Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The University of Illinois Center for One Health Illinois is tackling the gap in surveillance by recruiting experts to build a system for sharing environmental and health data. The center has funded several small-scale research projects and is seeking to fund new studies that integrate human, animal, agricultural, and ecosystem health.
New studies on carbon nanotubes indicate they are at least 117 times stronger than steel and 30 times stronger than Kevlar, expanding commercial and industrial applications.
New findings from a major drug trial have revealed that the platelet function in patients taking ticagrelor recovered much quicker after the drug is stopped, compared to clopidogrel. Additionally, ticagrelor has been shown to prevent 1 in 5 deaths after a heart attack, even in patients with adverse effects like breathlessness.
A safety study in 60 stroke patients found minocycline well-tolerated even at three-and-one-half times the dose currently used. The researchers aim to find a dose that can be given easily, regardless of weight, and reduce stroke damage in multiple ways.
A pilot study suggests pioglitazone is well-tolerated and may be a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Peripheral edema was the main adverse event, but no significant treatment effect on clinical efficacy was observed.
A new study published in The Lancet Neurology suggests that cilostazol is at least as effective as aspirin in preventing secondary strokes, but with significantly less major bleeding. The trial involved 2757 patients and found a 26% reduced risk of stroke compared to aspirin.
Researchers at Northwestern University and Duke University will study opportunities for improving the FDA's 510(k) product review process and examine the lifetime benefits of implantable devices. The studies aim to build evidence-based policy and improve patient outcomes.
A recent survey found that most Oregon hospices have limited participation in the Death with Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill patients to request physician-assisted death. Hospices' role is largely confined to providing neutral information about the law, leaving patients to seek assistance from physicians themselves.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that massage alters the immune response in healthy adults, decreasing stress hormones and increasing white blood cell counts. The study, which involved 53 participants, showed significant changes in lymphocyte numbers and percentages.
The Southwest Oncology Group has selected five young investigators to attend a three-day workshop in Seattle, where they will receive intensive training on designing and conducting cancer clinical trials. The YITC program provides mentorship and career support to promising researchers.
The UCSF team will receive two grants totaling $15.1 million over five years to expand their research into how genes affect medication response. The goal is to pave the way for personalized medication, allowing for safer and more effective treatment.
Children exposed to nevirapine at birth who achieved viral suppression later switched to nevirapine showed better virologic suppression compared to those on protease inhibitors. This could lead to cost savings and improved adherence in low-resource settings.
A systematic review of available evidence finds that pharmaceutical and alternative medicines offer limited relief from morning sickness in pregnancy. Despite a lack of conclusive results, some studies suggest potential benefits from ginger, vitamin B6, and acustimulation.
A study published in JAMA found that gemcitabine was not superior to fluorouracil plus folinic acid in terms of overall survival for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. The study included 1,088 patients and showed no significant difference in survival estimates between the treatment groups.
A new study found that higher education is associated with improved cardiovascular health outcomes in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking rates unexpectedly increased with greater education level among women in these regions.
Acamprosate reduces the number of patients returning to drinking and increases abstinence days by an average of three days a month. The drug has been shown to be safe and effective as an additional treatment for alcoholism, offering moderate benefits in trials.
Researchers found that ezlopitant, a compound known for suppressing alcohol craving, also decreases consumption of sweetened water in rodents, suggesting a link between addiction and compulsive eating. The study suggests that the NK1 receptor may be a target for addressing pathological food addiction.
A new molecular test has been shown to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and detect drug-resistant bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity. The Xpert MTB/RIF TB test successfully identified 98% of confirmed TB cases and patients with rifampin-resistant bacteria in under two hours.
New research finds Hispanic middle school students are more likely to smoke, drink or use marijuana compared to peers from other races and ethnicities. Asian students, on the other hand, have the lowest rates of substance use, with personal factors like respect for parents and lower peer pressure playing a key role in their lower risk.
A study found that up to 86% of people in low- and middle-income countries would be pushed into poverty if they purchased life-saving medicines. Generic versions of these medicines are generally more affordable than originator brand products.
