Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A series of reports find that proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of fractures in postmenopausal women, bacterial infections in many patients, and higher doses do not provide additional benefits for treating bleeding ulcers. Introducing guidelines for proton pump inhibitor use may reduce inappropriate prescriptions.
A recent study found that almost 50% of medication discrepancies are related to a failure to understand all prescription medications at the time of hospital admission. Presenting medication lists can significantly reduce medication errors, with 85% of errors originating from patients' medication histories.
A small trial of bone marrow stem cell therapy in patients with MS found the procedure to be well-tolerated and suggested potential benefits. The study's results, published in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, provide a promising lead for further research into this emerging treatment option.
Researchers at Duke Clinical Research Institute found that telaprevir significantly improves response rates in patients with difficult-to-treat hepatitis C cases. The study also suggests a potential link between aspirin use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease.
The new Canadian practice guideline addresses improper use of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain management. The guideline provides recommendations for safe and effective opioid therapy, with a focus on risk stratification, patient selection, and monitoring.
Researchers confirm rifaximin antibiotic provides long-lasting relief of IBS symptoms, including bloating and abdominal pain. The study suggests targeted antibiotics can effectively treat IBS by altering gut bacteria.
A new study suggests that magnetic stimulation therapy produced significant antidepressant effects in a subgroup of treatment-resistant patients, with remission rates of 14% compared to 5%. The treatment has few side effects and may be an effective alternative for those who don't respond to current medications.
The experimental immunosuppressive drug belatacept has been shown to better preserve kidney function and prevent graft rejection in kidney transplant recipients. A two-year study of the BENEFIT trial found that patient and graft survival rates were similar among the belatacept, cyclosporine, and control groups.
Nearly 85% of teens in a study would have overdosed on acetaminophen if given the option, despite 60% having never heard of it. Limited health literacy increases this risk even further.
A study of 79,036 participants found that Lp-PLA2 enzyme levels were associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and early death. The magnitude of this risk was comparable to that due to high blood pressure or bad cholesterol.
LA BioMed researchers created a collaborative team mentored approach to learning for assessing medical teaching methods. This new model enables large-scale studies to measure the effectiveness of educational programs, ultimately improving patient safety and medical outcomes.
A daily dose of specific vitamin E significantly improved NASH features in adults, while Actos showed promise but was associated with weight gain. Researchers acknowledge the need for long-term treatment and monitoring to assess benefits and risks.
A nationwide study found that treating diabetic macular edema with ranibizumab eye injections, plus laser treatment if needed, results in better vision than laser treatment alone. At the one-year follow-up, nearly 50% of patients had substantial improvement in vision.
Researchers analyzed medical records of over 239,000 women to find no significant difference in preeclampsia, preterm birth, or other complications. The study suggests that commonly used medications can be safely administered during pregnancy.
Researchers found that individuals with high competitiveness and sensitivity to rewards perform better without a monetary incentive, relying on 'proactive cognitive control' to guide their actions. Brain scans revealed changes in lateral prefrontal cortex activity linked to extra behavioral benefits.
Nurses who are interrupted while administering medication appear to have an increased risk of making medication errors. Interruptions during task preparation and administration contribute to inefficiency and errors, according to a report in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
A recent investigation found that 125 out of 940 completed clinical trials for acute ischemic stroke were not published in full, with some trials involving fewer than 10 patients. The study highlights the importance of publishing trial results to ensure patient safety and inform clinical practice.
A new antimalarial combination therapy, pyronaridine-artesunate, has been shown to be as effective as the current gold standard treatment, artemether-lumefantrine, but requires only once-daily dosing. The study found high clinical and parasitological response rates and rapid parasite clearance in patients with uncomplicated malaria.
A new study published in The Lancet found that injected liraglutide is more effective than oral sitagliptin at controlling blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate control on standard treatment metformin. Liraglutide was well tolerated with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.
A new study by University of Iowa researchers suggests that patient-physician compatibility affects adherence to doctor's orders and even a patient's health status. When doctors and patients share similar attitudes on control, patients do better in managing their conditions.
Researchers developed a novel statistical model to guide targeted therapies based on molecular signatures in tumor biopsies, showing promising results in treating stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. The study found that four drugs targeting specific molecular pathways led to improved disease control and overall survival.
