A new study from Shanghai offers compelling evidence that a collaborative, classroom-focused teacher development model can substantially improve interaction quality in early childhood settings.
Published in ECNU Review of Education , the research demonstrates that the Kindergarten-based Instructional Research Model for Teacher–Child Interaction (KIRM-TCI) leads to measurable gains in both emotional and instructional support provided by teachers.
The program builds on China's established Kindergarten-based Instructional Research Model (KIRM), which emphasizes school-centered, practice-driven professional learning. KIRM-TCI integrates the research-informed Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) into a recurring cycle of observation, dialogue, and reflection. Teachers participated in a sustained professional learning community, progressing through three iterative phases: reviewing and applying CLASS principles, analyzing and discussing classroom video examples, and implementing new strategies followed by guided reflection.
In a randomized controlled trial involving 51 pre-kindergarten teachers from four public kindergartens in Shanghai, those in the KIRM-TCI program showed statistically significant improvement in classroom interaction quality, especially in the domains of Emotional Support and Instructional Support. These gains were evident across specific teaching behaviors—such as fostering a Positive Climate, demonstrating Teacher Sensitivity, showing Regard for Student Perspectives, managing behavior effectively, providing high-quality Feedback, and using richer Language Modeling—resulting in more positive classroom environments and more responsive instructional dialogue.
By grounding professional development in teachers' own classrooms and positioning them as reflective practitioners, KIRM-TCI effectively bridges research-based theory with contextualized practice. "The model creates a sustained community of practice that moves beyond one-off training," noted the research team. "When teachers engage in collaborative inquiry focused on concrete interaction skills, significant and measurable improvements in teaching quality become achievable."
The study underscores that this approach offers a scalable and sustainable framework for enhancing teacher–child interactions and supporting professional growth in early education settings.
ECNU Review of Education
Randomized controlled/clinical trial
People
How to Improve the Quality of Teacher–Child Interaction? A Teacher-Level Randomized Controlled Trial in Shanghai
30-Apr-2026
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.