Researchers have discovered disturbing climate trends near Earth's surface, highlighting the impact of aerosols on cloud formation and human health. The study, led by Kimberly Prather and Vicki Grassian, aims to improve our understanding of aerosol chemistry and its effects on the environment.
Researchers have identified compounds found on human skin that impede mosquitoes' ability to detect their victims, providing a promising new approach to preventing mosquito bites. These substances, including lactic acid and 1-methylpiperzine, are already used in various medicines and products.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway's asphalt pavement recipe has potential to improve the smoothness, durability, and safety of roads for ordinary speeds. The surface's stiffness and ability to resist tire deflections also play a crucial role in determining fuel economy.
Prostratin and bryostatin show promise as effective treatments for HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, and resistant cancer. Prostratin flushes out HIV from its cellular sanctuaries, while analogs of bryostatin are up to 1,000-fold more potent in doing so.
The American Chemical Society is hosting a symposium on the health benefits of polyphenols in plant-based foods, including dark chocolate, coffee, and nuts. Researchers will present their findings on the antioxidant properties of polyphenols and their potential role in reducing cardiovascular disease and certain forms of cancer.
The American Chemical Society has inducted scientists from DuPont, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer, and Vertex into its Heroes of Chemistry program. These innovators have developed groundbreaking products that protect the global food supply, treat HIV-1 infection, and provide personalized medicine for lung cancer and cystic fibrosis patients.
Scientists developed a solar steam technology that sterilizes medical and dental instruments, disinfects human waste, and purifies dirty water. The device uses sunlight to generate steam, eliminating the need for electricity or fuel.
Advances in agricultural technology have led to the removal of 1.5 billion pounds of unhealthy saturated and trans fats from North American diets since 2006. Scientists are working to meet the increasing demand for protein-rich foods while addressing challenges such as climate change, soil erosion, and evolving pests and diseases.
Experts warn of spreading herbicide-resistant weed species, including Palmer amaranth pigweed, threatening farmers' crop yields. New herbicides with alternative modes of action and residual activity are being developed to help manage resistant weeds.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in developing better tests for liver toxicity, which could lead to safer medicines and more drugs reaching patients. The new tests can detect liver damage without causing permanent harm, allowing patients to continue taking medications.
The use of continuous processing in the pharmaceutical industry is gaining momentum, reducing costs and increasing efficiency. By adopting this approach, companies like Eli Lilly and Company are experiencing faster production times and greater flexibility to meet demand.
A study by the University of Cincinnati found that hookah tobacco and smoke contain lower levels of four toxic metals: arsenic, lead, cadmium, and chromium. However, differences in smoking habits and shisha preparation make it difficult to compare hookah and cigarette smoking.
The Procter & Gamble's Children's Safe Drinking Water program has provided over 6 billion quarts of clean drinking water to families in developing countries, saving an estimated 32,000 lives. The small water-purification sachets, the size of a fast-food ketchup packet, have been distributed in 71 countries.
Several Nobel laureates will present research on organic synthesis, including Ei-ichi Negishi's work on palladium-catalyzed cross couplings and Richard Schrock's development of the metathesis method. George A. Olah's research on carbocations and Roald Hoffmann's theories on chemical reactivity will also be presented.
A new test uses a plastic bottle with an 'artificial nose' to detect eight common disease-causing bacteria, producing results in 24 hours. This faster method reduces the toll of sepsis in developing countries and medically underserved areas.
Researchers have discovered a new generation of natural food colorings derived from purple sweet potatoes, which offer superior properties to traditional synthetic colors. These antioxidants-rich substances may also have health benefits, making them an attractive alternative for the food and beverage industry.
A new approach uses carbohydrates to detect flu viruses and determine specific strains, potentially leading to faster and more effective treatment. This technology could provide a much-needed home test for diagnosing influenza quickly before antiviral drugs are lost.
Researchers aim to turn CO2 from fossil fuels back into a renewable energy source by capturing and processing the gas with catalysts. A symposium at the American Chemical Society meeting features studies on the activation of CO2 for catalytic transformation.
Researchers have discovered a protein called KLF15 that regulates the heart's electrical activity and is linked to circadian rhythms. Lower levels of KLF15 are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in the morning hours.
Scientists have developed a new form of aspirin that could extend its benefits to people who don't respond to the drug, addressing 'aspirin resistance'. The new aspirin form is linked to a carrier protein that delivers aspirin directly to damaged blood vessels, releasing it and stopping clot-formation.
A comprehensive review of food waste in China reveals that approximately 19% of grain produced goes to waste, with related losses of water and farmland productivity. This translates to an estimated 177 billion cubic yards of wasted water and 64 million acres of unused cropland.
Researchers have developed a nanobiocomposite material by combining the natural properties of Morpho butterfly wings with carbon nanotubes, showing promise for wearable electronic devices and sustainable energy applications. The new hybrid material exhibits high electrical conductivity and self-cleaning capabilities.
Researchers have successfully produced hydrogen from water using high-grade charcoal and other forms of carbon, paving the way for an alternative, cost-effective method. This breakthrough could potentially replace traditional methods that rely on expensive catalysts or electric current.
Researchers have created a novel method to desalinate wastewater from oil and gas production, producing up to 90% pure water. The 'ice that burns' technique uses chunks of ice retrieved from deep below the sea to remove salt and other impurities.
