Information Processing
Articles tagged with Information Processing
Sustainable carbon additives offer eco-friendly solution to $2.5 trillion global corrosion problem
Researchers are exploring the use of sustainable carbon-based additives to replace toxic coatings and prevent corrosion on modern steel infrastructure. The proposed solutions aim to reduce environmental damage while protecting infrastructure worth over $2.5 trillion annually.
AI model links mental health to type 2 diabetes
A new study uses an AI model to predict type 2 diabetes risk based on behavioral and psychosocial information. The digital twin model found that loneliness, insomnia, and poor mental health substantially raise a person's future risk of developing the disease.
Changes in clinician time expenditure and visit quantity with adoption of AI–powered scribes
The adoption of AI-powered scribes was associated with modest decreases in total electronic health record time and documentation time. This is due to automation of routine tasks allowing clinicians more time for high-value patient care.
New framework addresses privacy, dignity risks posed by modern ai systems
Researchers introduce the capabilities approach-contextual integrity (CA-CI) framework to address privacy and dignity risks in AI systems. The framework evaluates normative appropriateness of AI systems beyond narrow tasks and stable contexts, securing social life and human dignity.
Study explores frameworks for improved indigenous data sovereignty
Researchers examined how practice-based research and learning networks approach data governance, identifying the importance of building knowledge of Indigenous data sovereignty. Existing Indigenous governance frameworks provide guidance on incorporating Indigenous data sovereignty principles into PBRLNs.
Singapore sees increase in breast cancer cases but fewer deaths
Singapore's breast cancer incidence is rising, but mortality rates are falling, mirroring global trends. The country's strong healthcare system and high-screening participation have contributed to improved survival rates.
University of Ottawa Heart Institute, the University of Ottawa and McGill University launch ARCHIMEDES to advance health research in Canada
The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, McGill University, and the University of Ottawa have launched ARCHIMEDES, a national health data platform providing Canadian researchers with secure access to diverse health data. The platform enables collaboration, supports advanced analyses, including AI algorithms, and prioritizes public trust.
Big data and human height: ISTA scientists develop algorithm to boost biobank data retrieval & analysis
Researchers from ISTA developed an algorithm that can extract and analyze information from the world’s most extensive biobank with unprecedented accuracy and speed. The method, dubbed gVAMP, enhances the framework's ability to extract complex information from the dataset at hand, providing a detailed overview of the effects on a trait ...
New UT Arlington center prepares students for space careers
The University of Texas at Arlington has launched the Center for Space Physics and Data Science, expanding undergraduate and graduate degree programs in space physics and data science. The center will train students across six focus areas, preparing them for careers in the rapidly growing space industry.
Scientists empower an AI foundation model to accelerate plant research
A new method called Distributed Cross-Channel Hierarchical Aggregation (D-CHAG) accelerates analysis of hyperspectral data, enabling faster AI-guided discoveries for high-performing crops. The approach reduces computational bottleneck and increases efficiency, making it possible to extract subtle patterns in plant physiology.
Optical spin Hall effect driven by hybrid spin-orbit coupling in organic microcavities
Researchers achieved hybrid spin-orbit coupling-driven optical spin Hall effect in organic microcavities, offering a new approach for polarization-preserving components and spin-photonic functionality. The system provides more than one 'topological' spin texture within a single device, accessible by adjusting momentum.
Marshall University and University of Missouri researchers co-develop new deep learning platform to advance precision medicine
Researchers developed G2PDeep, a web-based platform integrating six molecular data types to predict complex health outcomes. The platform enables better identification of omics-based molecular markers and improves personalized treatment strategies.
New video dataset to advance AI for health care
Researchers have launched a new multimodal medical dataset, Observer, capturing anonymized, real-time interactions between patients and clinicians. The dataset links video, audio, transcripts, and electronic health records to study subtleties like body language and environmental factors affecting care.
Researchers reveal bias in a widely used measure of algorithm performance
A new study reveals that Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), a widely used metric for algorithm performance, can produce biased results. The researchers developed an asymmetric, reduced version of the mutual information metric to eliminate biases and improve comparison across fields.
