Embargoed for release until 5:00 p.m. ET on Monday 29 June 2026
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Below please find summaries of new articles that will be published in the next issue of Annals of Internal Medicine . The summaries are not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. This information is under strict embargo and by taking it into possession, media representatives are committing to the terms of the embargo not only on their own behalf, but also on behalf of the organization they represent.
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1. Same day administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines not associated with increase in adverse events
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-26-00217
Summary for Patients: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-26-00217-PS
URL goes live when the embargo lifts
A target trial emulation found that same day coadministration of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines was not associated with a higher risk of serious or clinically meaningful adverse events compared with receiving only an influenza vaccine. Across multiple updated COVID-19 vaccine versions, overall safety outcomes were similar. The findings suggest receiving both vaccines at the same visit is safe. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine .
Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis conducted a target trial emulation including data from 2.5 million patients in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care system between 1 September 2022 and 26 August 2025 to evaluate the 90-day risks for adverse events after coadministration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines across the bivalent, XBB-adapted, and KP-adapted COVID-19 vaccination periods. They compared more than 700,000 people who received both vaccines with over 1.8 million who received only the influenza vaccine and examined 46 potential adverse events, grouped by severity. The results showed that same day vaccination of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines did not increase the risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic events, neurological disorders, immune-mediated disorders, and other outcomes during three updated COVID-19 vaccine formulation periods. The findings support the short-term safety of coadministration in adults and may help inform ongoing vaccine policy discussions.
Media contacts: For an embargoed PDF, please contact Gabby Macrina at gmacrina@acponline.org. To contact corresponding author Ziyad Al-Aly, MD please email zalaly@gmail.com.
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2. Lung cancer screening eligibility models vary in accuracy across racial and ethnic groups
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-03816
A cohort consortium study found that many lung cancer prediction models underestimated risk for certain ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic Black individuals, and were less able to identify future lung cancers for Asian participants. Still, risk-based approaches overall may improve screening efficiency and make it more equitable compared with current guidelines. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine .
Researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and colleagues assessed 16 lung cancer risk models in 641,830 Asian, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White adults aged 50 to 80 years with a history of smoking. They examined how well the models estimated lung cancer cases or deaths and how effectively they distinguished between individuals who would and would not develop disease. The team also evaluated how each model might guide screening decisions, including eligibility, cases detected, and overall efficiency. Although risk-based models generally improved screening efficiency and helped reduce some disparities, they tended to underestimate risk in non-Hispanic Black participants and were less precise for identifying future cases in Asian individuals. All models showed better estimated screening efficiency than the expanded 2021 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria and reduced variation across racial and ethnic groups, but none simultaneously achieved optimal accuracy, fairness, and efficiency, indicating a need for further refinement to better serve diverse populations. It is important to recognize that race and ethnicity are not biological factors but are population level indicators of social factors not explicitly captured in the database used for the study.
Media contacts: For an embargoed PDF, please contact Gabby Macrina at gmacrina@acponline.org. To contact corresponding author Hilary A. Robbins, PhD please email Veronique Terrasse at terrassev@iarc.who.int and Nicholas O'Connor at oconnorn@iarc.who.int.
3. Novel biweekly GLP-1 RA bofanglutide shows strong blood sugar reduction in clinical trial
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-04623
A phase 2b randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of bofanglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes, compared to semaglutide. The results showed treatment with bofanglutide led to meaningful reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). While gastrointestinal side effects were more common with bofanglutide, they were generally mild to moderate. Bofanglutide does not currently have US FDA approval. The study is published in Annals of Internal Medicine .
Researchers funded by Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals randomly assigned 272 adults with type 2 diabetes across 37 sites in China to receive bofanglutide titrated to targets of 12, 18, or 24 mg biweekly (once every 2 weeks), bofanglutide titrated to 24 mg once-weekly, or semaglutide titrated to 1 mg once-weekly. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c level from baseline to week 24. After 24 weeks, all bofanglutide dosage groups saw meaningful reductions in blood sugar, weight loss, and improvements in various cardiometabolic risk factors, and in some cases the reductions were slightly greater than those seen with semaglutide. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent with bofanglutide but were mostly mild. The findings suggest bofanglutide may be an effective option for lowering blood sugar, and the 12 mg and 18 mg biweekly target doses will receive further evaluation in ongoing phase 3 confirmatory trials.
Media contacts: For an embargoed PDF, please contact Gabby Macrina at gmacrina@acponline.org. To contact corresponding authors Ming Liu, MD and Wei Chen, PhD please email Tiantian Yang at media@ganlee.com.
Also in this issue:
Reporting Interest-Holder Engagement in Practice Guidelines: The RIGHT-MuSE Checklist
Xuan Yu, PhD, et al.
Research and Reporting Methods
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-05329
Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Inform Regulatory, Clinical, and Coverage Decisions Related to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1–Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop
David Arterburn, MD, MPH, et al.
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-25-05468
Methodological Approaches to Real-World Evidence Generation for Glucagon-like Peptide-1–Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop
Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, et al.
Abstract: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-26-00202
Annals of Internal Medicine
News article
People
Adverse Events After Same-Day COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Versus Influenza Vaccination Alone: A Target Trial Emulation
30-Jun-2026