A new therapy using chemically enhanced suppressor tRNAs and lung-targeted delivery restores CFTR protein production and function in models of cystic fibrosis. The approach overcomes challenges of inefficient readthrough and immunogenicity, offering a promising treatment for the genetic disorder.
A 1,000-year record from Galápagos corals shows El Niño is intensifying due to climate change, with ENSO variability 37% higher than during the preindustrial era. This increase in El Niño events poses growing risks to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human societies.
The AI-powered labs use robotics, high-throughput experiments, AI, and automated analysis to accelerate discovery. However, these systems also require safety measures, transparent decision-making, and standardized data to prevent concentration among a few institutions.
Researchers found that capillary endothelial cells are major building blocks of new coronary collaterals, which are essential for cardiac repair. A VEGF-driven molecular pathway promotes the conversion of capillaries into collateral arteries, offering a potential strategy for enhancing de novo collateral formation and cardiac repair.
The EU Battery Regulation establishes detailed requirements for tracking life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions, material circularity, and responsible sourcing. Researchers propose a phased approach to improve transparency and credibility, while addressing challenges of region-specific measurement and verification rules.
A study of 2,344 Chinese counties found that stronger solar expansion policies are associated with significant declines in bird diversity, largely due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The expansion of renewable energy can help combat climate change, but it may also create environmental trade-offs that must be carefully considered.
A new study analyzing fossilized shark scales found that Pacific reefs naturally supported far more sharks than Caribbean reefs thousands of years ago. The research suggests that differences in ocean productivity have shaped shark populations over time, with Pacific reefs appearing more resilient to human impacts.
Researchers used a mouse model of artificial hibernation to examine the structural mechanisms underlying memory retention. They found that even after hippocampal activity dropped by 70% and more than half of synapses were eliminated, animals retained memories and recovered their original neural organization upon waking.
Prolonged greenhouse warming during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum caused rapid forest thinning, reshaped plant communities, and reduced vegetation carbon storage. Modern forests may lose capacity to store carbon, accelerating climate change.
High-energy particle collision experiments using Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider confirm the baryon junction model over traditional three-quark picture. The study finds that baryon number is transported by gluon field rather than quarks alone, shedding light on proton's identity and matter organization in the Universe.
Early humans likely consumed substantial amounts of carbohydrates, including natural sugars from fruits and honey, to fuel brain growth and development. The new review challenges the dominant idea that meat was the primary driver of brain evolution.
New study finds replacing functioning gasoline vehicles with EVs reduces lifetime greenhouse gas emissions. Even a relatively new vehicle's scrappage and replacement with an EV can deliver substantial climate benefits.
A team of researchers has successfully designed complete, functional bacteriophage genomes using AI, which could enable the creation of more durable phage-based therapies. The study also highlights important biosafety and biosecurity concerns that must be addressed to prevent potential harm.
A new study reveals that snail mucus's mechanical properties are fine-tuned by collagen and calcium for different tasks. The research found that collagen VI is the primary structural component, while differences in collagen content and amorphous calcium carbonate determine unique properties.
A new computational approach, TRACE, reveals a more complex picture of human evolution by detecting ancient hominin ancestry in modern humans. The approach recovers known Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry while uncovering previously unknown episodes of interbreeding with archaic human groups.
Analysis of Chilean mummies reveals the earliest known strain of ancient smallpox from the Americas, linking the disease to European colonization. The findings offer genetic evidence that smallpox was introduced to the New World through European contact.
Mexico served as a long-term evolutionary hub where North American species adapted and diversified for millions of years before migrating to South America during the Great American Biotic Interchange. The findings suggest that prolonged diversification in Mexico contributed to the eventual prevalence of North American mammals in South ...
Researchers discover that a two-gene supergene and gravity work together to create butterfly lily's unique left- and right-handed flowers. This coordinated arrangement promotes pollen transfer between opposite handedness flowers, maintaining the species' reproductive characteristics.
A modeling study reconstructs ancient language history, estimating tens of thousands of languages existed 1,000-3,000 years ago. The 'golden age' of linguistic diversity was followed by an exceptionally rapid collapse over the past two millennia.
Analysis of over 116,000 bird songs reveals eight fundamental acoustic motifs that underlie the diversity of passerine birdsong. Local environments play a significant role in shaping how birds communicate globally.
New research reveals that tiny fly larvae have evolved specialized air sacs that allow them to survive in deep freshwater environments without collapsing under pressure. These adaptations enable precise movement and breathing through their skin, contradicting long-held assumptions about insect physiology.
A global analysis has found that invasive alien species have a greater impact on biodiversity in the Global South due to weak governance and economic factors. Stronger governance is associated with lower IAS impacts, suggesting improved management can reduce invasion damage.
Researchers use AI models to design synthetic RNA-guided nucleases with novel properties, outperforming natural enzymes in multiple cell types. The study reveals new structures and interactions of AI-designed proteins, demonstrating their potential for genetic engineering applications.
A new study reveals two recurring dental designs in mammals, optimizing for either cutting or crushing performance. The tradeoff between these abilities has shaped the evolution of carnassial teeth, influencing dietary adaptability.
A new study reconstructs the geographic origins and early-life movements of Africans liberated from slave ships on St. Helena, providing valuable insights into the transatlantic slave trade. The research found that these individuals originated from a wide geographic area, including modern-day Angola and Zimbabwe.
