Articles tagged with Information Processing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Auburn University discovered that both children and adults rely more on their right ear for processing information in noisy environments. The study found that when cognitive demand increases, the right-ear advantage persists in mature auditory systems.
Researchers have developed a new writing method to create any desired magnetic pattern on nanowires, mimicking brain information processing. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of hardware neural networks, which may surpass software-based approaches in efficiency.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge and TU Eindhoven develop functional 3D-nanoprinted circuits that can process information along three dimensions. This breakthrough could lead to significant increases in electronic device storage and processing capacities.
A study by New York University researchers found that when we encounter low-valued items, we're willing to pay more for products later seen; conversely, high-valued items lead to lower prices. This previously undetected factor affects consumer behavior and suggests adaptation is a universal feature of cognitive information processing.
Researchers will use state-of-the-art imaging techniques to gain new insights into neural circuit function, critical for addressing visual and neurological disorders. The grant aims to fill a major gap in understanding how neurons process information, crucial for treating brain-related conditions.
A study published in JNeurosci found that sleep-deprived rats exhibited rapid transitions between wake- and sleep-like states, disrupting neural activity. The researchers suggest that one function of sleep is to reset the activity of neural networks for optimal information processing while awake.
Researchers are working on a method to distribute processing power to programs based on their needs, enabling computers to cope with future requirements. This approach aims to prevent unpredictable delays and frequent interruptions by providing accurate information regarding application needs.
Researchers found that issue-based tweeting during debates solidifies viewers' beliefs, while social watching enhances learning. Those engaging in issue-based tweeting show higher post-debate knowledge scores, indicating a greater acquisition of political knowledge.
New experiments support distinct roles for ventral and dorsal brain pathways in processing information about objects. The dorsal pathway sees objects according to what they are and what is done with them, while the ventral pathway sees objects as they always are, clarifying their roles in visual processing.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have made a groundbreaking discovery in the search for energy-efficient information storage. By controlling the chirality of magnetic domain walls using an electric field, they have opened up new possibilities for non-volatile information processing and storage technology.
A study reveals that individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) process visual information from the affected side of their body more slowly than the unaffected side. This suggests a possible change in brain mechanisms that normally allow us to process information at different locations.
A study by NYU's Steinhardt School found that bilingual children excel at perceiving information about who is talking, including recognizing voices. The research suggests that speaking multiple languages enhances social perception and processing abilities.
Researchers discovered that motor cortical neurons adapt to optimize movement encoding, enabling more precise neural prosthetics. The findings have potential applications in improving brain-machine interface performance and reliability.
A study by University of Exeter researchers found that US Republicans are less likely to be critical of Obamacare when reminded about their own medical needs. When asked to assess the performance of the Affordable Care Act in a more personal context, Republicans viewed evidence in a more balanced way.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences developed a chemical computer that can recognize the shape of a sphere with great accuracy. The system uses a network of oscillating droplets, where each droplet acts as a 'neuronal' unit, to process information and make decisions.
Scientists at the University of Notre Dame developed a 'living diode' using cardiac muscle cells, enabling directional signal processing. This innovation opens doors to functional biological structures for controlling mechanical devices in the body.
Researchers have developed a theoretical map to use ferroelectric material to process information using multivalued logic, enabling the same physical switch to encode multiple values. This could lead to significantly more efficient memory units and processors, crucial for realizing neuromorphic computing.
Researchers identified a neural pathway in humans that explains how the brain processes feelings of fear and anxiety. By analyzing neuronal activity while watching horror movie scenes, they found that the amygdala and hippocampus directly exchange signals to process fearful stimuli.
Researchers at UEA and Glasgow found that a low-cost, home-based therapy produces marked improvements in visual neglect, even after four months. Patients who received the therapy showed significant gains in finding items on their neglected side of space and experienced long-lasting improvements in daily activities.
New research shows that when focused, information is processed continuously, while ignoring stimuli is perceived in waves. This study provides insights into how the brain prioritizes attention and processing of time and space.
