Ozone
Articles tagged with Ozone
Reduced air pollution from climate mitigation could boost crop yields and lower hunger risk
Climate mitigation policies may increase hunger risk due to land use competition, but ozone reduction benefits partially offset these effects. Ozone-driven yield gains reduce food prices and increase food availability, particularly in regions with severe hunger.
Connection between wintertime total column ozone over the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau and sea surface temperature over the North Pacific
A study finds that high wintertime total column ozone over the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau triggers changes in North Pacific sea surface temperatures. Higher ozone levels drive eastward-propagating Rossby wave trains, which in turn cause southward ocean currents and lower temperatures in the subtropical central-western North Pacific.
Why ozone persists: the invisible chemistry behind clean air
A comprehensive study shows that OVOCs supply more than half of the radicals responsible for ozone production, challenging conventional control strategies. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive OVOC observations to improve model accuracy and guide emission control priorities.
A study analyses which lung cancer subtypes are associated with different air pollutants
A study analyzing air pollutants' impact on lung cancer reveals that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of all subtypes, while NO2, O3, and SO2 are linked to non-small-cell lung cancer. No associations were found between gaseous pollutants and small-cell carcinoma.
Scientists disclose how upper layer ozone intrusions boost surface ozone and aerosol pollution in China
Scientists discovered a novel method to identify upper-layer ozone intrusion events, which substantially elevate surface ozone levels and intensify atmospheric oxidation capacity. ULOI events accelerate wintertime sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formation in the North China Plain.
Optical properties of plants reflect ozone-induced damage
Researchers developed a non-invasive OCT scanner to measure environmental stress in plants. The device reveals internal structural changes caused by ozone exposure, enabling early detection of deficiencies or stress-induced changes.
How much benefit comes from programs aimed at reducing pollution?
A study analyzing US birth records found that a cap-and-trade initiative to reduce ozone pollution significantly improved infant health outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower rates of low birth weight and very preterm birth.
Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter components and autism risk in childhood
A large cohort study found associations between prenatal fine particulate matter components and postnatal ozone exposure with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. These findings suggest that air pollution may play a role in the etiology of autism, warranting further research.
Spain must significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from road traffic and control industrial emissions to lower tropospheric ozone levels before 2030
Scientific research indicates that Spain must significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from road traffic and control industrial emissions to lower tropospheric ozone levels before 2030. Implementing measures such as maximizing renewable energy use, promoting electrification of transportation, and implementing emission controls for...
Mars’s chilly north polar vortex creates a seasonal ozone layer
A rare glimpse into Mars's north polar vortex has revealed that it produces a seasonal ozone layer. The extreme cold temperatures inside the vortex allow ozone to accumulate, making it essential for understanding Martian atmosphere chemistry. This finding has significant implications for the search for past life on Mars.
How drought and ozone pollution team up to reduce soybean yield
A new study reveals that drought and ozone pollution significantly reduce soybean yield, regardless of drought stress levels. Researchers found that elevated ozone concentrations disrupt photosynthesis and hormone signaling in plants, leading to reduced yield and seed development.
Ozone will warm planet more than first thought
A new study found that future changes in ozone will cause 0.27 watts per square meter of extra warming, making it the second largest contributor to future warming after carbon dioxide. This means countries' efforts to ban CFCs and HCFCs have provided less climate benefit than previously calculated.
How wildfire smoke exacerbates ozone pollution
New research finds that wildfire smoke substantially increases ozone concentrations, even in remote areas with few human emission sources. The study suggests that removing anthropogenic NOx emissions would not eliminate ozone problems, as fires can still produce ozone.
Journal of Environmental Sciences study analyzes impact of ozone pollution on crop yields in China and effects from COVID-19
A study analyzing ozone pollution's impact on crop yields in China reveals significant yield losses of major staple crops, including rice, wheat, and maize. The researchers found that COVID-19 lockdowns led to reduced emissions, but projections suggest a continued risk of 8%–18% yield loss by 2050 without emission control.
