Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a new resource for teaching synthetic biology to kindergartners through high school using an affordable, hands-on kit called BioBitTM. The kit enables experiments that circumvent current barriers in science education and fills a gap in STEM education.
A novel algorithm enables localization of humans and robots in areas with limited or no GPS coverage. The technique uses the gradient of received signal strength to estimate direction of arrival, robustly estimating source location even in obstacle-rich scenes.
Ross Boyce, a clinical instructor at UNC Chapel Hill, receives a Grand Challenges Explorations grant to study vaccination coverage in Uganda. He aims to identify gaps and develop innovative solutions to improve immunization rates, particularly for marginalized communities.
The University of Oklahoma Advanced Radar Research Center is developing a mobile radar testbed to address operational missions and increase public safety outcomes. The all-digital polarimetric phased array system will provide multiple radar modes, including weather monitoring and air traffic surveillance and control.
A new computational approach has been developed to analyze large databases of clinical and splicing information for thousands of tumors. The software detects patterns of similarities between cases and identifies molecular alterations associated with patient survival and resistance to therapy.
Kazunori Sugiyasu, a renowned Japanese chemist, has been awarded the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award for his groundbreaking work on supramolecular polymers. He will collaborate with Professor Frank Würthner at the University of Würzburg to develop artificial chloroplasts that harness light energy to produce fuels.
The new global marine environmental forecasting system will provide accurate predictions of ocean temperature, salinity, velocity, and tidal currents with a horizontal resolution of 10 km. The system's accuracy is expected to reach an advanced international level, enabling clear identification of ocean mesoscale phenomena.
The £1.35 million Future Leaders in Innovation, Enterprise and Research (FLIER) programme will create a network of talented individuals equipped to lead innovation and collaboration across academia, industry, the NHS, and government. The programme aims to develop dynamic future leaders in biomedical and health research.
Developed by City University of Hong Kong, the mini delivery-robot can carry heavy loads and adapt to adverse environments. Its unique design with hundreds of pointed legs reduces friction significantly, enabling efficient movement inside the human body.
A new grant will help Penn State researchers develop a quick-acting foam that seals wounds quickly, stopping bleeding and stabilizing patients until hospital transport. The foam is expected to be bioabsorbable and have an easy-to-use design.
Bioscience engineers at KU Leuven have created a roadmap for producing cellulose gasoline, a second-generation biofuel, by converting plant waste into hydrocarbon chains. The process involves adding cellulose to the petroleum refining process, resulting in a strongly bio-sourced gasoline.
A team of researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology has developed ultrathin, transparent, and conductive hybrid nanomembranes for skin-attachable loudspeakers and microphones. These wearable devices can produce sounds and detect vocal vibrations, opening up potential applications in sound input/output devices.
Researchers created a database of over 500 dragonfly specimens and developed an algorithm to differentiate unique wing shapes. They found similarities in distribution across families and species, proposing a developmental model for pattern formation involving inhibitory signals and random zone emergence.
The research collaboration aims to create human organs-on-chips using miniature devices that mimic specific tissues and organs. These organs-on-chips have the potential to predict drug activity and toxicity more accurately than animal models.
A new method for compressing film plots into short, silent video clips has been developed using facial expression tracking. The research found that audiences prefer clips with a specific sequence of scenes, including a key scene placed towards the end, to increase happiness and watching intention.
A study of nearly 2,000 individuals found that cadmium exposure was associated with increased risk of impaired contrast sensitivity. The findings suggest that common sources of cadmium inhalation, such as cigarette smoke and green leafy vegetables, may contribute to decreased visual acuity.
Researchers developed a flexible, wearable photostimulator that speeds up hair growth in mice, achieving significantly faster hair regrowth and wider regrowth areas compared to untreated or minoxidil-injected mice.
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a new technique to probe individual edge states in novel materials, such as topological insulators and 2D materials. This allows for precise measurement of current-carrying edge states with nanometer resolution.
The American Gastroenterological Association has launched a new initiative to foster opportunities for underrepresented minorities in gastroenterology research and career development. The program aims to provide training, mentoring, and leadership skills to promote diversity in the field.
The RAND Opioid Policy Tools and Information Center (OPTIC) will analyze policies aimed at curbing the nation's opioid epidemic, developing more powerful tools for tackling the crisis. Researchers will create a simulation tool to inform methods for identifying effective policies in specific communities.