A study found that patients report 20 times more side effects from depression medication than psychiatrists record in charts. The researchers suggest using a self-administered patient questionnaire to improve recognition of side effects.
Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine present studies on a potential new drug for multiple sclerosis and surprising trends showing reduced disease severity. The studies found that teriflunomide was safe and effective as part of combination therapy, reducing lesion size and volume in the brain.
A new investigational treatment, DMQ, has been shown to effectively control pseudobulbar affect (PBA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study found a significant improvement in test scores after 12 weeks of treatment.
An analysis suggests that the use of gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, and valproate may be associated with an increased risk of suicidal acts. The study found a higher risk of suicide attempts or violent deaths in patients taking these medications compared to topiramate.
A study at the Buck Institute for Age Research found that drugs promoting neurogenesis can lessen the severity of stroke and improve function in rodents. The researchers suggest these drugs, including antidepressants and mood stabilizers, may be suitable for human clinical trials to explore their potential benefits.
Autism Speaks has awarded 16 new research grants totaling $5.2 million over three years to advance autism science and advocacy. The grants focus on early detection, underlying biological processes, and targeted treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
A $3.7 million clinical trial will evaluate customized warfarin dosage based on patient genetics to balance blood clotting risks and benefits in orthopedic patients. The study aims to identify the optimal range of blood clotting speed, using genetic formulas to refine warfarin dosing.
Two new studies show that Transcendental Meditation significantly reduces depressive symptoms in African Americans and Native Hawaiians aged 55+, with an average reduction of 48% in those with clinically significant depression. The findings have important implications for improving mental health and reducing cardiovascular risk.
Researchers found that telaprevir, combined with standard treatment, cures a significantly higher number of difficult-to-treat patients than standard treatment alone. The addition of telaprevir eliminated hepatitis C in over 50 percent of patients who had shown no response to previous treatment.
Group Health's patient-centered IT approach results in high patient satisfaction and efficient communication with providers. Evaluations show patients value secure e-mail, phone, and online services for better care.
A recent study published in JAMA found that withdrawing methotrexate treatment after 12 months of remission does not reduce the risk of relapse in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The study also identified a biomarker, MRP8/14, that can predict flares and suggests adjusting treatment intensity to individual patient needs.
A double-blind randomized trial found no benefit of lithium in slowing ALS progression, contrary to initial promising results from a small pilot study. The trial involved 84 patients with ALS and showed that lithium plus riluzole did not slow disease progression more than riluzole alone.
Two clinical trials found SE5-OH with Natural S-equol to be safe and well-tolerated in both pre- and post-menopausal women, with no significant impact on reproductive hormones or menstrual cycle length. The supplement showed promise in reducing hot flashes in post-menopausal women.
Spinal cord injuries affect approximately 12,000 people annually and 259,000 Americans currently live with long-lasting SCI. A new study suggests that a multidisciplinary approach is most likely to achieve results in treating spinal cord injuries, leveraging expertise from several fields.
Researchers found that behavioral incentives improved attention and reduced impulsivity in children with ADHD, normalizing brain activity similar to that of control groups. Medication had the most significant effect, but combining it with rewards and incentives boosted its benefits.
Researchers develop a pill system that signals ingestion, aiming to improve medication adherence and enhance clinical trials. The system consists of a biocompatible antenna and microchip that communicates with an electronic device via extremely low-voltage electricity.
A study found that women taking oral contraceptive pills had significantly fewer recurring ovarian cysts after surgery. Long-term treatment appears to be key to preventing endometrioma recurrence, suggesting a change in clinical practice.
Research from North Carolina State University finds that daily behavior changes significantly impact medication remembering, particularly in older and younger adults. Young people remember to take their medication more when they're busier, while older adults do better on days when they're less busy.
A review of 1098 studies found that pregnant women are more likely to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the left side, particularly in the left leg. The study suggests that routine examination of the iliofemoral system may be prudent when diagnosing DVT in pregnant patients.
A PLOS Medicine article highlights controversies surrounding animal experiments and their translation to human clinical trials. The study suggests that selective reporting in medical journals may create a false impression of treatment efficacy, leading to overstatement of benefits.