PolyU research reveals rising soil nitrous acid emissions driven by climate change and fertilisation accelerate global ozone pollution
Global soil nitrous acid emissions have increased from 1980 to 2016, contributing to a 2.5% annual rise in the global surface ozone mixing ratio. This can lead to overexposure of vegetation to ozone, affecting ecosystem balance and food crop production.
Study: Climate change may make it harder to reduce smog in some regions
A new MIT study reveals that climate change will make it harder to reduce ground-level ozone in certain regions, including eastern North America and Western Europe. In contrast, northeast Asia may see improvements in air quality with decreased nitrogen oxide emissions.
Early-life ozone exposure and asthma and wheeze in children
A cohort study found early-life ozone exposure was associated with increased asthma and wheeze outcomes at ages 4-6, but not at age 8-9. Regulating ozone exposure may help mitigate the significant public health burden of asthma among US children.
Four advances for inactivating infectious viruses, bacteria
Researchers have discovered novel antiviral compounds from Antarctic fungus and developed effective methods to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 virus using UV-C light and ozone gas. Additionally, bleach and ethanol solutions have been found to remove over 99% of mpox virus, while a new class of quaternary phosphonium compounds has been identified...
Ozone exposure linked to hypoxia and arterial stiffness
Researchers found that brief ozone exposure reduces blood oxygen saturation, triggers hypoxia-related biomarkers, and increases arterial stiffness. Ozone pollution is a worldwide health issue, linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Weather pattern as a major contributing factor to complex air pollution
Research finds that weather patterns play a crucial role in triggering complex air pollution in Dongying, China. The study identifies specific synoptic patterns that contribute to the formation of fine particulate matter and ozone pollution, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to mitigate these issues.
Scientists find a human “fingerprint” in the upper troposphere’s increasing ozone
MIT researchers detected a clear signal of human influence on upper tropospheric ozone trends, separate from climate noise. The study provides insights into specific human activities driving this trend.
Climate change will make ozone pollution worse. Here’s how
A new study finds that climate change will increase ozone pollution in the US by 2050, with potentially millions more people exposed to dangerously high levels. The study's findings suggest that current emissions reductions efforts may be less effective in meeting air quality standards.
STRIVE project to study ozone, atmospheric layers among finalists for next-generation NASA satellite
The University of Washington's STRIVE project aims to understand the troposphere and stratosphere, where the ozone layer resides, and their interface. This will help monitor changes in the ozone layer, air quality, and climate processes.
The Clues for Cleaner Water
Researchers at Pitt and Drexel have discovered that electrocatalysts can promote chemical reactions that generate ozone in water through corrosion and solution phase reactions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more efficient and sustainable electrochemical ozone production technologies.
Extreme heat and ozone pollution: A call for targeted control strategies in China
Elevated surface ozone concentrations in China pose a significant threat to human health and crop yields. A study found that extreme heat exacerbates ozone pollution through complex chemical and physical processes, particularly during stagnant weather conditions.
An early warning system for joint heat and ozone extremes in China
A team of researchers from Harvard and Hong Kong Baptist University identified patterns to predict extreme heat and ozone days in China. The model correlated sea surface temperature anomalies with increases in heat waves and ozone about 80% of the time, providing a forecast for the government to prepare resources.
Carpets retain a stubborn grip on pollutants from tobacco smoke
Researchers found that carpets are a stubborn reservoir of thirdhand smoke contaminants, and ozonation is only partially effective at removing them. Replacing carpets may be the best solution to eliminate these pollutants.
Underlying assumptions of air quality need to be redefined
Researchers found that high nitrogen monoxide emissions in cities lead to overestimation of ground-level ozone concentrations by up to 50 percent. The Leighton ratio, used in computer models, is flawed when nitrogen monoxide levels are high.
Scientists develop new method to assess ozone layer recovery
Researchers developed a new Integrated Ozone Depletion metric to measure ozone-destroying substance impacts on the ozone layer. The IOD considers emission strength, atmospheric duration, and ozone destruction, providing a straightforward tool for evaluating ozone layer protection measures.
