Researchers identified EFHD1 as a protein driving metabolic liver disease, triggering an antiviral immune response that can be blocked to protect against liver injury. Blocking EFHD1 shows promise in preventing liver damage, even on high-fat diets.
Researchers discovered goniothalamin's strong binding affinities to bacterial proteins agrA and ftsZ, indicating a potential dual-target mechanism. This could lead to a new class of antibacterial agents that reduce virulence and resist resistance.
Researchers developed a wearable heart rate monitoring system and virtual reality simulation to predict swimmer distress in open water. The study showed that a sudden spike in heart rate during the first ten minutes of a swim may be an early warning signal worth acting on immediately.
A cross-sectional study among 364 medical students found that those with mobile gaming addiction experienced significantly more pain in their neck, upper back, elbows, and wrists. Elbow pain was particularly common, with addicted students reporting over four times the risk of experiencing it compared to non-addicted peers.
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit intrinsic organotropism and participate in establishing premetastatic niches, making them promising vehicles for targeted imaging probe delivery. However, current imaging approaches have limitations, including difficulty distinguishing between tumor-derived EVs and normal host cell-derived EVs.
Two studies from SISSA show that cognitive reserve built over a lifetime, together with emotional resources, helps preserve mental abilities in adults over 65. Cognitive reserve improves language performance and working memory, while emotional intelligence influences responses to emotional stimuli.
Harvard researchers have developed a mechanics-based framework to control crumpling on inflatable membranes, enabling the creation of reconfigurable, bistable structures. By locally controlling crumples on the surface, the researchers can tune the stability of the whole structure, giving rise to complex shapes and forms.
AI Horizons, a new Diamond OA journal, is launching to address the growing demand for AI research in engineering and science. The journal aims to foster collaboration across disciplines and publish original research, reviews, and perspectives on hybrid intelligence systems.
A new framework enables AI agents to collaborate at scale, integrating reasoning into communication. The framework has three capabilities: intent interpretation, automated formulation and optimization, and proactive foresight, paving the way for 7G wireless networks with collective intelligence.
UCSB professor Max Wilson's team aims to develop a system that can synthesize DNA or RNA without chemical input, enabling faster and more efficient protein design. The project involves engineering a strain of yeast to produce light-activated polymerase enzymes responsive to specific wavelengths of light.
The study reports the development of four new high-octane gasoline formulations using renewable fuel additives, achieving improved knock resistance, volatility, and combustion-related properties compared to base gasoline. The highest-grade formulation, HyperFuel-102, was developed with high-performance engines and applications in mind.
Researchers have developed a custom liquid chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry device capable of high-temperature, high-pressure combustion to analyze halogenated compounds. The method provides a new tool for source identification and fate analysis, contributing to effective management strategies.
A new AI method called OMPO (Occupancy-Matching Policy Optimization) has been developed to help robots learn from past experiences without being trapped by changing conditions. OMPO uses a combination of historical data and recent interactions to stabilize reinforcement learning and adapt to policy and physical changes.
A new study has found that social jet lag, or the mismatch between weekday and weekend sleep schedules, may contribute to teenage anxiety. The research, published in Sleep Medicine Reviews, found a small but consistent correlation between social jet lag and higher levels of anxiety in teenagers.
Researchers have developed a nondestructive imaging technique to measure single-cell immune metabolism in real patient blood samples, providing a higher level of information than current clinical techniques. This breakthrough could improve disease diagnosis and treatment for conditions like blood cancers, lupus, and sepsis.
A study by the University of Eastern Finland found that walking performance and daily physical activity are strongly associated with quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Lower disability levels and better walking performance were linked to better perceived quality of life.
The European Expectations Center examines how households, firms, and financial market participants form expectations about economic developments, influencing economic behavior. The center provides research resources and datasets to improve forecasts and economic policy decisions.
Researchers from the University of Warwick report that building a digital twin brain is shaped by the resolution, completeness, and updatability of biological measurements. The review charts a path toward dynamic models that update with new data and interact with the biological system. Digital twin brains have potential applications in...
The study develops a new climate prediction method called SFA-based Climate Prediction (SCP) that extracts predictable signals from precipitation data. It demonstrates higher prediction skill than two dynamical models and a hybrid dynamical–statistical system, providing a new approach for regional seasonal precipitation prediction.
