatric disorders when discussing hormonal contraceptives.
A research team clarifies the molecular mechanism of Ostα/β, a major basolateral bile acid exporter in enterocytes. The study reveals a unique seven-transmembrane fold and lateral substrate-binding groove that accommodates amphipathic substrates.
A new study from Cornell University suggests that choline, a nutrient often consumed too little during pregnancy, may play an underappreciated role in regulating inflammation. Higher recent dietary choline intake was associated with lower levels of inflammation in the third trimester.
Dr. Catherine Prater's research project aims to improve prediction models and uncover metabolic markers that explain individual differences in weight gain. She will use machine learning techniques to train and test prediction models using existing clinical trial data.
A study by Florida Atlantic University found that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are associated with a 47% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Researchers analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found that those consuming high amounts of UPFs had a significant increase in heart attack and stroke ...
A study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that psychosocial factors like motivation, confidence, and social support are strongly linked to diet quality among rural adults. Participants with higher scores in these areas consumed more fruits, vegetables, and fiber, and fewer ultraprocessed foods.
Intravenous tenecteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after ischemic stroke non–large vessel occlusion improved functional outcomes at 90 days compared to standard care. However, it also increased the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
Researchers created a framework allowing AI agents to dynamically interrupt and stay silent based on assigned personality traits and urgency scores. This human-like flexibility led to higher accuracy on complex tasks compared to standard models.
A study of 225 newborns found that high prenatal oestrogen levels, indicated by long index fingers, are associated with large head circumference and increased brain size in boys. This could provide evidence for the positive influence of prenatal oestrogen on human brain evolution
A novel cardiac activity-based framework enables reliable emotion recognition across individuals, overcoming substantial inter-subject variability. The system employs a photonic sensing system and sample entropy-based signal processing strategy to characterize cardiac signals, resulting in accurate and robust emotion assessment.
A new study investigates the dynamics of a complex fault zone under Seattle, revealing that secondary faults rupture more frequently than previously thought. Researchers hope to refine their understanding of these faults and determine how much hazard they pose to Seattle's four million residents.
A new study reveals that loosely social species, which don't form stable groups, are more vulnerable to extinction due to population declines that limit social interactions. These species can struggle to survive without the benefits of social connections, such as finding food and spotting predators.
Sandia Labs has earned the HIRE Vets Platinum Medallion Award for its commitment to attracting and retaining military veterans. The lab attributes its success to programs such as veteran-specific resources, leadership programming, and dedicated human resources efforts.
A new augmented reality display system has been developed using a non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexing metasurface and freeform optical elements. The system can render clear digital images on three independent focal planes at different distances, providing a realistic three-dimensional visual experience.
Researchers have developed a long, needle-thin brain electrode with channels that enables neural signal recording and precisely targeted medication delivery across different brain regions. The technology has primarily been developed for basic research but may be important for future treatments in epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
A joint study by several institutions analyzed the relationship between climatic conditions, Legionella presence, and Legionnaires' disease cases in Catalonia. The results show that rising temperatures create ideal conditions for Legionella to multiply, increasing disease incidence.
A review synthesizes evidence suggesting short-term simulated microgravity can unload the spine, stimulate GAG production, and activate cellular signals promoting tissue regeneration. This approach targets underlying pathological processes directly and offers a non-invasive strategy for spinal care and sports medicine.
A new research proposes the Deeply Understanding Problems (DUP) method to address semantic misunderstanding errors in LLMs' math problem-solving. The experimental results show that DUP outperforms other counterparts across various reasoning datasets, achieving new SOTA results on GSM8K and SVAMP.
Researchers propose InfoIGL framework to extract invariant graph features, enhancing model generalization ability. The method achieves state-of-the-art performance on out-of-distribution graph classification tasks.
Photodynamic therapy using haemoporphyrin and red light has been shown to effectively inactivate Staphylococcus aureus in plasma bags, extending shelf life and ensuring sterility. The technique offers an alternative to antibiotics, which have become obsolete due to excessive use.
A research team developed a fully real-valued optical chip for generative models, allowing for ultra-low latency and high energy efficiency. The innovation uses real-valued optical encoding and nonlinear activation, achieving an accuracy of 98% on iris classification tasks.
A research team proposes the Bidirectional Chain-of-Thought (BiCoT) framework for zero-shot object navigation, enabling AI agents to reason about navigation paths from both target and agent perspectives. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in success rate and navigation efficiency over previous methods.
Scientists at UNIGE discovered that neutrophils, a type of immune cell, undergo reprogramming to produce chemokine CCL3, promoting cancer growth. This mechanism appears to be a major variable in tumour biology and could serve as an indicator of disease progression.
Researchers at The University of Hong Kong have made a major breakthrough in controlling light with natural magnetic materials. They achieved negative refraction, a phenomenon that defies the law of physics, using a thin layer of CrSBr to bend light backward or in unexpected directions.
A research team proposed GIRL, a Generative Job Recommendation system using large language models and reinforcement learning. The system achieved superior recommendation effectiveness by designing a reward model and introducing a Proximal Policy Optimization-based method.
A machine learning model identified 17 environmental and social factors that contribute to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Mean ambient temperature and higher relative humidity are associated with an increase in OHCA incidents.
The VIP-2 experiment, a highly sensitive test of the Pauli exclusion principle, found no evidence of its violation. The team set the strongest limits yet on possible violations involving electrons in atomic systems, constraining speculative theories beyond the Standard Model.
Researchers developed a new theoretical framework that links individual animal movements to population dynamics across space and time. The range-resident logistic model incorporates interactions between multiple animals, providing a more accurate prediction of population sizes and helping inform real-world conservation recommendations.
Researchers used MRI to compare neurovascular compression in patients with Vestibular Neuritis and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. They found a higher prevalence and severity of compression in RHS patients, suggesting nerve hyperexcitability may contribute to complex symptomatology.
Scientists discovered that water bridges organize PNIPAM's structure as it contracts and expands, with water pulling the strings rather than direct polymer contacts. Long supercomputer simulations followed billions of time steps to analyze the motion of PNIPAM in water.
The expanded partnership strengthens researcher collaboration, increases open access opportunities, and fosters the impact of trusted knowledge. Researchers can discover and access relevant content through ResearchGate's Community Engagement Upgrade, while Taylor & Francis editors use new tools to grow their journals' communities.
A recent cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 experienced worse short-term survival rates compared to those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. The study suggests substantial harms associated with cancer care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that football fans' mean stress level was 41% higher on the day of a major match compared to non-match days. Participants experienced increased heart rates, peaking during the match, and were more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as drinking alcohol.