Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study of 2,214 patients found that high-dose clopidogrel did not reduce the risk of nonfatal heart attack, stent thrombosis, or cardiovascular death compared to standard-dose therapy. The treatment strategy for patients with high platelet reactivity remains undefined.
The Genetic RIsk Prediction Studies (GRIPS) Statement provides a checklist to enhance the transparency of study reporting in genetic risk prediction studies. This will improve the synthesis and application of information from multiple studies, increasing consistency and accuracy in clinical practice.
A meta-analysis of nine previous studies found that quitting smoking shortly before surgery was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Stopping smoking up to eight weeks before surgery did not show a beneficial or detrimental effect on outcomes compared to continued smoking.
A new Johns Hopkins study suggests that older, less expensive medications like metformin can be just as effective in controlling type 2 diabetes as newer, more expensive options. The research also found that metformin was associated with fewer side effects, including weight gain and cholesterol level increases.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that if eligible patients filled prescriptions through a $4 generic drug program, the societal savings could amount to nearly $6 billion. The study examined a large group of people who used generic medications or their brand-name counterparts and found that less than 6% used the discount programs.
A recent study by a team of investigators found that financial conflicts-of-interest are being hidden in published drug research through meta-analyses, which combine results from multiple individual trials. The study highlighted the lack of transparency in reporting funding sources and author-industry ties in these analyses.
Experts Jonathan Kimmelman and Alex John London argue that researchers predict success of interventions too optimistically in early stages of drug development. They suggest looking at past experiences and minimizing biases to improve estimates.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center are testing a gene therapy product called CERE-120 to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The treatment involves delivering the human gene for neuturin directly to degenerating dopamine neurons in the brain.
A recent study published in the European Heart Journal found that women are underutilized of guideline-recommended treatments for heart disease compared to men. The disparity is attributed to various factors including age, congestive heart failure, and physician decision-making.
A review of medical studies confirms that social and emotional context of the doctor-patient relationship are crucial for healthcare outcomes. Effective communication, like in aviation, is critical to safety and success in medicine.
A new study found that 5a-reductase inhibitors can produce persistent erectile dysfunction, depression, and loss of libido in men, even after discontinuing the medication. Researchers urge patients and doctors to discuss these issues openly and assess the risk-benefit ratio prior to treatment.
A new NIH study aims to determine the risks and benefits of early antiretroviral treatment in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals with high CD4 counts. The study will compare immediate treatment to deferred treatment until CD4 counts fall below 350 cells/mm³.
Researchers presented studies on preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in infants and the strain characteristics of transmitted strains, with implications for future vaccine strategies. A study found that post-exposure prophylaxis with a two- or three-antiretroviral-drug regimen is more effective than zidovudine alone, while a...
A Dartmouth HIV/AIDS study found that a protease inhibitor was working better than nevirapine among infants with no previous exposure to the popular anti-retroviral. The treatment could turn treatment 'on its head' in resource-limited countries, where cheaper alternatives are often preferred.
A new Harvard School of Public Health study found that adults who regularly take ibuprofen have a lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The researchers analyzed data from nearly 99,000 women and 37,000 men, finding that ibuprofen use was associated with a 38% reduced risk of Parkinson's disease.
Men taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) three times a day are 2.4 times more likely to develop erectile dysfunction compared to non-users, according to a Kaiser Permanente study. Regular NSAID use is associated with a modest risk of ED, consistent across all age groups.
Researchers propose collaborative clinical trials to revitalize the US research engine, cutting time and costs while increasing approved treatments. The approach involves companies sharing costs to test new therapies or devices, promising safer and more effective treatments sooner.
Research suggests ibuprofen may protect against Parkinson's disease by targeting a specific receptor in the brain. Taking ibuprofen regularly reduced the risk of developing the disease by 38%, according to the study published in Neurology.
A new Northwestern Medicine study shows that standardized medicine prescriptions into doses at four clearly identified periods of day, can improve health outcomes for older patients. The study found that low health literacy was the greatest predictor of patients taking their medications more times per day.
The Aetna Foundation has funded a two-year study at Boston University School of Medicine to examine the root causes of obesity among African-American women. The study aims to identify small changes individuals can make and policy-level changes that can impact weight gain and obesity.
