Articles tagged with Information Processing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new method called Distributed Cross-Channel Hierarchical Aggregation (D-CHAG) accelerates analysis of hyperspectral data, enabling faster AI-guided discoveries for high-performing crops. The approach reduces computational bottleneck and increases efficiency, making it possible to extract subtle patterns in plant physiology.
Researchers achieved hybrid spin-orbit coupling-driven optical spin Hall effect in organic microcavities, offering a new approach for polarization-preserving components and spin-photonic functionality. The system provides more than one 'topological' spin texture within a single device, accessible by adjusting momentum.
Researchers developed G2PDeep, a web-based platform integrating six molecular data types to predict complex health outcomes. The platform enables better identification of omics-based molecular markers and improves personalized treatment strategies.
Researchers have launched a new multimodal medical dataset, Observer, capturing anonymized, real-time interactions between patients and clinicians. The dataset links video, audio, transcripts, and electronic health records to study subtleties like body language and environmental factors affecting care.
A new study reveals that Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), a widely used metric for algorithm performance, can produce biased results. The researchers developed an asymmetric, reduced version of the mutual information metric to eliminate biases and improve comparison across fields.
University of Missouri researchers are combining in-home sensor technology with artificial intelligence to monitor daily changes in ALS patients' health. The system uses machine learning to estimate a patient's score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised, predicting potential problems before they occur.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science propose approximate domain unlearning (ADU) algorithm, which differentiates between domains while preserving generalization capability. This approach enables flexible AI configuration suited to individual practical scenarios.
The Stowers Institute has appointed its first AI Fellow, Sumner Magruder, to harness the potential of artificial intelligence in biological research. He will collaborate with researchers to design new algorithms and unlock insights from large datasets.
The Global Pathogen Analysis Platform (GPAP) will enable low- and middle-income countries to conduct research and surveillance of infectious diseases independently. The platform aims to prevent disease outbreaks from developing into pandemics by detecting genetic sequences of potential pathogens.
Scientists from Japan developed a theoretical framework that explains how collective cells can perform complex tasks. The key is distributed information processing and reinforcement learning in the environment.
The Variant Workbench enables researchers to explore genetic data in a single, integrated workspace, linking genomic information with clinical conditions. By reducing data complexity, the tool facilitates scientific discovery and accelerates pace of research.
University of Michigan researchers propose a technique called Dynamic Sensor Selection to identify disease biomarkers. The approach, which applies control theory and observability principles to biological systems, has been shown to pinpoint biomarkers at each time point and reduce data complexity.
Researchers developed a novel spectroscopic approach to precisely analyze molecular interfaces at material surfaces. The technique uses gap-controlled infrared absorption spectroscopy, combining conventional ATR-IR with advanced data analysis, allowing for the isolation of interfacial molecular signals.
A new strategy to increase low-emission food consumption has been found effective in controlled choice experiments with 3,000 participants. The 'nudge by proxy' approach highlights consumer motivations rather than environmental impacts, significantly outperforming traditional carbon footprint labelling.
Researchers developed a method to identify causal relationships between neurons solely based on spike train data, providing a new tool for understanding brain connectivity. The approach accurately detected bidirectional and unidirectional coupling between neurons, even in the presence of internal noise.
Researchers at Brown University developed an image processing technique that harnesses camera motion to increase resolution, producing super-resolution images with details sharper than the original pixel array allows. The technique has potential applications in archival photography and photography from moving aircraft.
A new study from Rice University introduces a novel solar thermal-boosted organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system that can recover 60-80% more electricity annually from waste heat in data centers. The approach achieves over 8% higher ORC efficiency during sunny peak hours and lowers the cost of electricity by 5.5-16.5%.
The new Harvard device can turn purely digital electronic inputs into analog optical signals at high speeds, addressing the bottleneck of computing and data interconnects. It has the potential to enable advances in microwave photonics and emerging optical computing approaches.
Glacier-caused flooding is an annual threat in Juneau, with record-breaking floods over the past two years impacting hundreds of homes. The USGS provides real-time monitoring data to help emergency managers make informed decisions about evacuations and road closures.
The system tracks and analyzes crop development using data from sensors, biosensors, the Internet of Things, and AI. Strong security protocols ensure farmer data remains private and resilient against future quantum computer attacks. The research team plans to improve their system with faster sensor processing and a solar-powered battery.
A University of Kansas study found that people rate corporate crises messages written by humans as more credible and trustworthy, regardless of the approach taken. However, the approach itself didn't vary between participants who read human or AI-written content.
Researchers from Sapiens Labs created two ongoing data acquisition programs in India and Tanzania to collect large-scale, high-quality neuroimaging data. The programs have collected data from over 7,900 participants with comparable data quality to lab settings and lower costs.
A research team from the University of Münster has developed a new way to produce spin waveguides, allowing for large networks capable of processing information efficiently. The team created the largest spin waveguide network to date, with precise control over properties such as wavelength and reflection.
A study using AI language models analyzed sentiments and emotions expressed by almost 400 pediatric patients on social media, finding that 94% of comments were negative, with sadness and fear prevalent. The study highlights the need for integrated care approaches to support vulnerable young patients managing complex medical conditions.
A new study reveals that AI systems transition from relying on word positions to meaning-based understanding as they receive enough data for training. The transition occurs abruptly, similar to a phase transition in physical systems, and is driven by the amount of data available.
Scientists have developed a new tool named scICE to tackle the stability problem in single-cell RNA sequencing data. The tool provides a way to validate clustering outcomes mathematically, ensuring higher confidence in conclusions drawn from single-cell data.
Researchers have developed an open-access catalog of animal traditions to explore the role of social learning in shaping animal behavior. The Animal Culture Database features vocal communications, mating displays, play, and other social behaviors observed in dozens of species from around the world.
University of Missouri researchers create digital sentiment map using AI to analyze public Instagram posts, linking emotional tone to real-life features. The tool aims to improve city services, identify areas of concern, and inform emergency response decisions.
The new Data Science Institute will support researchers in harnessing vast amounts of data to advance scientific discovery and patient care. With seed funding, the institute aims to foster interdisciplinary collaborations and provide cutting-edge tools and academic knowledge to extract valuable insights from massive datasets.
Computer scientists at the University of Bath reprogrammed a Roomba to perform four new tasks, showcasing the untapped potential of domestic robots. The researchers identified over 100 ways to tap into the latent potential of robotic devices, proposing functions such as playing with pets, watering plants, and delivering breakfast in bed.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that iron-rich hematite exhibits new spin physics, enabling signal processing at ultrahigh frequencies and allowing repeated encoding and storage of digital data. This breakthrough paves the way for a more efficient and sustainable approach to spintronics.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a 'metabot' material that can expand, assume new shapes, move, and respond to electromagnetic commands. The metamaterial's complex behavior is enabled by chirality, allowing it to defy typical physical object rules.
The Deep Computational Text Analyser (DECOTA) is an open-access AI tool that transforms open-ended survey responses into clear themes in minutes, not months. Developed by the University of Bath, DECOTA delivers insights around 380 times faster and over 1,900 times cheaper than human analysis.
A recent study from UTSA researchers reveals that large language models (LLMs) can pose a serious threat to programmers who use them to help write code. The study found that up to 97% of software developers incorporate generative AI into their workflow, and 30% of code written today is AI-generated.
A new study has revealed that Beagle dogs carrying mutations in the Shank3 gene exhibit face processing abnormalities, similar to those observed in human ASD patients. The research provides direct experimental evidence that mutations in Shank3 lead to ASD-like deficits in face processing, contributing to social impairments.
Physicists at the University of Cologne have successfully observed Crossed Andreev Reflection in TI nanowires, a crucial step toward engineering Majorana-based qubits. This breakthrough enables reliable control over superconducting correlations in topological insulator nanowires.
A recent special issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science delves into the study of individual variability, or 'noise,' in human behavior. Researchers argue that noise is not an error to be minimized but rather a source of information that can provide insights into psychological processes. By analyzing distributions of noise, scie...
A new study found that combining physical warmups with short bursts of cognitive tasks enhances athletic performance. Researchers discovered a 'Goldilocks effect,' where the right balance between cognitive and physical activities is key to optimal performance.
A BYU study reveals how NFL coaches, including Super Bowl contenders Andy Reid and Nick Sirianni, weigh risk on fourth down. The research finds that despite growing acceptance of analytics-driven decision-making, most coaches are more cautious than the numbers suggest they should be.
Neuromorphic computing is poised to emerge into full-scale commercial use, driven by the need for energy-efficient solutions. The review article proposes strategies for building large-scale neuromorphic systems that can tackle complex real-world challenges.
