Because policies to address pollution are costly to implement and impose social burdens, it is important to understand the full benefits of pollution-reducing programs. An article in Health Economics provides compelling evidence that one such program offered considerable benefits for infant health, especially in vulnerable populations.
Based on an analysis of more than a decade of US birth records, the research shows that the Nitrogen Oxide Budget Trading Program—a cap-and-trade initiative to reduce ozone pollution—significantly improved infant health outcomes, particularly among Black, low-income, and single mothers.
The program was associated with up to a 19.5-gram higher birth weight, a 5.5% decrease in the incidence of low birth weight, and a 13% reduction in very preterm birth.
The author, Nahid Tavassoli, Assistant Professor of Economics at Austin Peay State University, considers the economic significance of the results in light of other environmental exposures and their later-life impacts.
“These findings underscore the life-saving potential of clean air regulations and offer critical insights for shaping future environmental and public health policy,” she said.
URL upon publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hec.70047
Additional Information
NOTE: The information contained in this release is protected by copyright. Please include journal attribution in all coverage. For more information or to obtain a PDF of any study, please contact: Sara Henning-Stout, newsroom@wiley.com .
About the Journal
Health Economics is an international health policy journal publishing articles on all aspects of global health economics. We welcome theoretical contributions, empirical studies, and analyses of health policy from the economic perspective. With a wide scope, Health Economics welcomes contributions on the valuation, determinants and definition of health, health care supply and demand, planning and market mechanisms, treatment micro-economics, and health care system performance.
About Wiley
Wiley is a global leader in authoritative content and research intelligence for the advancement of scientific discovery, innovation, and learning. With more than 200 years at the center of the scholarly ecosystem, Wiley combines trusted publishing heritage with AI-powered platforms to transform how knowledge is discovered, accessed, and applied. From individual researchers and students to Fortune 500 R&D teams, Wiley enables the transformation of scientific breakthroughs into real-world impact. From knowledge to impact—Wiley is redefining what's possible in science and learning. Visit us at Wiley.com and Investors.Wiley.com . Follow us on Facebook , X , LinkedIn and Instagram .
Health Economics
New Beginnings: The NOx Budget Trading Program and Infant Health
5-Nov-2025