A study found that older adults are willing to take cardiovascular disease prevention medications if the benefits outweigh the risks. However, many participants were unwilling or uncertain about taking medications with mild adverse effects, highlighting the need for emphasis on both benefits and harms in clinical guidelines.
A study found that patients with low health literacy are more likely to incorrectly administer prescription medications, leading to worse health outcomes. The researchers concluded that standardized instructions and task-centered strategies could help improve adherence.
A Phase II trial found that tenofovir gel achieved a more than 100-times higher concentration of active drug in vaginal tissue compared to the oral tablet. Most US women preferred the oral tablet, while African women favored the gel and tablet equally. The study's findings will be better understood in the context of VOICE results.
Experts propose a six-point plan for the safe production and use of Kava, including the use of high-quality material, rigorous research, and quality control systems. The framework aims to address concerns over liver problems and ensure only safe consumption of Kava globally.
A review of 19 studies on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in maternity care found diverse attitudes among healthcare professionals. While many have a positive view of CAM, there is a need for formal evidence-based education and guidance on its use.
A team of researchers has found that tansy may be a potential treatment for herpes due to its anti-viral properties. The study revealed that compounds such as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and axillarin contribute to the plant's supposed antiviral activity.
The McKesson Foundation has awarded $1.3 million in Mobilizing for Health Research grants to six U.S. institutions to study the use of mobile technology in diabetes care and management. The studies aim to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs through innovative mobile health solutions.
Researchers found that the use of tifacogin did not improve mortality rates or reduce adverse events in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. The study's results suggest that anti-clotting therapies may not be effective in preventing organ failure and improving outcomes for this patient population.
A recent review by Dr. Rany Shamloul reveals a potential link between cannabis use and negative impacts on male sexual health and performance. Cannabis may have an antagonizing effect on receptors in the penis, making it harder to achieve and maintain erections.
A Northwestern University study found that over one-third of paid caregivers struggled with reading and understanding health-related information, while 60% made errors when sorting medications. The study aims to develop standardized tests to evaluate caregiver skills and improve senior care.
A mega-analysis of brain imaging data found that individuals with bipolar disorder who took lithium had increased hippocampal and amygdala volumes compared to those not taking the medication. Lithium treatment also restored cerebral volume reductions associated with longer illness duration.
A new study by the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan Health System found that peer support programs reduce symptoms of depression better than traditional care alone. These programs, which involve patients and volunteers sharing information, were also as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy.
Young, uninsured, or Medicare Part D participants face challenges affording medications after stroke, leading to increased risk of future strokes and cardiovascular disease. The study highlights the need for healthcare professionals to screen for cost-related barriers and improve access to affordable medications for post-stroke patients.
Despite government prescription coverage, many young, uninsured, and Medicare Part D beneficiaries struggle to afford medications due to rising costs. Researchers found that nearly half of those enrolled in Medicare Part D reported difficulty affording their medications, with significantly higher rates among younger survivors.
Preladenant significantly reduces off time and increases on time without worsening dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease patients. The study found that preladenant may offer a new supplemental treatment option for patients experiencing 'wearing off' symptoms from levodopa therapy.
Researchers analyzed hospital records from 437 patients diagnosed with mild ischemic stroke, finding that treating them with a proven clot-busting drug could reduce the number of disabled patients by 2,176-3,761 per year. This treatment approach has the potential to save an estimated $200 million annually in disability costs.
A recent study by researchers at the University of California - San Diego suggests that medication education is a key factor in helping patients with diabetes stick to their drug treatment plans. Counseling opportunities can be more effective if pharmacists understand individual patient motivations and provide tailored advice.
A pharmacist-directed anticoagulation service improved the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in patients. Patients treated by the service responded to alternative anticoagulant drugs three times faster, and were 32% more likely to receive proper dosing.
A team of researchers at the University of Gothenburg has identified an enzyme called GGTase-I that, when blocked, can lead to chronic inflammation and joint destruction in mice. The study suggests that GGTase-I plays a crucial role in suppressing RAC1 activity, which is behind the development of inflammatory disorders.
The use of second-generation antipsychotic medications in dementia patients began to decline significantly in 2003, years before a FDA 'black box' warning was issued. This drop in medication use is attributed to emerging understanding of the increased risk of diabetes and stroke associated with these medications.