Engineering smarter care for ALS patients
University of Missouri researchers are combining in-home sensor technology with artificial intelligence to monitor daily changes in ALS patients' health. The system uses machine learning to estimate a patient's score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised, predicting potential problems before they occur.
Approximate domain unlearning: Enabling safer and more controllable vision-language models
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science propose approximate domain unlearning (ADU) algorithm, which differentiates between domains while preserving generalization capability. This approach enables flexible AI configuration suited to individual practical scenarios.
Stowers Institute appoints first AI Fellow to help advance biological research with artificial intelligence
The Stowers Institute has appointed its first AI Fellow, Sumner Magruder, to harness the potential of artificial intelligence in biological research. He will collaborate with researchers to design new algorithms and unlock insights from large datasets.
Global platform for pandemic preparedness to be established at DTU National Food Institute
The Global Pathogen Analysis Platform (GPAP) will enable low- and middle-income countries to conduct research and surveillance of infectious diseases independently. The platform aims to prevent disease outbreaks from developing into pandemics by detecting genetic sequences of potential pathogens.
Artificial intelligence theory could be the key to how collective cell intelligence works
Scientists from Japan developed a theoretical framework that explains how collective cells can perform complex tasks. The key is distributed information processing and reinforcement learning in the environment.
The Gabriella Miller Kids First Data Resource Center (Kids First DRC) has launched the Variant Workbench
The Variant Workbench enables researchers to explore genetic data in a single, integrated workspace, linking genomic information with clinical conditions. By reducing data complexity, the tool facilitates scientific discovery and accelerates pace of research.
Applying engineering principles to biological studies could identify disease biomarkers more quickly
University of Michigan researchers propose a technique called Dynamic Sensor Selection to identify disease biomarkers. The approach, which applies control theory and observability principles to biological systems, has been shown to pinpoint biomarkers at each time point and reduce data complexity.
Gap-controlled infrared absorption spectroscopy for analysis of molecular interfaces
Researchers developed a novel spectroscopic approach to precisely analyze molecular interfaces at material surfaces. The technique uses gap-controlled infrared absorption spectroscopy, combining conventional ATR-IR with advanced data analysis, allowing for the isolation of interfacial molecular signals.
Cambridge scientist uncovers cunning way to double the sales of the famous Greggs Vegan Sausage Roll – and in an open letter, shares the technique with key people at Greggs
A new strategy to increase low-emission food consumption has been found effective in controlled choice experiments with 3,000 participants. The 'nudge by proxy' approach highlights consumer motivations rather than environmental impacts, significantly outperforming traditional carbon footprint labelling.
Mapping causality in neuronal activity: towards a better understanding of brain networks
Researchers developed a method to identify causal relationships between neurons solely based on spike train data, providing a new tool for understanding brain connectivity. The approach accurately detected bidirectional and unidirectional coupling between neurons, even in the presence of internal noise.
Shaky cameras can make for sharper shots, new research shows
Researchers at Brown University developed an image processing technique that harnesses camera motion to increase resolution, producing super-resolution images with details sharper than the original pixel array allows. The technique has potential applications in archival photography and photography from moving aircraft.
Rice researchers turn wasted data center heat into clean power
A new study from Rice University introduces a novel solar thermal-boosted organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system that can recover 60-80% more electricity annually from waste heat in data centers. The approach achieves over 8% higher ORC efficiency during sunny peak hours and lowers the cost of electricity by 5.5-16.5%.
Digital to analog in one smooth step
The new Harvard device can turn purely digital electronic inputs into analog optical signals at high speeds, addressing the bottleneck of computing and data interconnects. It has the potential to enable advances in microwave photonics and emerging optical computing approaches.
USGS measures glacial flooding in Juneau, Alaska
Glacier-caused flooding is an annual threat in Juneau, with record-breaking floods over the past two years impacting hundreds of homes. The USGS provides real-time monitoring data to help emergency managers make informed decisions about evacuations and road closures.
Crop monitoring system utilizing IoT, AI and other tech showcased at ASABE
The system tracks and analyzes crop development using data from sensors, biosensors, the Internet of Things, and AI. Strong security protocols ensure farmer data remains private and resilient against future quantum computer attacks. The research team plans to improve their system with faster sensor processing and a solar-powered battery.
