Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used 3D modeling to understand nutrient exchange in the human placenta, a process critical for fetal growth. The study found that terminal villi geometry determines solute exchange capacity between mother and fetus.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to standardize the results of a ballistocardiogram, allowing for tracking of health changes and potential early detection of cardiovascular diseases. The model can capture information on elasticity of arteries, contractility of heart ventricles, and viscoelasticity of blood vessels.
A mathematical model shows that sacrificing a few offspring can lead to increased total offspring survival, especially in overcrowded environments. This suggests that filial cannibalism and offspring abandonment might be considered forms of parental care.
Researchers at Virginia Tech use drones and AI to complement human searchers, analyzing historical data from over 50,000 lost person scenarios. The system aims to provide large-scale data for better decision-making, addressing niche problems in the search process.
Researchers create model to predict faecal bacteria spread in summer, highlighting hydrological connectivity's crucial role. The model captures actual distribution of bacteria but needs adaptation for winter months due to temperature and soil conditions.
A new study by Iowa State University researchers suggests that requiring landlords to disclose recent bedbug infestations can lead to a reduction in infestations and lower costs for both landlords and tenants. This policy can create long-term savings for landlords and make life better for people affected by these pests.
A mathematical model estimates chlamydia's R0 value, indicating the disease's potential spread. The multi-group SIR model with age structure yields an R0 estimate between 1.0148 and 1.0535 for Japan's outbreak.
A new mathematical model describes how ion adsorption affects biological membranes' electrical properties at different pH levels. The model reveals that calcium ions have a greater ability to adsorb than barium ions, with hydroxide-containing ions being more readily absorbed.
Researchers have successfully constructed a three-dimensional human epidermis based on predictions made by their mathematical model of epidermal homeostasis. The epidermal equivalent exhibits excellent barrier functionality and thickness, providing a promising new tool for basic research and drug development.
Researchers from Osaka University develop a mathematical model based on frog choruses to design efficient wireless sensor networks. The study finds that frogs' acoustic teachings can be adapted for technological benefit by alternating data transmission and regulating energy consumption.
Researchers at the University of Illinois gained control over soft-molecule synthesis, enabling them to probe how shape, size, and composition influence function in soft materials. This breakthrough could lead to advances in virology, drug delivery development, and new material creation.
Researchers at Newcastle University have developed a way to model disease progression and predict the tipping point of a disease. The models provide early warning indicators that an epidemic is imminent and action needs to be taken.
A new mathematical model developed by NYU Tandon researchers takes into account the influence of bursty social interactions on disease spread. The model's discovery could improve predictive models and provide a more nuanced understanding of how diseases spread in globally connected populations.
A new mathematical model, inspired by age-dependent population models, analyzes urban burglary patterns and identifies key factors influencing repeat victimization. The model takes into account a burglar's age and a house's susceptibility to robbery based on its age, providing a flexible framework for prevention strategies.
Research reveals genes that benefit one sex but harm the other can lead to poorer health in women after menopause. Genes that improve late-life male fitness accumulate even if they harm female fitness.
Researchers developed a mathematical model showing that two types of cellular asymmetry govern the shaping of cells into sheets and tubes. Altering one polarity can simulate diverse shapes, with initial cell arrangement and external boundaries influencing outcomes.
A mathematical model revealed that spotted hyenas take over a decade to recover from the CDV epidemic due to their slow reproduction rate. The study emphasizes the importance of age and social status in disease spread, with high-ranking females playing a crucial role in population recovery.
A study based on 27 years of data from Mana Pools National Park suggests that temperature increases have caused significant declines in local tsetse fly populations. This could lead to reduced transmission of trypanosome pathogens causing sleeping sickness, but may also make other areas more suitable for the flies.
UCSB researchers propose a new method for estimating the number of people in a room based on WiFi signal strength measurements. The technique, which uses received signal power to estimate occupant numbers, has shown high accuracy in experiments with up to 20 people and various wall properties.
Researchers created a model of hybrid system with two unreliable servers, finding that heterogeneity improves data transmission speed and reliability. The new reliability measurement is introduced as the distribution function of failures within a given operation period.