Learning to grasp an object with the backs of the hands increased sensitivity to motion near the hands, while finger-tips precision grasp enhanced spatial detail perception near the hands. These findings suggest that vision is tuned for action and visual biases adapt to recent experiences.
A study by Eriko Aiba found that professional musicians' brains process musical information differently, depending on their prioritization strategy. Some prioritize sight and others rely on auditory memory to learn music, leading to the development of efficient learning methods tailored to individual brain strategies.
Researchers have developed simulated search agents that significantly outperformed human participants in computer search challenges, offering a promising solution for automating literature review and suggesting relevant sources. The agents can be configured to mimic human behavior, providing a credible simulation of a human researcher.
A study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that visual interference can disrupt recall of what things look like. The study, published in the Journal of Memory and Language, challenged widely held theories about visual knowledge and how it is processed in the brain.
Research found that employees experiencing envy tend to ruminate on social injustice, leading to ego depletion and decreased productivity. High epistemic motivation can contribute to creative output but also exacerbate negative emotions.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that the auditory cortex of profoundly deaf and hearing people has virtually identical neural architecture. The research raises questions about the role of experience in processing sensory information and could lead to potential new avenues for intervention in deafness.
Researchers found that the elephantnose fish switches between electrical and visual senses for optimal perception, with its brain prioritizing reliable information. The fish demonstrated unexpected abilities, such as trusting electrical signals over visual stimuli at close range, and using a combination of senses for distant objects.
Citrus greening disease huanglongbing (HLB) severity impacts citrus peel and fruit mechanical properties. HLB-symptomatic fruits are softer and more prone to preharvest fruit drop, while severely symptomatic trees experience higher postharvest pressure damage.
A new study published in ACM CHI '16 found that processing information on digital versus non-digital platforms affects construal levels, with digital platforms leading to more concrete thinking. Participants scored higher on concrete questions and lower on abstract questions when reading on digital platforms.
Scientists propose a two-stage model of consciousness processing, where the brain analyzes features continuously and unconsciously before rendering them conscious. The process lasts up to 400 milliseconds, with no consciousness in between.
Scientists with Berkeley Lab have demonstrated the ability to electrically generate and control valley electrons in a two-dimensional semiconductor, which could lead to faster and more energy-efficient computing technologies. The breakthrough enables future computer chips to process more information with less power.
A University at Buffalo researcher has developed a comprehensive model to explain why people fall for spear phishing attacks, accounting for user vulnerabilities and behavior patterns. The model proposes a new approach to training and education, using individual profiles to identify specific weaknesses, and enables organizations to dev...
A ten-year longitudinal study found that the type of family system during pregnancy and a baby's first year influences their ability to process emotional information. Children from cohesive families showed automatic disengagement from threatening stimuli, while those from disengaged and enmeshed families exhibited attentional avoidance.
Researchers at HZDR have developed a method for controlling the propagation of spin waves in a targeted and simple way, creating a basis for nanocircuits that use spin waves. This approach uses magnetic domain walls and small external magnetic fields to manipulate the course of spin waves, enabling efficient information processing.
A new study found that individuals with fewer than 12 years of schooling benefit more from cognitive training than their more highly educated counterparts. Cognitive training on speed of information processing resulted in a 50% greater effect for those with less than a complete high school education.
A new study reveals that people with lower tinnitus distress use different brain regions when processing emotional information. Patients who have adapted to their symptoms use more of the frontal lobe, a region critical for attention and impulse control.
Researchers at Disney Research developed an efficient method to collect and filter video pixels from multiple frames, enabling deblurring, denoising, and object removal. This technique uses scene-space processing to compensate for 3-D inaccuracies in real-world videos.
A new study finds that US consumers prefer to buy meat labeled as originating from the US due to perceptions of safety and taste. However, retailer-provided information about equivalent standards in other countries can increase acceptance of international products.
Researchers found that during high suspense moments, the brain narrows visual attention to focus on the story, while less suspenseful moments broaden attention to surroundings. The study discovered an ebb and flow of brain activity in the calcarine sulcus, increasing processing of critical information.
Researchers question the brain's sparse coding mechanism, instead finding a large network of connections activated when we process impressions.