Researchers found that standard dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) added to fondaparinux maintains a low rate of major bleeding and prevents catheter thrombosis. The study suggests that standard dose UFH may be the optimal treatment strategy in PCI patients on fondaparinux.
A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) can effectively treat adults with major depressive disorders who do not respond to antidepressant medication. The supplement was well-tolerated and improved measures of depression and remission rates compared to a placebo.
A home-based intervention targeting modifiable stressors improved outcomes for patients with dementia and their caregivers at 4 months, but not at 9 months. The COPE program boosted functionality, reduced caregiver burden, and enhanced well-being.
The AVERROES study found that apixaban was superior to aspirin for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, with a relative risk reduction of over 50% and a small increase in bleeding risk. The study's results will reduce the burden of stroke in society.
A survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Association of Finnish Pharmacies found that pharmacists' free professional services saved €565 million per year in Finland. This includes reducing 6.2 million general practitioner visits, 750,000 emergency visits, and 123,000 hospital nights.
Quebec's lead on publicly funding smoking cessation pharmacotherapies could benefit all Canadians, with a potential gain of 1.9 million life-years. Full financial reimbursement significantly improves abstinence rates and extends the lifespan of former smokers.
A study found that multiple sclerosis lesions appeared two to three times higher in spring and summer months compared to other seasons. Warmer temperatures and solar radiation were linked to increased disease activity.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine contradicts earlier reports that people with a certain genetic make-up don't benefit from the blood-thinner clopidogrel. Researchers found that the gene variant previously thought to be associated with reduced effectiveness had no impact on patients taking clopidogrel.
The analysis of the RELY trial found that local standards of care significantly affect the benefits of switching to new treatments, particularly for stroke prevention. In centers with poor INR quality control, dabigatran showed greater advantages over warfarin in preventing stroke and cardiovascular events.
The Lancet Editorial highlights the poor record of Alzheimer's drug trials, citing issues with inaccurate animal models and poor methodology. The best time to treat Alzheimer's may be before memory loss occurs, but this is challenging to model in animals.
A phase 1 clinical trial showed that PLX4032 significantly shrinks tumors in over 80% of patients with metastatic melanoma and the mutated BRAF gene. The drug has also improved quality of life by reducing symptoms such as pain and fatigue within a week.
A study published in JAMA found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improved ADHD symptoms in adults who received medication, with greater improvement and higher responder rates compared to relaxation support. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed positive and sustained effects on ADHD symptoms.
A new study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly improved symptom control in adult ADHD patients taking medication. The skills-based approach taught patients how to cope with attention problems and manage symptoms more effectively.
Researchers have identified two effective treatments for neuroblastoma in mice using existing medications DECA-14 and rapamycin. The study used cancer stem cells directly isolated from children's tumors to test the drugs' efficacy without harming healthy cells.
A recent study by the University of Michigan Health System found that black patients are prescribed fewer pain medications than whites, while women receive weaker doses. The research highlights racial and gender gaps in pain care and suggests changes are needed to address these disparities starting in primary care.
A recent study by Donald Light reveals that the pharmaceutical industry prioritizes profits over patient safety, with many drugs offering little new benefit and significant risks. The study highlights flaws in the regulatory process, including incomplete clinical trials and biased testing, which can lead to serious harm to patients.
The CRESCENDO study found that rimonabant increased gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, and serious psychiatric side-effects compared to placebo. The primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred at similar rates in both groups.
A new study found that expensive brand-name medications for high blood pressure are no better than generic diuretics in preventing cardiovascular disease. The ALLHAT trial, which followed patients with high blood pressure for eight to 13 years, showed that the diuretic was superior in two measures: stroke death rate and hospitalization...
A new trial shows that administering tranexamic acid to patients with recent, severe bleeding injuries can reduce death rates without increasing adverse effects. The study estimates that up to 100,000 deaths could be prevented annually worldwide.
A new study found that about 75% of stroke patients continued taking their prescribed medications to prevent a second stroke three months after discharge. However, nearly 20% of patients stopped taking one or more of their medications due to various factors such as understanding and financial hardships.
A study found that improved Medicare Part D coverage led to an increase in antibiotic use among older adults, especially for broader-spectrum antibiotics. This suggests that reimbursement may play a role in addressing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and use.