Researchers found that ant colonies with as few as six individuals experienced significant benefits from group living, including better-surviving babies and faster growth. The study suggests that increases in group size alone can create benefits for small colonies, challenging the idea that strong groups require strong leaders.
Researchers developed a systematic approach to spot stevia blends with outstanding taste performance, revealing glycoside mixes that deliver superior taste and significant sugar reduction. The study used extensive sensory studies and mathematical modeling techniques to identify synergistic blends that outperform pure glycosides.
The project aims to develop a new software system for spectral analysis of complex astrophysical objects. The team plans to use this software to model various objects such as single stars and double star systems with relativistic sources of hard radiation.
Scientists from Lobachevsky University have created a new algorithm to solve a series of global optimization problems, ensuring uniform convergence and efficient parallel processing. The research aimed to develop an approach that would accurately estimate solutions for all problems in the series simultaneously.
Researchers developed a robust model for general causality that identifies multiple causal connections without time-sequence data. The Multivariate Additive Noise Model (MANM) works on simulated real-world datasets, offering opportunities to analyze complex phenomena in areas like economics and disease outbreaks.
The University of Surrey has created a mathematical model that more accurately details how hepatitis C (HCV) infection develops and behaves. This new model could lead to improved treatment for the infection affecting 215,000 people in the UK.
The NSF-Simons Center for Mathematical and Statistical Analysis of Biology at Harvard University will focus on three fundamental questions: molecular networks, sophisticated structures, and organisms' adaptability. The center aims to integrate mathematical, statistical, and engineering approaches with biology.
A new model simulates the metabolic effects of exercise on an individual level, accounting for factors such as age, weight, and exercise type. This allows for better understanding of how exercise prevents diseases and improves health outcomes.
A new mathematical model explains how small organisms like mantis shrimp and trap-jaw ants generate their powerful strikes with spring-loaded parts. This knowledge could help design more efficient robots, but it's unclear how these mechanisms work together for optimal performance.
A new study reveals that the regeneration of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) in the fly eye is not as straightforward as previously thought. The researchers found that PIP2 cycle may be an 'open cycle' where breakdown products are siphoned away to other biochemical pathways.
A new study reveals that washing your hands is the most effective way to stop norovirus from spreading. The research model shows that person-to-person contact is the primary mode of transmission, making hand hygiene the key to prevention.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to explain how smartphones create 'portable funhouse mirrors' that alter facial features. Nasal distortion in selfies is found to be approximately 30% wider and 7% wider than standard portrait distances.
Researchers have discovered that Bayesian model selection tends to produce very high posterior probabilities for estimated evolutionary trees even if they are clearly wrong. This phenomenon is attributed to the non-nested nature of some models, which can lead to polarized behavior.
Undergraduate researchers from Yale-NUS College found that two mathematical models describing magnetoresistance are equivalent, providing a unified framework for understanding the phenomenon. The discovery has implications for future research and practical applications in electronic devices.
Scientists have identified a key role for protein MIRO1 in attaching peroxisomes to molecular motors, enabling movement and membrane dynamics in human cells. This discovery has provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms determining peroxisome number and shape.
Researchers design a mathematical model that predicts how mobility affects disease spread, finding that daily mobility reduces epidemics in large cities. The model suggests that recurring mobility helps even out population density, reducing the occurrence of epidemics.
The High-Performance Distributed Systems Lab at Kazan Federal University is developing mathematical models to unite various processes in oil reservoirs. These models aim to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) processes.
A mathematical model reveals that adding a pendulum between the container and carrying hand reduces sloshing by diminishing resonant frequency. The study shows that this design significantly reduces liquid movement, minimizing spills and burns.
A recent study by Hokkaido University found that the global risk of Madagascar's pneumonic plague epidemic is limited, with an estimated risk of less than 0.1 person per country between August and October. The basic reproduction number was calculated at 1.73, and case fatality risk was 5.5 percent.
Researchers from CNRS and INSA Strasbourg propose a new mechanism to explain lower-than-predicted vibrations near tracks as train speed increases. They show that a large part of energy is trapped in the heterogeneous ballast layer, leading to accelerated degradation.
Qiang Du, a leading applied mathematician at Columbia University, has been elected an AAAS Fellow for his distinguished work in applied and computational mathematics. His research focuses on theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and mathematical modeling of various applications.