A team of researchers has developed a new proactive defense technique called moving target defense (MTD) to protect computer systems from cyberattacks. MTD involves changing the IP address of computers frequently enough to confuse attackers and make it harder for them to exploit vulnerabilities.
Researchers at DGIST developed an artificial synaptic device that simulates the human brain's memory function. The device uses tantalum oxide to mimic synapses and has overcome durability limitations of current devices. It can store multiple values, reducing power consumption by over one-thousandth compared to digital signals.
Researchers analyzed brain responses of people reading real news headlines to forecast popularity among readers. Infrequent news readers were better able to predict article success, suggesting they responded more broadly to content value. The study's findings could inform Army initiatives on communication and messaging.
A study analyzing 538 vaccine candidates found that only about 128 are likely to reach the market, with many critical products lacking. The researchers estimate it would cost $16.3 billion to move current candidates through the pipeline, highlighting the need for increased investment and innovative approaches.
A patent mining method developed by Brazilian scientists uses big data tools to identify technological routes, trends, and partnerships in various knowledge areas. The method has been validated in an analysis of studies on hemophilia, revealing a promising molecule called XTEN that can extend the half-life of recombinant factor VIII.
Researchers developed a new personality test that is both faster to take and more resistant to manipulation. The test uses rapid response measurement (RRM) to collect data in a short period of time, making it difficult for users to game the system. Studies found comparable results with established Big Five testing protocols.
Scientists developed a model to accurately predict the transmission dynamics of various viruses, enabling optimized vaccination programs. The analysis analyzed over 100 enterovirus serotypes and demonstrated patterns in their transmission cycles.
Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University create efficient synthesis of oxo-derivatives of betulin using heterogenic catalysts, eliminating toxic by-products and utilizing environmentally friendly oxidants. The new method reduces catalyst consumption and wastewater, making it a promising direction for green chemistry.
A new study from the University of Sheffield found that areas with a high density of alcohol outlets have higher drink-related hospital admission rates. The places in England with the most pubs, bars, and nightclubs had a 13% higher admission rate for acute conditions caused by alcohol.
A research team led by Professor Su-Il In has developed high-efficiency photocatalysts that can selectively convert carbon dioxide into methane or ethane. The catalysts have shown promising results, with conversion rates higher than conventional reduced titanium dioxide photocatalysts.
A KAIST research team has developed a flexible drug delivery device with controlled release, blurring the path toward theragnosis. The device boasts fewer side effects and uniform therapeutic results compared to oral ingestion, making it suitable for smart contact lenses and brain disease treatments.
A new method evaluates the community effect of HIV interventions, tracing transmission from infected individuals to those newly infected. The research provides a more comprehensive understanding of intervention effectiveness in reducing disease spread.
Next-generation metabolomics may facilitate the discovery of new antidepressants by providing broader coverage and higher resolution than traditional methods. The technique has demonstrated great potential in accelerating pharmaceutical R&D, particularly for natural products like albiflorin, a promising multi-target drug candidate.
The US is experiencing constraints on human capital in software and IT fields, driving multinational firms to establish R&D hubs abroad. This shift is expected to strengthen US-based firms through access to global talent.
Researchers developed a new technique to decode human motor intention from EEG using subliminal sensory stimulation. This method achieved nearly 90% single-trial decoding accuracy across tested subjects, within 96 ms of the stimulation, with zero user training and no additional cognitive load.
The model uses mathematical equations to translate incompatible data streams into a neutral format, enabling comparison and analysis of satellite imagery and social media posts. Researchers tested the model using data from a 2013 flood in Colorado, resolving incompatibility issues and accurately estimating flooding locations.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed proteins that can self-assemble into complex nanostructures, a breakthrough in biomolecular engineering and synthetic biology. The new protein complexes can be designed to produce various chain-like structures on demand, opening up possibilities for innovative applications in biotechnology.
The NYSCF Research Institute has developed a novel bioengineering technique called Segmental Additive Tissue Engineering (SATE), allowing for the creation of large-scale, personalized bone grafts. This technology overcomes limitations of current treatments, such as immune rejection and limited size and shape options.
A new body-to-machine interface for drones has been developed, enabling users to efficiently operate drones without piloting experience. The interface uses upper-body motions to control drones, showing promise for improved drone operation and accessibility.