Researchers propose targeting the PGAM1-Chk1 interaction to stabilize HIF-2alpha and support senescent cell survival. Preclinical studies suggest the compound Nutlin 3b selectively removes senescent cells with improved safety profiles in aged mice models.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have identified a tumor protein called ADAMTSL4 as a key driver of cancer cachexia, a wasting process that affects muscle and fat tissue. The protein locally activates the TGF-β signaling pathway, triggering a catabolic program that promotes muscle and fat breakdown.
A new high-throughput tool developed by Stanford University scientists can detect small changes in protein levels within cells, enabling faster and more efficient drug discovery. By amplifying these changes, researchers can identify potential therapeutic targets for diseases like cancer, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treatment.
A new atlas of the brain’s striatum has identified 31 subgroups of neurons, including those involved in addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. The atlas may help scientists develop new drugs to combat these conditions, particularly by targeting specific cell populations affected by Huntington’s disease.
A cohort study found that only 30.7% of brain donors with clinician-adjudicated dementia had neurodegenerative death certification. The study suggests factors like worsening cognitive symptoms and functional impairment may be associated with increased likelihood of neurodegenerative death certification.
A study suggests that protein build-up in tumours may affect how well cancer drugs like PROTAC work. PROTACs are more effective at removing proteins that accumulate due to poor breakdown, not just those produced in excess.
A research team has developed a reliable and economical method for studying proteins with sugar molecules attached to them in blood and tissue samples. The method uses commercially available magnetic particles and has the potential to aid in disease diagnosis and treatment.
Scientists introduce a second methyl group into the A-site cation of a perovskite framework, creating a one-dimensional chain structure with enhanced thermal stability. The material's structural flexibility promotes interchain energy dissipation, but reduces impact resistance.
Mara Mather's research focuses on the interplay between brain, body, and emotions, exploring how changes in the autonomic nervous system affect brain health across the lifespan. Her work aims to understand the consequences of physiological changes on brain health and develop interventions to promote emotional well-being.
Researchers developed a post-combustion reaction model for aluminum in thermobaric effects field, revealing the importance of balancing oxidizer-driven early combustion and oxygen-assisted afterburning. The model predicts that controlling this balance is key to understanding thermobaric formulation performance.
Researchers developed protein-coated CuS nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability, pH-responsive behavior, and effective near-infrared-induced killing of breast cancer cells. The protein coating improved biocompatibility and reduced dark toxicity.
Researchers developed a new method for tracking moving targets using single-photon LiDAR, overcoming the motion-induced temporal-averaging bias. The method, P3DTT, exploits spatiotemporal correlations to identify and use photon events, recovering the target's instantaneous 3D position.
This collection features cutting-edge supramolecular hydrogel research, including applications for antibacterial therapy and diabetic wound treatment. Versatile materials are designed for biomedical use, offering potential solutions for various medical conditions.
A new drug patch is being developed to promote the repair of damaged myelin sheaths in multiple sclerosis patients. The patch, which delivers a low dose of theophylline, is being tested in a Phase I clinical trial for its safety and tolerability.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that dopamine signaling in the brain's striatum region enables animals to adapt to threats by shifting their focus towards rewards. After repeated exposure, dopamine activity decreases, allowing attention to shift towards opportunities for learning and reward-seeking behavior.
A new MS therapy uses peptide-coupled red blood cells to redirect the immune response, potentially stopping the disease without suppressing the immune system. The clinical trial shows promising results, with the therapy showing good tolerability and safety.
Researchers have discovered that smaller bee species, such as bumblebees and solitary bees, possess sharper eyesight than previously believed. They can detect objects with higher visual resolution and fine detail than worker honey bees. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that large eyes are the key to sharp vision in bees.
A new programmable silicon photonic neuron enables directional control, addressing a longstanding challenge in photonic neurons. The device can control directionality, feedback and back-action between interconnected components, opening a path toward more adaptable neuromorphic computing systems.
Researchers develop field-calibrated design correlations for large-diameter bored piles in layered ground, improving reliability in shaft resistance prediction. The study evaluates shaft resistance layer by layer, delivering crucial insights for detailed foundation design in soil-rock transition environments.
A large, long-term study of 140 patients with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease found that ANA positivity is common but transient, with minimal risk of progression to lupus or other connective tissue diseases. The study's findings provide reassuring evidence that patients with KFD can be reassured of their excellent prognosis.
A recent study identified three distinct BMI trajectories among people with type 2 diabetes, with stable, increasing, and decreasing trajectories associated with different comorbidities and healthcare service use. Increasing BMI was linked to a clustering of chronic diseases, while weight loss was not always indicative of better health...