Researchers developed a biomechanical model to estimate the critical crowd size at which pedestrian bridge wobbling begins, allowing for the design of safer bridges. The model takes into account nonlinear effects associated with pedestrian behavior and bridge interaction.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz found that chromosomes are likely entangled, suggesting they may be knotted. The team used mathematical algorithms to examine 3D polymer models of chromosomes and extended the models to determine if they contain knots.
A recent study by Philipp Mitteroecker and colleagues used the cliff edge model to predict that women born by Caesarean are more likely to develop FPD in their own childbirth, with a 2.8 times higher risk compared to women born vaginally.
Researchers used a mathematical model to determine how cone cells in zebrafish arrange themselves into specific patterns. Small defects in the patterns lead to only one of two possible arrangements, emerging from differences in adhesion force between cells.
Researchers develop mathematical model that uncovers link between OCD beliefs and actions. People with OCD develop accurate sense of how things work but disregard it when making decisions, leading to second-guessing themselves.
A new project aims to investigate the effects of the forcing technique on mathematics and philosophy, promising a revolutionary paradigm shift. The funding of about 900,000 euros will support Carolin Antos' research for five years.
Researchers are developing a new class of biological therapeutics that can coevolve with viruses, potentially eliminating or blunting resistance. By leveraging natural phenomena like defective interference, they aim to create therapeutic interfering particles that can reduce disease severity and transmission.
A mathematical model of embodied consciousness predicts states of consciousness and behavior, analyzing free energy and projective geometry. The model, developed by an international team of experts, has potential industrial applications in robotics, AI, and healthcare.
Two undergraduate students from the University of Illinois improved plant carbon-cycle models by discovering variation in stomata behavior among different tree species. Their findings reduced error rates by 30-60%, increasing model accuracy and improving predictions of crop growth, biomass production, and ecosystem dynamics.
Researchers discovered that fish can modulate fin stiffness by applying a u-shaped curvature at the base of their fins, altering force generation on the water. This allows them to swim with varying speeds and maneuverability in different currents. The study's findings could inspire the design of more agile robotic swimmers.
The Math Alliance has been awarded the Mathematics Programs that Make a Difference Award by the American Mathematical Society for its work promoting diversity and inclusion in mathematics. The organization's programs have successfully addressed underrepresentation of minority groups, with a 30-fold expansion over the last decade.
A mathematical model shows that injections of peptide CK2.3 can increase bone formation and decrease bone degradation, potentially treating osteoporosis. The researchers used a combination of biological and mathematical models to calculate ideal dosages for humans and mice, aiming to develop a promising remedy for the condition.
Research from the University of Surrey and Harvard Medical School found that delaying school start times in the UK won't reduce sleep deprivation in teenagers. Instead, they recommend exposing teens to bright light during the day and turning off lights at night as an effective solution.
A new framework developed by the University of Queensland has improved the accuracy of biodiversity models in ecology, conservation biology, and global change research. The framework assesses species interactions and detects higher-order interactions that were previously overlooked.
USU scientist Sarah Null is developing mathematical models to explore processes and interactions of built and natural water systems. Her research aims to improve aquatic ecosystem representation in water resources models, enabling quantitative analysis of water supply, hydropower, and habitat trade-offs.
Researchers developed a method to compute optimal traffic light settings for urban intersections by applying traffic flow conservation laws on networks. The approach uses partial outer convexification, splitting the problem into two stages: nonlinear dynamic optimization and linear mixed-integer programming.
A mathematical modeling study suggests that female beauty in animals may be driven by factors beyond romantic attraction. In some species, traits like red-tipped claws or feathery fringes on legs help females compete for resources such as social status or protection.
Researchers at Cornell University developed an artificial Ms. Pac-Man player that achieved a laboratory score of 43,720, surpassing the existing high score for computerized play. The player uses a decision-tree approach and demonstrates accuracy in predicting ghost movements with 94.6-percent accuracy.
A new study reveals that hospital antibiotic management strategies, including cycling and mixing, are ineffective in combating antibiotic resistance. The researchers recommend alternative strategies like reactive cycling and individualized treatments to optimize antibiotic use.