Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new medication that boosts endocannabinoids in the brain shows promise to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by enhancing fear extinction learning. The study found that participants who received the FAAH inhibitor remembered fear extinction memory better, offering hope for a new treatment.
A new study published in The BMJ found that SGLT2 inhibitors, commonly used for type 2 diabetes, reduce the risk of heart failure by 34% compared to another type of diabetes drug. The study also showed a 20% lower risk of death among patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors.
A proof-of-concept trial found ecopipam significantly reduced stuttering symptoms, including increased speech fluency and faster reading completion. The medication was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse effects or signals of weight gain or abnormal movement disorders.
A novel targeting strategy using a click reaction-assisted immune cell targeting (CRAIT) method enables deep tumor penetration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. This approach has shown promising results in reducing tumor burden in aggressive breast cancer models, offering new hope for cancer treatment.
A new study identified a transcriptional signature in B cells that correlates with protection from SIV or HIV infection in five independent trials of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. The gene expression signature was found to be associated with the only human HIV vaccine trial that previously showed modest efficacy, RV144.
New research reveals that 36% of post-market studies for pre-approved prescription drugs were not completed, with 50% taking an average of 5 years to begin. The study suggests that manufacturers lack incentive to complete these studies due to lax enforcement and high costs.
A study by UMass Amherst researcher Elizabeth Evans found that individuals who perceived buprenorphine as unacceptable were least likely to use the medication during follow-up. The study also identified common reasons people disliking buprenorphine, such as negative physical reactions and side effects.
Researchers found that frequent interruptions to sitting time with simple resistance activities lowered postprandial insulin responses and insulin:glucose in adults with overweight or obesity. An agent-based model also showed community diffusion strategies as key drivers of pediatric programs for childhood obesity prevention.
Researchers identify various disease mechanisms underlying progressive MS, highlighting the need for precise therapy approaches targeting different pathomechanisms. Financial obstacles, including patent expirations, also hinder the development of new drugs.
Researchers at Boston University School of Public Health found that patients who start long-term buprenorphine treatment before discharge from a short-term inpatient program are less likely to relapse and more likely to keep up treatment. This approach reduces the risk of overdose and improves outcomes for opioid users.
The CIRM grant will enable pre-investigational new drug studies for neural stem cells as a potential treatment for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, which can cause cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders. The project aims to protect at-risk brain cells and potentially restore balance to the injured region.
Stories undermine strong facts by disrupting people's ability to process information in an elaborated manner. When facts are weak, stories embedded within them lead to greater persuasion than facts alone, but when facts are strong, the opposite effect occurs.
The FDA approved a new minimally invasive open-heart surgery approach for low-surgical-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Baylor Scott & White has performed over 3,600 TAVRs and is a top-five provider nationally. This marks a significant shift towards catheter-based treatment options.
Children with mild asthma can effectively manage their condition by using inhalers when symptoms occur, reducing steroid medication use by almost 75%.
Research in flies reveals potential drug targets for gout, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and kidney stones by manipulating insulin-like signaling pathway. Elevated uric acid levels increase risk of these diseases, emphasizing the importance of routine screenings in humans.
A recent study found that fewer than eight per cent of cancer drug trials included participation from all four major races in the US between 2008 and 2018. Black and Hispanic patients were particularly underrepresented, with rates of 22 per cent and 44 per cent respectively.
Researchers have identified a combination of treatments that may be more powerful than current therapy alone for children with Ewing sarcoma. The new approach combines FAK inhibitors with aurora kinase B targets to kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor progression.
Researchers at USF's Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research have developed a novel treatment for age-related hearing loss, combining aldosterone supplements with anti-inflammatory medications. The treatment has shown promising results in pre-clinical trials on mice, slowing down or preventing age-linked hearing impairment.
The study examined 3,368 medical aid in dying prescriptions from Oregon (1998-2017) and Washington (2009-2017), finding that most patients were insured, non-Hispanic white individuals with cancer. The primary reasons for pursuing medical aid in dying were loss of autonomy, impaired quality of life, and loss of dignity.
A new study demonstrates that antiviral drugs for hepatitis C reduce liver-related deaths by nearly 50% in patients with a history of liver cancer. The finding reverses prior misconceptions about the relationship between hepatitis C and liver cancer recurrence.
Researchers have invented an affordable solution to measure tremor in mice using a smartphone, potentially leading to new treatments. The method uses a cage with rubber bands and a mounted smartphone to detect vibrations, producing comparable results to expensive equipment.
Researchers found tens of thousands of new protein families, likely involved in intercellular communication and warfare, among others. These small proteins may serve as new antibiotics or drugs for human use.
A study of 8,183 TRICARE patients found no significant differences in quality-of-care metrics between African American and white patients following coronary artery bypass grafting. The results suggest that universal insurance and equal-access healthcare systems may be eradicating racial disparities in care.
A review of clinical trials published in top psychology and psychiatry journals found that more than half of the abstracts contained 'spin' - exaggerating the clinical significance of a particular treatment without statistics to back it up. This practice raises concerns about its impact on doctors' treatment decisions.
