Articles tagged with Statistical Probability
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study estimates the intensity and frequency of extreme novel pandemics, finding that large pandemics like COVID-19 are relatively likely due to growing risks. The study suggests that a pandemic similar in scale to COVID-19 is likely within 59 years, highlighting the need for adjusted perceptions of pandemic risks.
A 25-year study found a higher risk of fatal traffic crashes after 4:20 p.m. on April 20 compared to the same time period on other days. The study analyzed data from 1.3 million drivers involved in 882,483 crashes between 1992 and 2016.
The paper investigates differences between minimum and maximum information levels, introducing new theorems and concepts like overall info difference and typical ratios. It also explores inverse problems and applies comprehensive analysis to derive new insights.
Researchers validated a new earthquake forecasting model based on the Amatrice-Norcia sequence, showing improved accuracy compared to existing models. The 'brick-by-brick' approach of the operational earthquake forecasting system may revolutionize seismologists' ability to forecast earthquakes.
Cox was recognized for his 1972 paper on the proportional hazards model, widely used in survival data analysis. The model has been applied to various fields, leading to life-changing breakthroughs and societal impact.
A new study by Dartmouth College researchers finds that bipartisan coalitions are more likely to form in Congress when it becomes more polarized, enabling lawmakers to override presidential vetoes. This occurs as party leaders gain control over procedures and presidents use veto power strategically.
Researchers aim to quantify global warming's influence on extreme climate and weather events, focusing on unprecedented events. Advanced statistical techniques and long-term climate observations are used to analyze the relationship between human influence and extreme event probabilities.
Dr. Tyrone Duncan will receive the W. T. and Idalia Reid Prize for his fundamental contributions to nonlinear filtering, stochastic control, and probability geometry. The prize recognizes his work in differential geometry, probability, stochastic control, and statistics.
Researchers Jack Brimberg and Bill Hurley develop a mathematical model to assess the importance of scoring the first goal in soccer and hockey. Their Poisson distribution-based formula takes into account factors like league position and time remaining, providing a probability of winning for each team.
A recent study by North Carolina State University reveals that banks' Value-at-Risk (VaR) models are not accurately reflecting market fluctuations. This can lead to a lack of sufficient capital reserves, putting banks at risk of exhaustion and financial distress.
The Journal of the Korean Statistical Society will be published by Elsevier starting from 2008, with an international editorial board and increased availability on ScienceDirect. The journal publishes original research articles on statistics and probability theory, as well as innovative applications and current topics.
University of Michigan professor Rodney Ewing argues that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's method for assessing the Yucca Mountain site's safety is flawed due to large uncertainties. He proposes a more comprehensive approach by evaluating independent barriers, such as canisters and rock layers, to ensure the site's long-term safety.
A physicist claims that scientists have underestimated the devastating potential costs of creating killer strangelets at a new US particle accelerator. The probability of such an event is tiny, but Kent argues that the scale of the destruction should be considered in risk assessments.
The article explores the idea that time is an illusion, proposing a timeless universe where all configurations exist simultaneously. This concept is rooted in Einstein's general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, suggesting an eternal, four-dimensional structure called Platonia.
A joint project between Nissan and MIT, the system uses computer and sensor data to monitor driving patterns and predict actions. With accuracy of 95%, it aims to build cars that adapt to individual drivers' needs.
Researchers found that teenagers interpret probability terms differently than adults, with varying ranges within each age group. The study suggests using numeric scales or visual aids to convey risk information effectively and asks for further testing to confirm its findings.
A study by Columbia University statistics professor Andrew Gelman and colleagues found that small-state voters have a higher probability of affecting the outcome of presidential races due to the electoral college system. In close national elections, vote tallies in politically balanced states are more likely to determine the outcome.
Researchers from USGS, UC Berkeley, LLNL, and PG&E are studying the northern segment of the Hayward fault by excavating 10-foot-deep trenches. They will analyze soil layers, pollen, and carbon-14 to establish past earthquake dates and recurrence intervals. The project aims to inform the updated Bay Area Earthquake Probability Report.
Selective hypothesis testing, considering only one possible outcome, contributes to overestimation of probability and increased gambling decisions. Training in abstract reasoning skills may counteract this influence.
Stephen Schneider proposes a 'meta-institution' to evaluate scientific assertions and urges citizens to ask experts for information. He recommends asking three questions: What can happen, what are the odds, and how do you know?, to help navigate complex decisions.