A recent study found that more than half of clinical trials exclude people based on their age or age-related conditions. This exclusion leaves healthcare providers in the dark when determining which treatment will best serve their patients.
A combination of IPTc and insecticide-treated bednets can substantially reduce the incidence of severe malaria in children, with a protective efficacy of up to 70%. IPTc also reduced the prevalence of malaria infection at the end of the transmission season by 73%.
In a phase II trial, fostamatinib disodium, an oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, failed to demonstrate efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had not responded to biologic agents. However, the drug was found to be safe and showed promise in subgroups of patients with elevated C-reactive protein levels.
Researchers are calling for a shift in focus towards prevention, but current therapies targeting brain plaques may be less effective in patients already experiencing symptoms. Developing biomarkers to identify pre-symptomatic volunteers could help test Alzheimer's drugs more effectively.
A new study found that 72% of patients in early-phase cancer trials accurately understood the trial purpose, but exhibited unrealistic optimism in response to specific questions. This bias may interfere with applying information realistically and compromise informed consent.
The study highlights the risk of dosing errors in pediatric medication, particularly with potent narcotics and sedatives. Researchers found that over a quarter of children studied experienced errors resulting from small volume stock solutions.
A nationwide trial is evaluating the real-world advantages and disadvantages of quetiapine, a widely prescribed second generation antipsychotic mood stabilizing medication, compared to lithium, the gold standard mood stabilizer. The study aims to uncover differences in risks of adverse effects, costs, and adherence to treatment.
Key figures in global health argue that medical publishers must provide free access to all of their journals in low-income countries, including Bangladesh. The Lancet editorial supports this call and advocates for universal free access to critical knowledge in the 42 countries with low human development.
The drug tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce the risk of death in trauma patients with severe bleeding by 10%, potentially saving over 70,000 lives each year. TXA reduces clot breakdown and has few side effects, making it a promising treatment option for civilian and military settings.
A new Cochrane Systematic Review questions the benefits of statins in people with no previous history of heart disease. Statin use should be prescribed with caution in those at low risk of cardiovascular disease, as the absolute numbers of people who benefit are lower.
Researchers found that Medicare covers only one out of 15 USPSTF-recommended interventions for adults aged 65 years and older. Meanwhile, they reimburse clinicians partially or fully for services not recommended by the task force, potentially increasing medical costs. Additionally, the authors suggest that tailored preventive messages ...
Researchers have identified a potential treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by switching the state of macrophages to a reparative state. This approach aims to stop ongoing inflammation and improve lung repair capabilities.
A study found that patients with lower kidney function had lower long-term adherence rates for three major heart medications, increasing the risk of hospitalization and death. Medication non-adherence was significantly lower for patients who had lower levels of kidney function at the beginning of the study.
The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatric Society's updated guidelines for preventing falls in older adults emphasize the importance of exercise, such as tai chi or physical therapy, to reduce fall risk. The guidelines also recommend environmental adaptations, medication reduction, and cataract surgery where necessary.
A recent heart attack study found that patients with lower kidney function have poor medication adherence, with only 50-60% of prescribed medications taken over three years. This highlights the need for targeted strategies to improve medication adherence in this high-risk population.
A study by the University of Colorado at Boulder found that older adults taking zolpidem are significantly more likely to experience balance problems and cognitive impairments. Younger adults also showed significant cognitive impacts from sleep inertia, highlighting a need for further research on this topic.
A new study published in The Lancet shows that starting treatment with two medicines instead of one produces better and faster results, and fewer side effects. This challenges popular medical practice and could change clinical practice worldwide.
A new oral anticoagulant agent, Apixaban, has been found to be more effective and easier to use than current medicines in preventing blood clots after hip replacement surgery. The study involved over 5,000 patients and showed Apixaban reduced the risk of blood clots without increasing bleeding side effects.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have developed new methods to identify diagnostic markers for allergic disorders by analyzing medical databases. These methods could reduce the need for animal trials and personalize medication, leading to more efficient clinical studies.
A BRNI study reveals underlying causes of Alzheimer's degeneration and identifies promising pharmaceutical solutions by normalizing the Alzheimer's brain. Treatments that target synapse growth and preservation have shown to prevent disease progression, shifting focus from amyloid plaques.