Researchers at Stanford University have created a computer that uses water droplets to process information, demonstrating universal logic gates and feedback. The system consists of tiny iron bars on glass slides that manipulate magnetic nanoparticles in water droplets, enabling precise control over physical matter.
Researchers found that native English speakers had difficulty recalling words spoken in a Korean accent, suggesting that understanding foreign accents may reduce information processing capacity. The study's results have implications for communication strategies in settings like schools and hospitals.
Researchers build programmable DNA-based processor that calculates shortest routes on a map of six locations, offering cost- and time-savings over other DNA-based computers. The system may also help scientists understand the brain's internal GPS mechanism.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that touch-sensing neurons integrate position and touch information as soon as it reaches the brain, challenging long-held views on how this is done. This integration enables complex sensory processing and informs efforts to improve prosthetic limbs.
The NIH has awarded a $2.4 million grant to investigate how synaptic vesicle activity modulates auditory information transfer and impacts sound perception. Dr. Samuel Young's lab aims to uncover new cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in early stages of hearing.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz successfully investigated the dynamics of small magnetic whirls called skyrmions, which can store energy even after external excitation is stopped. This discovery has significant implications for future magnetic data storage and information processing.
Phishers use information-rich emails with graphics, logos, and brand markers to create a sense of social presence, reducing distrust and provoking heuristic processing. This study found that such messages triggered a victimization rate of 68% among participants.
A team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a population of neurons that can process multiple behaviors at once, blurring the lines of specialization. This finding raises questions about how information is encoded in the brain and may lead to new approaches in understanding cognition and mental disorders.
New research finds that less-numerate investors are more susceptible to style and presentation effects of social responsibility reports, potentially leading to unintended judgments. Companies can design CSR reports with a uniform approach to project strategy, aligning text and graphics to convey information effectively.
Researchers have discovered a new family of hexagonal rare earth ferrites that exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism simultaneously. This phenomenon enables the magnetoelectric memory effect, which could significantly improve energy efficiency in information storage and processing.
A new study reveals that bats process complex spatial information by dynamically adapting their brain maps to external factors. By enhancing neuronal signals for objects in close proximity, bats can magnify the appearance of nearby obstacles, enabling them to navigate safely.
A new study suggests that using multiple perspectives in ads can have negative effects on consumer processing, leading to difficulty in forming a story and negative evaluations. Brands should use care when placing both pictures and imagery instructions in the same ad.
Researchers at Jena University developed a molecular computer based on sugar molecules, enabling the processing of complex information through chemical reactions. The 'sugar computer' uses fluorescent dye and quencher to process signals, with a demonstrated ability to solve simple calculations within 40 minutes.
A new study by Concordia University researchers shows that even with mental overload, the brain can automatically detect changes in blur across the visual environment. This finding challenges previous theories on the detection of blurred sight and has implications for daily tasks like driving.
A new study finds that too many product photos can lead to visual homogenization, reducing the ability to discern one product from another. Taking a mental break and returning to the shopping cart for a final decision may be an effective way to overcome this effect.
A study published in Psychological Science found that taking notes by hand is more effective for remembering conceptual information over the long term than using laptops. Longhand note takers tend to engage in more processing and select more important information, leading to better study outcomes. In contrast, laptop note takers often ...
Research in zebrafish reveals that loss of brain asymmetry can significantly impact sensory processing. The study found that reversed brain asymmetry resulted in functional changes to habenular neurons, while double-sided brains lacked responsiveness to certain stimuli.
Researchers found that girls' brains undergo a selective process called preferential detachment, preserving long-distance connections that integrate information. This process may explain why brain function improves during maturation in females.
Researchers at TUM developed a computer model of acoustic coding in the inner ear and neuronal information processing by the brain stem, allowing for improved coding strategies and faster testing of new devices. This advancement has the potential to significantly reduce development cycles and provide better hearing outcomes for patients.
A study by researchers from Duke University found that exposure to multiple brands with different personalities can make a focal brand seem more distinctive. Consumers are more likely to buy Mountain Dew when it's paired with a dissimilar brand like Honda, especially at faster-than-normal commercial speeds.