A study finds that almost 80% of soot pollution in East Asia comes from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal briquettes used in home cookstoves and automobile exhaust. The research identifies these sources as major contributors to air pollution responsible for 500,000 premature deaths annually in China.
The US Pharmacopeial Convention has introduced new limits on 15 elemental impurities and procedures for measuring levels, updating tests used to ensure safe products. The changes require drug companies to install multiple systems at multiple sites, potentially increasing costs.
International experts propose alternative testing strategies to replace animal-based tests for nanomaterials. Rapid cellular screening and computer modeling can gather certain information about the health and environmental effects of engineered nanomaterials.
Researchers have identified unique chemical markers that can distinguish authentic Kopi Luwak from adulterated or fake versions. The development marks the first scientific method to authenticate the world's most expensive coffee.
Scientists have developed a reliable method for verifying the authenticity of rare stamps using infrared spectroscopy, which detected two counterfeits. The new technique allows for non-destructive testing and can be applied to various stamp components, providing a more comprehensive approach.
A new study found that watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline relieves post-exercise muscle soreness. The natural juice also showed potential benefits, although L-citrulline was more bioavailable.
Energy cane and other energy crops have the potential to yield up to 5 times more ethanol per acre than corn, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional sources. However, their viability is threatened by the abundance of cheap shale gas, which could make it difficult for biobased feedstocks to compete.
Researchers have developed a new method to produce artificial ball lightning in the lab, revealing its structure and behavior for the first time. The study provides crucial insights into this mysterious phenomenon, which occurs only once in every million lightning bolts.
Scientists discover a new method to convert waste cooking oil and lard into olefins, a key ingredient in making plastics. This breakthrough could reduce reliance on petroleum-based plastics and promote more sustainable alternatives.
A biodegradable plastic, dissolvable suture material has shown promise in reducing hospital stays for patients with brain infections. The material released vancomycin, a powerful antibiotic that killed many microbes, including MRSA.
The new alliances are helping to soften the impact of funding cuts and providing industry partners with access to fundamental research. This collaboration is leading to the introduction of new college courses in areas like green chemistry, benefiting cash-strapped academic labs and preparing students for success in industry workplaces.
Scientists have made significant strides in harnessing the properties of resilin, a natural protein that enables insects to flap their wings and jump. Resilin has been modified for use in diagnostics, engineered to act like human cartilage, and developed into hybrid materials for cardiovascular applications.
Scientists have made progress in developing a device to produce highly pure ethylene from ethanol with high efficiency and low cost. The fluidized bed reactor shows great significance for promoting economic development.
Scientists found that methane bubbles out of water behind small dams, increasing global freshwater emissions by up to 7%. The study reveals that dam construction can significantly impact the environment.
Scientists have discovered that a pressure-driven infection mechanism used by the herpes simplex virus 1 causes it to inject its genetic material into human cells. This technique could be targeted for future treatments to defeat HSV-1 and other viruses, potentially limiting drug resistance.
Researchers discovered that ancient artists and craftsmen developed sophisticated thin-film coating techniques, including using mercury as a glue, to apply uniform films of gold and silver. These techniques have not been surpassed in quality since ancient times, making them invaluable for preserving priceless artifacts.
A new skin-worn metabolite biosensor accurately measures lactate levels in sweat during exercise, offering promise for diverse sport and biomedical applications. Future research will correlate sweat lactate levels with fitness, performance, and blood lactate levels.
Scientists have developed a new technology that can convert CO2 into electricity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing over 1,570 billion kilowatts of additional power annually. The method uses CO2 from power plant smokestacks and other sources, eliminating the need for additional fuel to produce electricity.
Scientists have discovered oligosaccharides in breast milk that confer protection by feeding beneficial intestinal bacteria, crowding out harmful E. coli strains. This research aims to develop probiotics to prevent life-threatening intestinal diseases in premature babies.
Researchers have developed two compounds that show promise as safer alternatives to acetaminophen, reducing the risk of liver damage. The new substances have a similar architecture to acetaminophen but are non-toxic to liver cells grown in the laboratory.
A study published in Chemical Research in Toxicology reveals that cigarette smoke affects key genes protecting the heart and lungs, leading to increased risk of heart disease in obese smokers. Cigarette smoke exposure also amplifies this effect in non-smoking obese individuals who inhale second-hand smoke.
A scientist uses genetic analysis and 3D printing to create facial sculptures of anonymous strangers from their DNA collected from public places. The project raises questions about the limits of personal privacy in the digital age.
Researchers have identified a group of compounds that work against human rhinovirus, Coxsackie virus, poliovirus, and enterovirus-71, blocking the ability of these viruses to multiply. These broad-spectrum antiviral drugs hold promise for treating infections like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A study of over 3,000 households found that only 21 percent accounted for 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Large living spaces and long commutes were key factors contributing to a disproportionately large environmental footprint.
A new study has found that crabgrass produces chemicals that inhibit the growth of nearby staple crops like wheat, corn, and soybeans. The research, published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, suggests that crabgrass is not just a nuisance but also a significant cause of crop loss on farms.
Scientists have confirmed a new variety of canary seeds as gluten-free and ideal for people with celiac disease. The 'hairless' seeds lack tiny hairs that made them inedible for humans, providing more protein and nutrients than other common cereals.