The rapid drying of the Aral Sea has released over 200 teragrams of carbon into the atmosphere, shifting the region's land-use carbon balance from a net sink to a significant source. Restoration efforts could help halt continued carbon loss and generate financial incentives for reflooding the lake.
A team of researchers, led by Sergey Stavisky, has developed an AI-based speech neuroprosthesis that can translate brain signals into speech with high fidelity. The device has enabled a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to generate fluent sentences and sustain full-time employment.
Researchers developed a flapping-wing robot that can fly through the air and swim underwater, studying how birds adapt to life in two radically different environments. The study found that smaller wings increase underwater speed but do not improve swimming efficiency, suggesting reduced wing size enhances maneuverability.
A new AI system, Biomni, autonomously performs research tasks, matching expert accuracy while requiring less time. The tool enables researchers to redirect efforts toward creative hypothesis generation and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
The Andean leaf-eared mouse, the world's highest-dwelling mammal, has evolved unique metabolic and genetic adaptations to thrive in extreme environments. These adaptations enable it to generate heat, regulate blood vessels, and detoxify poisonous plants, allowing it to survive at high elevations with low oxygen levels.
A new statistical tool, KPT, analyzes existing datasets to determine when personalized interventions outperform universal approaches. The approach consistently demonstrated broad applicability and outperformed previous methods across four datasets.
Researchers identified a new pathway linking lung tumor genetics, diet, and the nervous system that drives cancer-associated cachexia. A high-fat diet exacerbated the condition by reducing appetite and physical activity, while blocking prostaglandin E2 synthesis restored appetite and improved survival.
A new study suggests that slow uplift of the continent played a critical role in forming Antarctica's vast East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The research, published in Science, proposes that geological and climatic events that began over 120 million years ago led to rapid ice-sheet expansion.
The US research enterprise has been shaped by government, universities, and industry partnerships since WWII, fueling technological progress and economic growth. Key to its success were investments in education and basic research, as outlined by Johns Hopkins President Ronald Daniels.
Research reveals microbiota's influence on virus transmission, either promoting or suppressing it depending on its location in the cycle. Microbiota from hosts and vectors can affect mosquito attraction to infected hosts and viral infection within mosquitoes.
Researchers have identified a potential pathway for the coordinated cell death of harmful algae, driven by iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. This process not only kills individual algal cells but also releases active lipid peroxides that kill off neighboring cells, leading to the rapid collapse of an entire bloom.
Researchers used an egg shuffle experiment to study the pied flycatcher's non-breeding areas. The results show that both genetic inheritance and hatching environment play a role in determining these areas.
A recent study analyzing Late Cretaceous fossils found diverse fruit and seed morphologies in flowering plants, challenging the traditional timeline for their reproductive evolution. The discovery expands our understanding of forest ecology and plant-animal interactions during angiosperm evolutionary history.
Asteroid Donaldjohanson's surface features suggest it is part of the Erigone family, with crater density consistent with its 155 million-year age. Seismic shaking after a recent impact may have erased smaller craters, while thermal radiation could have driven its slow tumbling rotation.
Researchers used camera traps to study the impact of war on wildlife in Ukraine, finding reduced mammal activity during nights and conflicts, confirming political instability harms wildlife beyond humans.
The scientific computing community must integrate AI with simulation and focus on energy-efficient methods due to increasing design constraints. The authors propose a suite of workflow-shaped benchmarks and a 'moonshot' to build a new foundation benefiting both fields.
A new fossil study suggests early tetrapods did not exhibit gradual metamorphosis with aquatic larval stages. Instead, growth from hatchling to adult proceeded through a direct development model, where acceleration of limb development was crucial for completing the transition to land.
The Science journal has issued an Editorial Expression of Concern regarding a 2024 Research Article on using dialogues with AI to reduce conspiracy beliefs. The authors reported inconsistencies in their analysis pipeline and dataset, which affected the reproducibility of their results.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism behind the Venus flytrap's snap action: a one-second softening of its outer epidermal cell walls. This dynamic tuning of material properties could inspire bio-inspired movement in soft robotics and smart materials.
A new study found that socioeconomic factors, including increased stress and reduced sleep, are strongly associated with changes in brain structure and function in children. The research suggests that early support for families is needed to address these effects.
Researchers find that low-severity fires, such as prescribed burns, can significantly reduce the probability of very high severity wildfires for a decade. This reduction in smoke particulate pollution leads to cumulative benefits of up to 10% over a decade.
Bumble bees have demonstrated spontaneous problem-solving by positioning a ball under a fake flower to reach a reward. The study shows that they can adapt to challenges without explicit training or trial-and-error decision-making.
A recent study analyzing data from five nationally representative US-based surveys found that remote workers experienced substantial increases in time spent alone and worsened mental well-being. Workers in jobs amenable to remote work also saw increased use of mental health services and prescriptions.
Randomized controlled trials on ultraprocessed foods have found weak support for an independent effect of ultraprocessing on body weight regulation and cardiometabolic function. The authors recommend policy guidance focus on nutritionally poor foods rather than processing level.
Research reveals a post-2015 increase in wildfire emissions has halted steady decreases in surface ozone trends in North America, leading to premature mortality and public health concerns. The study attributes an additional 318 deaths per year to wildfire-sourced ozone emissions, highlighting the need for stricter air quality standards.