Study finds news releases written by humans more credible than AI content
A University of Kansas study found that people rate corporate crises messages written by humans as more credible and trustworthy, regardless of the approach taken. However, the approach itself didn't vary between participants who read human or AI-written content.
Collecting large-scale data from impoverished communities
Researchers from Sapiens Labs created two ongoing data acquisition programs in India and Tanzania to collect large-scale, high-quality neuroimaging data. The programs have collected data from over 7,900 participants with comparable data quality to lab settings and lower costs.
Research team produces low-loss spin waveguide network
A research team from the University of Münster has developed a new way to produce spin waveguides, allowing for large networks capable of processing information efficiently. The team created the largest spin waveguide network to date, with precise control over properties such as wavelength and reflection.
Children’s social media activity highlights emotional stress of living with long-term health issues
A study using AI language models analyzed sentiments and emotions expressed by almost 400 pediatric patients on social media, finding that 94% of comments were negative, with sadness and fear prevalent. The study highlights the need for integrated care approaches to support vulnerable young patients managing complex medical conditions.
From position to meaning: how AI learns to read
A new study reveals that AI systems transition from relying on word positions to meaning-based understanding as they receive enough data for training. The transition occurs abruptly, similar to a phase transition in physical systems, and is driven by the amount of data available.
Scientists tackle single-cell data’s “reliability crisis” with new tool ‘scICE’
Scientists have developed a new tool named scICE to tackle the stability problem in single-cell RNA sequencing data. The tool provides a way to validate clustering outcomes mathematically, ensuring higher confidence in conclusions drawn from single-cell data.
Creature culture: What animal behavior can teach us about saving nature
Researchers have developed an open-access catalog of animal traditions to explore the role of social learning in shaping animal behavior. The Animal Culture Database features vocal communications, mating displays, play, and other social behaviors observed in dozens of species from around the world.
Study explores how to use AI to listen to the ‘heartbeat’ of a city
University of Missouri researchers create digital sentiment map using AI to analyze public Instagram posts, linking emotional tone to real-life features. The tool aims to improve city services, identify areas of concern, and inform emergency response decisions.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine launches Data Science Institute
The new Data Science Institute will support researchers in harnessing vast amounts of data to advance scientific discovery and patient care. With seed funding, the institute aims to foster interdisciplinary collaborations and provide cutting-edge tools and academic knowledge to extract valuable insights from massive datasets.
Don’t resent your robot vacuum cleaner for its idle hours – work it harder!
Computer scientists at the University of Bath reprogrammed a Roomba to perform four new tasks, showcasing the untapped potential of domestic robots. The researchers identified over 100 ways to tap into the latent potential of robotic devices, proposing functions such as playing with pets, watering plants, and delivering breakfast in bed.
An earth-abundant mineral for sustainable spintronics
Researchers at EPFL discovered that iron-rich hematite exhibits new spin physics, enabling signal processing at ultrahigh frequencies and allowing repeated encoding and storage of digital data. This breakthrough paves the way for a more efficient and sustainable approach to spintronics.
Material? Robot? It’s a metabot
Researchers at Princeton University developed a 'metabot' material that can expand, assume new shapes, move, and respond to electromagnetic commands. The metamaterial's complex behavior is enabled by chirality, allowing it to defy typical physical object rules.
New AI tool makes sense of public opinion data in minutes, not months
The Deep Computational Text Analyser (DECOTA) is an open-access AI tool that transforms open-ended survey responses into clear themes in minutes, not months. Developed by the University of Bath, DECOTA delivers insights around 380 times faster and over 1,900 times cheaper than human analysis.
AI threats in software development revealed in new study from The University of Texas at San Antonio
A recent study from UTSA researchers reveals that large language models (LLMs) can pose a serious threat to programmers who use them to help write code. The study found that up to 97% of software developers incorporate generative AI into their workflow, and 30% of code written today is AI-generated.
Face processing abnormalities identified in autism dog model
A new study has revealed that Beagle dogs carrying mutations in the Shank3 gene exhibit face processing abnormalities, similar to those observed in human ASD patients. The research provides direct experimental evidence that mutations in Shank3 lead to ASD-like deficits in face processing, contributing to social impairments.