A recent study found that standard hepatitis C therapy is less effective in urban minority patients compared to clinical trials, with lower sustained viral response rates. Researchers attribute this disparity to the complex interaction of genetic variations, environmental factors, and health behaviors in these populations.
A new study led by UCSF researchers found that unusual femur fractures are extremely rare in patients with osteoporosis, even those taking bisphosphonates for extended periods. The study's findings provide context to reports of these fractures and highlight the importance of weighing treatment benefits against potential risks.
Scientists identified alternative routes for pharmaceuticals to enter the environment through bathing, showering, and laundering. These routes may lead to higher environmental impact for certain medications applied topically. Reducing consumption and developing better drug delivery systems can minimize environmental harm.
A study of nearly 100 early-stopped clinical trials found that many positive treatment effects were exaggerated. Researchers recommend continuing trials for longer periods to ensure accurate estimates of treatment effects.
A new Cochrane Systematic Review suggests that stomach wrap operations are more effective in reducing symptoms of severe acid reflux than acid suppression tablets. The study found significant improvement in symptoms shortly after surgery compared to drug treatment.
Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine identified potential heart problems in responders on-site at the World Trade Center collapse. They found impaired diastolic function, particularly in middle-aged men, which can lead to shortness of breath and heart failure.
A new review found that advance emergency contraception provision does not decrease pregnancy rates despite increased use and faster use after unprotected sex. Women with access to emergency contraception had similar rates of unintended pregnancy as those without it.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center and the University of Oxford conducted a study to find ways to control progression to diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people at risk. Valsartan showed a moderate effect on reducing diabetes progression, but nateglinide proved ineffective at halting this progression.
A University of Michigan study found that nearly 16.8% of eligible emergency visits from 2000-2006 involved potentially inappropriate medications for patients aged 65 and older. The top five most common PIMs were promethazine, ketorolac, propoxyphene, meperidine, and diphenhydramine.
A new NIH-funded clinical trial has found that ethosuximide is the most effective treatment for childhood absence epilepsy, with no intolerable side effects. The study enrolled 453 children and showed that ethosuximide and valproic acid were significantly more effective than lamotrigine in controlling seizures.
A Phase III clinical study published online in Epilepsia found that Vimpat (lacosamide) demonstrated significantly fewer partial-onset seizures versus placebo in adults living with epilepsy. The study showed that patients taking Vimpat had greater reductions in seizure frequency and a higher 50% responder rate compared to placebo.
A new treatment to restore brain cells damaged by stroke has passed the safety stage of a clinical trial led by UC Irvine neurologist Dr. Steven C. Cramer. Patients showed no ill effects after receiving sequential growth factors that encourage neuron creation in stroke-damaged areas of the brain.
Comparative effectiveness studies rarely examine the effects of nonpharmacologic interventions, cost-effectiveness, or safety. Most studies (87%) were funded by noncommercial entities, but only 10 included non-pharmacologic therapies in medication comparisons. Increased funding is necessary to support these studies.
A recent study published in Diabetes Care found that starting metformin treatment within three months of diabetes diagnosis significantly increases its effectiveness. This is the first real-world comparison of metformin failure rates and has important implications for newly diagnosed patients worldwide.
A study published in Nature Methods found that introducing as few as two controlled environmental variables to preclinical mice tests can significantly reduce costly false positives and the number of animals needed for testing. This approach challenges traditional standardization efforts in animal testing.
A hospitalist at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Dr. Alec B. O'Connor, is calling for more rigorous standards for drugs up for FDA approval. He argues that current guidelines do not require studies comparing a new drug's effectiveness and safety to an established first-line drug.
A randomized trial found that massage eased anxiety symptoms, similar to psychotherapy or medications, but not more effective than simple relaxation. The benefits of massage may be due to a generalized relaxation response.
A three-and-a-half-year study will enroll 400 patients to assess the safety of brain cooling in elderly stroke patients. The ICTuS 2 trial will use endovascular temperature modulation system and aims to improve outcomes after acute stroke.
A study published in Canadian Medical Association Journal found that collaborative care plans involving physicians and pharmacists have little clinical impact on managing lipid control in patients with high cholesterol. The study suggests that this approach may be effective for lifestyle changes, but not for significant clinical outcomes.