A new study highlights biological sex-driven disparities in pneumonia management, including underrepresentation in diagnostic tests and antibiotic underexposure for women. The study advocates for tailoring antimicrobial therapy more precisely and integrating sex- and gender-aware research protocols to reduce inequities.
Researchers found associations between gut microbiome and brain chemistry in specific brain regions, including GABA and glutamate levels. The study suggests a regionally specific picture of the gut-brain axis, with different microbial pathways linked to different brain regions and psychological wellbeing.
The authors propose a spectrum of clinical autonomy, ranging from advisory tools to navigator systems that work with minimal human oversight, to enable early prediction and prevention of disease. However, challenges related to clinical validation, integration, data quality, and regulatory approval limit widespread deployment.
Researchers at Tsinghua University have developed microwave catalytic systems for the conversion of waste plastics into high-value chemicals. The technology achieves efficient and rapid conversion of various types of plastics, including polyesters, polyolefins, and others, with high yields and selectivity. The study highlights the pote...
Researchers have successfully synthesized novel MAX ceramics with V solubility threshold, achieving 35% hardness and 5% toughness gains. The team's findings establish a clear route to property optimization via site-selective solid solution.
A graded recycling framework for real-world waste plastics aims to maximize carbon retention and improve recycling efficiency. The framework organizes mechanical recycling, chemical reconstruction, gasification, and biological upgrading as complementary strategies.
HHMI is launching five new competitions to support scientists across various career stages, including PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and early-career faculty. The competitions will provide significant funding and support to help talented researchers advance their work and pursue ambitious ideas.
Researchers developed a rapid-heating furnace to test oxidation resistance of diboride ceramics at 2300 ℃. The Ti-containing composition exhibited superior oxidation resistance, with a dense outer layer and porous inner layer that buffered thermal stress accumulation.
Researchers at Guizhou University developed a lead-free ceramic material with near-zero strain hysteresis by introducing Sb³⁺ at the B-site and creating high-activity glassy polar nanoregions. The material exhibits a nearly linear strain loop under positive electric fields, demonstrating its potential for actuator applications.
Researchers developed a new screening strategy for low-conductivity rare-earth tantalates to improve thermal-barrier coating design. The new approach, which considers mean sound velocity and unit-cell volume, reveals a composition with lower lattice thermal conductivity at x = 0.8, contrary to the conventional point-defect parameter.
Researchers at the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment have recorded a single particle interaction that is difficult to explain with known background signals from normal matter. This finding, although not yet conclusive, is the most compelling hint of dark matter reported by the experiment to date.
Scientists have developed a novel multiscale ceramic aerogel structure for thermal protection and EMW absorption, exhibiting ultralow density and exceptional thermal insulation. The aerogel demonstrated outstanding thermal shielding and
Children's Hospital Colorado has launched a Sublingual Immunotherapy Program to treat children with 10 common food allergies, including milk, egg, peanut, and sesame. The program involves daily liquid drops under the tongue and may gradually build tolerance and provide greater protection against accidental exposure.
A new viewpoint argues that field ecology's working conditions can heighten vulnerability to harassment, particularly for women of color and LGBTQ+ researchers. The author calls for prevention measures, including clear codes of conduct and team involvement, to ensure research team safety and prevent distortions in knowledge production.
Advances in blood cancer treatment have saved 25.8 million life-years, with significant gains for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. However, Black patients and those with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continue to experience worse outcomes, highlighting the need for continued research investment.
Eric Perreault, a renowned research executive and academic leader, will lead the Morgridge Institute for Research, a biomedical research organization affiliated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The institute focuses on improving human health through cross-disciplinary research and collaborations.
The study aims to improve health and quality of life for people with sickle cell disease by understanding the impact of daily life on the disease. Researchers will measure everyday exposures, including air quality, temperature, food, and stress, to develop tools for clinicians to counsel patients.
Researchers used infrared cameras to create a 3D view of biodiversity in the Congo Basin, revealing which mammals share the forest and how they use that space. The study identified 47 mammal taxa and found that 25% of arboreal mammals preferred the understory, highlighting the value of surveying the lower-mid forest strata.
A four-country study explores the effectiveness of a digital health coaching program in reducing gestational diabetes incidence and improving maternal and child health. The Bump2Baby & Me+ program uses a smartphone coaching platform to support women at risk, with results expected in 2028.
Penn Medicine is conducting a Phase I clinical trial to test the precision form of FLASH proton therapy, a faster and potentially less-toxic radiation therapy for cancer treatment. The trial aims to provide a treatment with minimal toxicity for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer.