Articles tagged with Information Processing
A new study by Newcastle University researchers has developed dynamic DNA data structures that can store and retrieve information in an ordered way. The study presents an in vitro implementation of a stack data structure using DNA polymers, which stores and retrieves information in a last-in-first-out order.
Researchers found that infants aged 7 and 8 months could identify two faces when the temporal interval was 800ms, but overlooked the second face when separated by 200ms. This suggests that infants take less than a second to process visual information and have the same temporal limitation as adults.
A recent study at Brown University found that intolerance to uncertainty exacerbates polarization in both liberals and conservatives. The researchers measured brain activity while participants watched real political debates and news broadcasts, finding that neural responses diverged between individuals with different ideological beliefs.
Researchers at TU Wien simulate single-celled organism movement using artificial intelligence and a physical model, revealing how it achieves chemotaxis despite lacking a nervous system. The virtual organism learns to direct its movement through a simple control network, similar to biological evolution.
New research published in JNeurosci found that brain areas active while viewing pictures of hands also encode if a 3D tool is held properly. This challenges current understanding of how the brain controls hand movement and could improve brain-machine interfaces for prosthetics.
Researchers found that mice can detect rapid fluctuations in odour plumes and use this information to distinguish between sources. This suggests the mammalian olfactory system plays a key role in processing awareness of physical space and surroundings, guiding survival decisions.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Human Development discovered that the brain rapidly shifts from a rhythmic to a 'noisy' state when task demands increase. This shift enables flexible information processing, allowing individuals to adapt to changing environments and make better decisions.
Researchers used Facebook data to map participants' social connections and found that brain activity patterns reflected the distance between individuals, with closer people having similar patterns. Information about each connection's personality was encoded in the medial prefrontal cortex.
A team of researchers has successfully developed a highly sensitive magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology that can detect even fast brain oscillations produced in response to single sensory stimuli. This breakthrough enables noninvasive observation of nerve cells transmitting information, shedding light on factors such as alertness a...
A team of researchers from the University of Exeter and the University of Auckland made a significant discovery in how a single cell stores electrical patterns similar to memories. The study found that a single neuron can select between different patterns based on individual stimulus properties.
Researchers argue that limited science literacy and structural constraints make it hard to discern fact from falsehood. Emotion and humor may help address the issue by drawing attention to valuable information and humanizing sources.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how cognitive control and sensory information relate to cortical machinery. Researchers found that signal propagation between cortical areas V1 and V4 is modulated by attention, challenging previous theories about parallel processing flows.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki found that depression alters the way the brain processes visual information, with depressed individuals perceiving contrast as stronger. The study used two visual tests to compare brain function in patients with depression to those without.
A new study maps the psychological signatures of people predisposed to holding extreme social, political or religious attitudes, including nationalist fervor. Cognitive traits such as poorer working memory, slower perceptual strategies, and impulsivity are linked to endorsement of violence in support of an ideological group.
Researchers at KIST Brain Science Institute and NYU discovered that hippocampus uses distinct information processing mechanisms to encode spatial information, including rate code and phase code. This understanding can improve diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders like Alzheimer's and amnesia, as well as inspire AI advancements.
Research finds that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex drives self-bias in working memory, allowing individuals to recall information about themselves faster than others. This brain region is activated when holding self-representing stimuli in working memory.
A team of scientists has developed objects made with living materials, using fungi as a key component. The research demonstrates that fungi can sense and process various external stimuli, including light, temperature, and electrical signals, making them suitable for creating sustainable smart wearables.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a pearl spectrometer, demonstrating light transport-assisted information processing. This innovation has the potential to improve spectroscopy in biomedical and military applications by providing compact and efficient sensing capabilities.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a system that enables robots to recognize pain and self-repair with minimal wiring and circuits. The 'mini-brain' approach allows the robot to process information efficiently and adapt to its environment, making it more interactive with humans.
A two-stage model integrates continuous processing with discrete conscious moments, resolving the 1,500-year-old question of whether consciousness is continuous or discrete. This new framework offers a fresh perspective on information processing and could revolutionize fields like neuroscience, psychology, and computer vision.
Studies with over 2,500 participants reveal an 'objectivity illusion' where individuals on both sides perceive those who share their views as more objective. The findings suggest a self-reinforcing bias in information processing deepens the ideological divide.
A new study reveals that the occipital cortex is essential for guiding involuntary attention to prioritize visual information. Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation to disrupt cortical excitability in this region, finding that it eliminates behavioral benefits and costs at attended and unattended locations.
Researchers identify granule cells as gatekeepers of the hippocampus, filtering out irrelevant information. These cells also appear to be involved in processing spatial information, converting grid cell activity into place cell activity.
A new memory game helps researchers understand how brain regions process sensory information and remember skills after traumatic brain injury. The game reveals that certain areas of the brain, such as S1 and S2, have both localized and distributed processing roles.
Researchers found that the human brain minimizes cognitive capacity usage when reading, focusing on essential information. By analyzing brain activity, they developed a model to determine word informativeness and predict information gain.
Stroke survivors who receive early visual training can recover more of their lost vision than those trained later. Researchers discovered that the brain's visual structures degenerate over time after an occipital stroke, but early intervention can halt this loss.
A team of physicists at the University of Arizona discovered a thin layer of iron oxide that explains a long-standing puzzle in magnetic tunnel junctions, which could lead to faster and more efficient spintronics. The finding opens up new possibilities for developing this technology, potentially revolutionizing computing.
A study using time-resolved EEG data found that neural representations of moving objects are activated earlier than visual input, suggesting the brain uses predictive neural mechanisms to compensate for lag times. This compensation enables faster processing of real-time events.
A recent study on Zika virus found that individuals who thought they knew more about the threat were actually more likely to feel uncertain and anxious. The researchers suggest that public health agencies should focus on providing ongoing updates and shaping messages that encourage people to stay informed, as uncertainty can fuel fears...
Scientists have demonstrated tunable coherent phonon dynamics in nanomechanical resonators, enabling new possibilities for information storage and processing. The work shows high cooperativity and large coupling strength between non-neighbouring phonon modes.
A team of UCF researchers has created a nanoscale device that mimics the neural pathways of brain cells used for human vision. The innovation combines two promising materials to enable robots to process and memorize information, reducing processing time and energy consumption.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed a tool to identify the source of errors caused by software updates using deep learning. The algorithm, which analyzes performance counters, can find bugs in a matter of hours instead of days.
A new study uses caffeine to explore active cognitive processing stages in adults using a Go/NoGo task. The researchers found qualitatively different effects of caffeine on adults compared to children, providing clues about adult cognitive strategies and their dependence on the adenosine system.
Research at Rockefeller University discovered a new brain area, PITd, that steers attention and challenges the long-held concept of attention control. The finding suggests a rethinking of old concepts about attentional control and highlights the complexity of the brain's attention mechanisms.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have mapped three-dimensional surfaces of exceptional points, a phenomenon found to have applications in microwave, optical, and mechanical technologies. This discovery has the potential to enhance sensing capabilities and minimize unwanted interference in information processing systems.
Scientists have found that granule cells and interneurons in the brain process incoming signals differently due to their distinct structures and functional characteristics. This discovery sheds light on how malfunctions can arise in information processing, leading to memory impairments and neurological disorders.
Researchers discover that the physical structure of animal groups, not individual animals, plays a crucial role in processing information and responding to environmental changes. By changing the group's structure, individuals can amplify risk signals and respond effectively to threats, highlighting the importance of social connectivity.
Researchers at HSE University found that the brain comprehends words placed on the right side of a screen more quickly. The total amount of presented information affects speed and accuracy of word processing.
Researchers identify brain areas where flexible sensory integration takes place, including the parietal lobe and frontal lobe. The study's findings could be useful for understanding diseases affecting sensory processing, such as autism.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania propose that humans' ability to detect patterns stems from the brain's desire for simplicity. By prioritizing overall structure over individual details, people can more quickly recognize complex patterns and anticipate what comes next. The study's findings have significant implications for ...