BioChatter bridges the gap between large language models and biomedical research by providing a transparent and adaptable framework for custom research tasks. The platform can integrate with knowledge graphs and bioinformatics tools, making it easier for researchers to analyze complex datasets.
The US Department of Health and Human Services has developed a unified approach to health data exchange, utilizing electronic health records to enhance patient care and public health. This initiative aims to standardize the sharing of health data across different entities, enabling better decision-making and improved healthcare outcomes.
Researchers developed a new method, k* distribution method, to visualize and assess how well deep neural networks categorize related items together. The model reveals clustered, fractured or overlapping arrangements of data points, indicating accuracy and reliability issues.
Researchers developed a platform to help AI learn complex tasks through nuance and real-time instruction, achieving up to a 30% increase in success rates. The GUIDE framework allows humans to provide ongoing, nuanced feedback, fostering incremental improvements and deeper understanding.
A study found that ChatGPT provides higher fatality numbers when asked in Arabic compared to questions in Hebrew, highlighting the impact of user language on information dissemination. The researchers believe this has profound social implications, as it can shape perceptions of conflict and fuel biases.
A study found that police radio transmissions disproportionately involve Black suspects, posing a higher privacy risk for Black people. The researchers analyzed 24 hours of human-transcribed communications and found that Black males were mentioned most often, even in majority white zones.
The study evaluated large language models for healthcare applications, highlighting dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity. It emphasizes the need for standardized applications and metrics to ensure real patient care data is considered.
Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University develop a novel method for broadband frequency conversion using X-cut thin film lithium niobate, achieving a bandwidth of up to 13 nanometers. This breakthrough enables on-chip tunable frequency conversion, opening the door to enhanced quantum light sources and larger capacity multiplexing.
The two-year study aims to explore biases in AI systems and develop a 'human-in-the-loop' framework for quality data discovery. It will investigate how humans can be involved as labelers, prompters, and validators to improve data sets and user interfaces.
A research team developed a computational workflow for analyzing large data sets in metabolomics, speeding up the process to capture chemical profiles of coastal environments. The tool, accessible to researchers worldwide, highlights potential sources of pollution and enables statistical insights within minutes.
The UC3M-Universia Chair aims to address the challenges of large tech companies' data use and create a new, transparent and fair personal data economy. Researchers will develop models and algorithms linked to AI that are interpretable and unbiased.
A new machine-learning model developed by a University of Arkansas student improves upon existing genotype-by-environmental interaction models, achieving higher prediction accuracy. The model uses feature engineering to process environmental data, leading to a 7% improvement in mean prediction accuracy.
A new four-year, $459,000 grant will develop software and hardware tools to increase accessibility in STEM fields for persons with disabilities. The project aims to enhance data technologies for blind and low-vision users, making it easier for them to participate in STEM research and education.
A recent study by Harvard University researchers compares the effectiveness of one-photon (1P) versus two-photon (2P) voltage imaging in neural circuits. The study found that 2P excitation requires approximately 10,000 times more illumination power per cell compared to 1P excitation, posing significant challenges for 2P voltage imaging.
A global network will be created to protect Indigenous data collection and use, leveraging worldwide policies and practices to ensure control over data related to Indigenous communities. The project aims to establish an alliance among 12 Indigenous data sovereignty networks spanning the globe.
Research by University of East Anglia and University of Texas found that stricter data privacy laws significantly reduced breaches, but negatively affected firms' market value. Companies compliant with GDPR invested more in data protection and were less likely to experience data breaches.
Theoretical physicists at Utrecht University have discovered that fractals might hold the key to making electric currents flow without energy loss. By growing fractal structures on top of semiconductors, scientists have created materials with zero-dimensional corner modes and lossless one-dimensional edge states.
A breakthrough in ferromagnet research enables ultra-fast spin behavior, leading to potential advancements in communication and computation technologies. The study's findings have the potential to unlock terahertz processing power, a thousand times faster than current smartphones and computers.
The Kids First DRC has introduced an upgraded data portal to streamline big data search and analysis, improving collaborative pediatric research outcomes. The new portal integrates diverse datasets, including genomic information from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, to foster cross-disciplinary research.
Researchers have developed a system combining bio-inspired cameras with AI to quickly detect obstacles around cars, using less computational power. The hybrid system detects objects up to one hundred times faster than current systems while reducing data transmission and processing needs.