A new prototype of a robot has been developed by Cornell University researchers to express emotions through changes in its outer surface. The robot's skin features an array of shapes that map to different emotional states, allowing for more effective social interaction.
Researchers found that uncertainty can actually help decision makers by allowing them to prioritize good information and reduce errors. In high-stakes situations like battlefields, this approach could lead to better outcomes.
PharmaMar has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Indonesian Oceanographic Research Center to study Indonesia's marine biodiversity for new antitumor compounds. The collaboration aims to develop cutting-edge technology and address unmet medical needs in cancer research.
A South Korean research team has developed an organic image sensor that captures vivid colors without color filters, increasing R/G/B color selection options. The new-concept image sensor uses a bonding technique between organic semiconductors and transparent electrodes, reducing surface defects and improving reproduction.
Researchers developed a safer component for lithium batteries, improving energy density and reducing safety concerns.
A special collection of papers published in PLOS Genetics explores the genetic basis of human facial formation, revealing advances in understanding facial development, birth defects, and normal facial variation. The research identifies numerous genes contributing to facial malformations and syndromes.
The Sandia National Laboratories' solar tower facility is conducting a year-round test of the thermal response of various materials to intense heat and cooling. Researchers are using this setup to evaluate material durability for the Air Force, with the goal of establishing material response thresholds after exposure.
A longitudinal study found that having a good relationship with a sibling can protect against the negative consequences of witnessing repeated hostility between parents. Siblings who had good bonds were less likely to experience distress and subsequent mental health problems.
A stress-related disorder was associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune disease in a Swedish study involving over 106,000 patients. The study found that individuals with stress-related disorders were more likely to develop conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
A KAIST research team developed a low-cost production technology for thin-film blue flexible vertical micro LEDs, achieving three times higher optical power density and longer device lifetime than lateral micro LEDs. This innovation enables the widespread adoption of micro LEDs in mobile and TV displays.
Researchers analyzed historical hurricane scenarios to model potential grid disruptions and identified clusters of businesses and community resources that could be outfitted with microgrids to improve resilience. Microgrids, also known as resilience nodes, enable enhanced adaptation and response to electric grid disruptions.
Researchers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Texas Tech University demonstrated a 30-percent enhancement in TNT detonation velocity by adding novel aluminum nanoparticles. The AIH-coated nanoparticles showed improved reactivity due to their unique morphological feature, leading to enhanced explosive performance.
The new transmitter uses ultrafast 'frequency hopping' and data encryption to protect signals from being intercepted and jammed. This technology could secure medical devices, wearables, vehicles, and smart household technologies, making the internet of things a more secure place.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model suggests BUP exposure decreases during pregnancy, requiring dose increases to maintain efficacy. After delivery, a reduction in buprenorphine dose is necessary.
Researchers developed an acoustic belt that uses machine learning techniques to identify complex features and patterns of bowel sounds. The preliminary results showed high accuracy in predicting IBS with sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 92%. This new technology may offer a less-invasive way to diagnose the painful condition.
A new study by Iowa State University researchers found that a tax on medical devices significantly reduced R&D investment, sales revenue, and earnings. The tax, part of the Affordable Care Act, affected operating and marketing costs as well, but firms diversified their customer base and increased global market sales to offset the impact.
The collaboration aims to use clinical insights to fine-tune early device testing, focusing on preclinical support, proof of concept studies, de-risking medical device translation, and rapid prototyping. Tufts CTSI and MIT will provide resources and expertise to research teams to efficiently turn device concepts into testable prototypes.
The NIH summit recommends a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer's treatment and prevention, with a focus on developing interventions tailored to an individual's unique risk profile. The recommendations aim to build a collaborative research ecosystem capable of delivering urgently needed cures for people at all stages of the disease.
The PLOS AMR Channel offers access to the latest research, commentaries, blogs, news, and discussions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Key challenges include improving infection prevention, limiting unnecessary antibiotic use, and using existing antibiotics appropriately.
Research suggests that younger toddlers benefit more from interactive digital media than traditional TV and videos. Interactive features help children connect screen experiences to real-world interactions. However, not all types of interactivity are beneficial, and individual differences play a significant role in learning outcomes.
The University of Texas at San Antonio's RISE program will support eight undergraduate and 20 Ph.D. students with research experience, training, and financial support. The five-year grant aims to diversify doctoral programs and increase opportunities for underrepresented students.