A new computer model has been developed to map mental valuation processes in the brain, enabling accurate predictions of food choices. The model takes into account individual valuations and efficiency principles, allowing for the prediction of decision behavior.
Researchers found that left-branching language speakers outperformed right-branching language speakers in recalling initial stimuli across verbal and non-verbal working memory tasks. This suggests that the language structure affects the way native speakers process, store, and retrieve information.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have made significant findings on how the brain processes visual information from both eyes. Contrary to previous Nobel Prize-winning research, they discovered that the brain combines dual signals in milliseconds, not later stages of processing.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum discovered that test subjects can influence their learning success in a tactile task through neurofeedback training. By amplifying or reducing alpha oscillations, participants experienced improved sense of touch and learning outcomes.
A recent study by University at Buffalo researcher Janet Yang found that fear and anger have distinct effects on how conservatives and liberals process information about elections and climate change. Fear was linked to a systematic approach to information processing, while anger was associated with higher perceived knowledge of climate...
Researchers found that activating the locus coeruleus (LC) improves sensory information transmission and perceptual performance. The study provides insights into new treatments for neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and depression.
Researchers found that targeted cognitive training improved verbal learning and auditory perception scores in patients with severe schizophrenia. The treatment, which used computerized brain games to target specific neural pathways, was effective regardless of age, clinical symptoms, or medication duration.
The study challenges traditional understanding of brain circuits, finding that neurons in thicker areas have longer, more complex structures. This affects how individual neurons process sensory input and compare it to internal models.
Researchers from NERF used Neuropixels probes to measure electrical activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously, revealing that both visual cortex and thalamus are affected by movement. This discovery suggests that locomotor modulations may improve processing of fast-changing visual scenes during exploration and navigation.
Newly developed systems will gather information from a wealth of sources, including radar, drones, and social media, to create an information advantage for the modern military. The £4 million project aims to give military personnel access to the most useful information with minimal overheads.
Research suggests that short naps can aid in processing unconscious information, improving cognitive function and reaction time. The study found that even brief periods of sleep can enhance brain processing, particularly for implicit information.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have developed a chip-based technique that uses acoustic noise to increase signal capacity and processing speed in local networks. The new technology harnesses stimulated Brillouin scattering to extract and regenerate electronic signals, promising to reduce latency in high-speed services such as ...
Researchers found that the cardiac cycle modulates neural responses to external information in humans and rabbits, with improved learning rates observed during the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. This suggests a potential link between bodily rhythms and learning, warranting further investigation.
Researchers found that men and women show surprising differences in perceiving motion, with men picking up on visual motion faster than women. The study suggests that the difference may be due to disrupted processes in the brain that down-regulate neural activity in males.
Dr. Silvana Costa receives a National MS Society grant to investigate the effect of visual, cognitive, and motor deficits on information processing speed in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The four-year study will utilize neuropsychological evaluations and eye-tracking technology.
Researchers found that uncertainty can actually help decision makers by allowing them to prioritize good information and reduce errors. In high-stakes situations like battlefields, this approach could lead to better outcomes.
A study found domesticated rabbits have smaller amygdalas and larger medial prefrontal cortices, suggesting genetic changes may reduce fear processing. Reduced white matter anisotropy indicates compromised information processing, supporting the link between domestication and altered brain architecture.
Researchers found that expert poker players maximize information without revealing too much themselves, using public and private information sources to inform their wagering behavior. The study, published in Cognitive Science, offers insights into strategic uncertainty and information processing complexity.
Permanent His-bundle pacing bypasses iatrogenic left bundle-branch block caused by conventional RV pacing, maintaining or restoring ventricular synchrony. This technique is beneficial for patients with bradycardia or conduction system abnormalities.
A new study published in eNeuro provides evidence for the link between the motor system and our sense of time. Participants in the research task showed synchronization between action preparation and perception, demonstrating that the brain operates at different speeds.