UCF researcher receives Department of Energy Early Career Award to study elusive chemical compounds
A University of Central Florida researcher has been awarded $800,000 by the US Department of Energy to investigate elusive chemical compounds known as Criegee intermediates. The research aims to develop more efficient low emission fuel architectures and engine technologies to reduce combustion's impact on the environment.
Lesser known ozone layer’s outsized role in planet warming
Research reveals that tropospheric ozone contributes more to the Southern Ocean's warming than previously thought. This finding highlights the importance of reducing air pollution to mitigate ocean heat uptake and climate change.
Ozone may be heating the planet more than we realise
Research reveals that ozone levels in the upper and lower atmosphere are weakening one of Earth's main cooling mechanisms, making it a significant greenhouse gas. The study found that increased ozone in the lower atmosphere caused 60% of the overall ozone-induced warming seen in Southern Ocean waters.
Strong El Niño events could increase near-surface ozone in China
Research reveals strong El Niño events increase near-surface ozone concentrations in southern China due to weakening monsoon winds. Ozone levels also rise in northeastern China during El Niño's developing phase, but not in the 2015/16 event.
What we knew about water was right after all
Researchers at KAUST investigated the formation of hydrogen peroxide in micrometre-sized water droplets and found that ambient ozone is a key player. They used an ultrasensitive fluorescence-based assay to detect H2O2 with improved sensitivity, revealing up to one micromolar levels in microdroplets from commercial ultrasonic humidifiers.
On the tiniest of scales, chemistry isn’t all about “billiard-ball” reactions
Scientists at the University of Missouri study photodissociation reactions on the quantum level, revealing strong quantum effects that challenge classical 'billiard-ball' models. The research could lead to a better understanding of atmospheric chemistry and develop new theoretical frameworks.
Scientists reveal how landmark CFC ban gave planet fighting chance against global warming
Researchers measuring the impact of the Montreal Protocol found that banning CFCs preserved plant's ability to absorb CO2, preventing a further acceleration of climate change. The study predicts a 2.5°C rise in global temperatures without the ban, exceeding the 1.5°C limit seen as critical for avoiding climate damage.
Indoor ozone chemistry
A study of indoor ozone chemistry in an occupied house found overall low ozone concentrations but multiple VOCs indicating ozone reactions with skin lipids and other surface chemicals. Volatile oxidation products from skin oil persisted for up to 5 days, suggesting a significant contribution of skin lipids to indoor ozone chemistry
Chemists use mass spectrometry tools to determine age of fingerprints
Chemists at Iowa State University have developed a technique to analyze the degradation of unsaturated fatty oils in fingerprints, potentially allowing them to be used as a tool to determine their age. The method uses mass spectrometry imaging and has shown promising results, with individual differences in fingerprint aging detected.
Long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health
A new study by Duke University and the University of York estimates that long-term ozone exposure in Europe, the USA, and China led to 266,000 premature mortalities in 2015. The research uses observed air quality data instead of chemical transport models, finding smaller human-health impacts compared to prior modeling results.
Temple researcher attempting to create cyclic ozone using ultrafast lasers
Researchers at Temple University's Center for Advanced Photonics Research are working on developing cyclic ozone, a molecule with three times the energy of normal ozone, which could play a crucial role in powering future space missions. The team plans to use ultrafast lasers to synthesize the molecule using an evolutionary search strat...
Scripps scientists link ozone to atherosclerosis
Researchers detected 'atheronals', toxic compounds triggered by ozone in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a potential diagnostic marker for late-stage arterial inflammation. Ozone's role in human biology and its implications on diseases like lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis are also explored.
New Ozone Laundry System Destroys Germs, Cuts Energy Costs
The ozone laundry system uses highly reactive oxygen to clean clothes more quickly and thoroughly with less energy, water, and chemicals. This technology reduces labor, chemical costs by up to 60%, and hot water costs by over 80%, extending linen life.