Research led by UNC studies found that corporal punishment is prevalent globally, with 79% of preschool children in the US and varying rates in other countries. Harsh physical discipline was epidemic in all communities, and mothers with fewer education years were more likely to use physical punishment.
Researchers developed a specialized CPOE system to alert doctors to potentially hazardous medications for older hospital inpatients. The system resulted in a significant decrease of 20% in orders for flagged medications, highlighting its potential to reduce adverse drug events and improve care for vulnerable elderly patients.
A recent Stanford University School of Medicine study found that physicians are losing ground in prescribing recommended medications for treating congestive heart failure. The use of ACE-inhibitors and beta blockers has declined since the early 2000s, with only about one-third of patients receiving these life-saving treatments.
A new antiviral drug has shown significant promise in treating hepatitis C, particularly in patients with genotype 1, the most difficult to treat. Adding the drug nearly doubled the treatment's effectiveness when given for 48 weeks.
A recent study published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found no evidence that antidepressants can treat autistic spectrum disorders in children. In fact, the medication may cause serious harm due to the small number of trials conducted and varying assessment methods.
Two studies found that infliximab and certolizumab pegol can effectively maintain remission of Crohn's disease for up to 18 months. Continuous therapy was more effective than interrupted therapy in preventing disease recurrence. Lower doses of infliximab also showed promise in maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity.
Icatibant blocks bradykinin, a protein that dilates blood vessels and produces HAE symptoms. The drug produced faster symptom relief than the comparison drug in two phase 3 trials.
A large trial found that B vitamin supplements did not reduce the risk of subsequent vascular events in patients who had a recent stroke or ischemic attack. Despite lowering homocysteine levels, B vitamins were not effective in preventing non-fatal strokes, heart attacks, or vascular deaths.
A study published in CMAJ found that revascularization procedures in elderly patients after a heart attack decreased one-year mortality rates from 48.4% to 30%. The use of invasive cardiac procedures and recommended medications increased, contributing to improved survival rates.
A single ketamine dose significantly reduces depressive symptoms within 40 minutes in patients with bipolar disorder who have not responded to other treatments. Approximately 71% of participants experienced a response to ketamine, highlighting its potential as a rapid-acting therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar depression.
Researchers evaluated the long-term effects of low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets on weight loss, serum lipid concentrations, and bone mineral density. Both groups achieved significant weight loss, but the low-carb diet produced greater increases in plasma HDL cholesterol concentration.
A comprehensive review of 546 clinical trials found industry-funded trials reporting positive outcomes 85% of the time, compared to 50% for government-funded and 72% for non-profit funded trials. The researchers call for greater transparency in study protocols to reduce bias and publication bias.
A recent study found that departures from trial protocols were more common for earlier-enrolled patients, with queries and protocol deviations increasing as enrollment frequency decreased. Simulation programs can help address these issues prior to subject enrollment.
A Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research study found that participants who logged on to an interactive weight management website consistently maintained the most weight loss. Those who used the site at least once a month for two-and-a-half years kept off an average of nine pounds of their original weight loss.
The FDA has accepted historical controls for epilepsy monotherapy studies, allowing patients to receive promising AEDs at effective doses. This design reduces the need for placebo/pseudo-placebo trials and makes the study more attractive to patients and physicians.
Researchers are testing Lexiscan, a pharmacologic stress agent, in a multicenter clinical trial to reduce inflammation in sickle cell disease. The trial aims to improve symptoms such as pain and breathing problems, which can be fatal.
A completed clinical trial found that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy significantly improved symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients who had failed traditional treatments. Eighty percent of trial participants no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, with notable improvements in workability and emotional regulation.
A study published by the American Society of Nephrology found that corticosteroid treatment can prevent or delay loss of kidney function in patients with IgA nephropathy. The addition of an immunosuppressant drug, such as azathioprine, did not provide additional benefits.
The largest study of its kind has released its first results, providing a wealth of information on how genetic mutations affect cancer responses to treatments. The research aims to improve patient care by tailoring treatment to individual tumour characteristics.