New fabrication method brings topological quantum computing a step closer to reality
Physicists at the University of Cologne have successfully observed Crossed Andreev Reflection in TI nanowires, a crucial step toward engineering Majorana-based qubits. This breakthrough enables reliable control over superconducting correlations in topological insulator nanowires.
Searching for structure and purpose in disordered behavior
A recent special issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science delves into the study of individual variability, or 'noise,' in human behavior. Researchers argue that noise is not an error to be minimized but rather a source of information that can provide insights into psychological processes. By analyzing distributions of noise, scie...
Could ‘cognitive drills’ when warming up give athletes a head-start?
A new study found that combining physical warmups with short bursts of cognitive tasks enhances athletic performance. Researchers discovered a 'Goldilocks effect,' where the right balance between cognitive and physical activities is key to optimal performance.
Risk it or kick it? Study analyzes NFL coaches’ risk tolerance on fourth down
A BYU study reveals how NFL coaches, including Super Bowl contenders Andy Reid and Nick Sirianni, weigh risk on fourth down. The research finds that despite growing acceptance of analytics-driven decision-making, most coaches are more cautious than the numbers suggest they should be.
A groundbreaking approach: Researchers at The University of Texas at San Antonio chart the future of neuromorphic computing
Neuromorphic computing is poised to emerge into full-scale commercial use, driven by the need for energy-efficient solutions. The review article proposes strategies for building large-scale neuromorphic systems that can tackle complex real-world challenges.
BioChatter: making large language models accessible for biomedical research
BioChatter bridges the gap between large language models and biomedical research by providing a transparent and adaptable framework for custom research tasks. The platform can integrate with knowledge graphs and bioinformatics tools, making it easier for researchers to analyze complex datasets.
A unified approach to health data exchange
The US Department of Health and Human Services has developed a unified approach to health data exchange, utilizing electronic health records to enhance patient care and public health. This initiative aims to standardize the sharing of health data across different entities, enabling better decision-making and improved healthcare outcomes.
Unlocking the ‘black box’: scientists reveal AI’s hidden thoughts
Researchers developed a new method, k* distribution method, to visualize and assess how well deep neural networks categorize related items together. The model reveals clustered, fractured or overlapping arrangements of data points, indicating accuracy and reliability issues.
Training AI through human interactions instead of datasets
Researchers developed a platform to help AI learn complex tasks through nuance and real-time instruction, achieving up to a 30% increase in success rates. The GUIDE framework allows humans to provide ongoing, nuanced feedback, fostering incremental improvements and deeper understanding.
User language distorts ChatGPT information on armed conflicts
A study found that ChatGPT provides higher fatality numbers when asked in Arabic compared to questions in Hebrew, highlighting the impact of user language on information dissemination. The researchers believe this has profound social implications, as it can shape perceptions of conflict and fuel biases.
Broadcast police communications may pose privacy risks, especially to Black men
A study found that police radio transmissions disproportionately involve Black suspects, posing a higher privacy risk for Black people. The researchers analyzed 24 hours of human-transcribed communications and found that Black males were mentioned most often, even in majority white zones.
Enhanced wavelength conversion to advance quantum information networks
Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University develop a novel method for broadband frequency conversion using X-cut thin film lithium niobate, achieving a bandwidth of up to 13 nanometers. This breakthrough enables on-chip tunable frequency conversion, opening the door to enhanced quantum light sources and larger capacity multiplexing.
Testing and evaluation of health care applications of large language models
The study evaluated large language models for healthcare applications, highlighting dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity. It emphasizes the need for standardized applications and metrics to ensure real patient care data is considered.
WPI researcher receives National Science Foundation grant to study how humans interact with artificial intelligence
The two-year study aims to explore biases in AI systems and develop a 'human-in-the-loop' framework for quality data discovery. It will investigate how humans can be involved as labelers, prompters, and validators to improve data sets and user interfaces.
New data science tool greatly speeds up molecular analysis of our environment
A research team developed a computational workflow for analyzing large data sets in metabolomics, speeding up the process to capture chemical profiles of coastal environments. The tool, accessible to researchers worldwide, highlights potential sources of pollution and enables statistical insights within minutes.