Researchers have developed an artificial human eye replica, the blinking eye-on-a-chip, to model dry eye disease (DED). The device mimics the complex pathophysiology of DED, allowing scientists and drug developers to test experimental treatments.
Autopsies reveal that meth users have increased deposits of collagen in the heart muscle, leading to irreversible damage and an enlarged heart. The study suggests that monitoring heart function is crucial for early detection and prevention of further deterioration.
A new study has found that ursodeoxycholic acid, the current recommended treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, is ineffective in preventing preterm birth and stillbirth. The trial of 605 pregnant women with ICP found no meaningful improvement in outcomes with the drug.
The OUtMATCH study will test the ability of omalizumab to increase tolerance to peanut and other food allergens in children and adults. The trial aims to enroll 225 participants with a history of multiple food allergies, assessing whether biweekly or monthly injections of omalizumab can prevent allergic reactions.
A new vaccine candidate, DS-Cav1, has shown promising results in a Phase 1 human clinical trial, eliciting large increases in RSV-neutralizing antibodies that were sustained for several months. The vaccine's structure-based design approach aims to overcome the challenges of traditional methods in creating an RSV vaccine.
A study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that children and adolescents born with HIV are less likely to adhere to their medications as they age. The prevalence of detectable viral load, a factor associated with nonadherence, also increases with age.
Participants in low-income areas had a higher chance of dying from any cause, hospitalization and death related to heart failure, and developing end-stage kidney disease. The study found that socioeconomic context impacts cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers found that a soybean antioxidant compound blocked damage to blood vessels in laboratory tests, potentially preventing cardiovascular side effects of recreational and medical marijuana use. The study suggests JW-1 could be a new way to protect blood vessels without psychiatric side effects.
A groundbreaking trial has started to test the safety and effectiveness of a novel, off-the-shelf device designed to treat complex aortic aneurysms. The investigational GORE EXCLUDER Thoracoabdominal Branch Endoprosthesis (TAMBE) allows for minimally invasive endovascular repair, avoiding traditional open surgical approaches.
Daily intake of Montmorency tart cherry juice improved memory scores among adults aged 65-73, with notable reductions in movement time and errors during visual and spatial working memory tasks. Compliance was high, but larger studies are warranted to confirm findings.
A Phase 1 clinical trial found a MERS-CoV vaccine candidate to be well-tolerated and induce robust immune responses in healthy adult volunteers. Over 85% of participants exhibited detectable immune responses after just two vaccinations, with the response persisting throughout the study.
The FDA has approved erdafitinib as a targeted therapy for patients with advanced bladder cancer who have specific gene mutations in the FGFR3 gene. The drug achieved a 40% overall response rate and was well-tolerated, offering an alternative to existing treatments.
The HOPE study found that most women accepted the dapivirine ring and used it consistently throughout the year. The study showed a significant reduction in HIV incidence among participants, with an estimated 39% decrease in risk compared to those not offered the ring.
In a large 24-week study, rheumatoid arthritis patients saw substantial improvement from daily use of an experimental compound. Filgotinib, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, showed significant benefits in reducing joint swelling and improving disease activity compared to placebo.
Early treatment with stimulant medication has strong protective effects against mood disorders, conduct disorders, substance use disorders, driving impairments, and academic failure in children and young adults with ADHD. The study found that three participants needed to be treated to prevent one from developing serious outcomes.
A study of 427 young African women found that 95% initiated PrEP but use fell after three months, with only 9% maintaining high adherence. Tailored support strategies are needed to maintain PrEP use and optimize protection against HIV acquisition.
A vaginal ring that releases an antiviral drug has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV by 39% in a study of over 1,400 women in southern and eastern Africa. The study found that participants used the ring more consistently than in previous trials, with higher adherence rates.
A recent study by Yale researchers has identified middle-aged adults as a vulnerable population to serious falls due to medication use. Polypharmacy and the simultaneous use of benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, and prescription opioids increase fall risk.
A US study found that engaging disenfranchised men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US is possible, but achieving and maintaining viral suppression remains a challenge. Despite some progress, many participants still face personal, practical, and structural barriers to achieving success.
Researchers found music to be as effective as midazolam in lowering anxiety before anesthetic procedures. The study used Marconi Union's 'Weightless' song and noise-canceling headphones to reduce anxiety levels.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia found that people with diabetes taking gliflozin medications are at risk of ketoacidosis during surgery. Euglycaemic ketoacidosis can be deceiving, presenting with normal blood sugar levels, and may be missed easily by clinicians.
A recent review explores how artificial intelligence can improve the success of clinical trials. AI-based models can help with trial design, patient recruitment, and monitoring adherence, potentially boosting success rates by up to 30%.
A recent study found that nearly 11% of high school seniors reported misusing prescription drugs in the past year, with 44% relying on multiple sources. This increases the risk of substance use disorders and other issues.
A systematic review of menstrual cups suggests they are a safe option for menstruation management. The review found similar leakage levels to disposable pads or tampons, with some studies showing significant less leakage. Practice, peer support, and training are key to initiation and adoption.
A clinical trial is underway to treat acid attack victims with a revolutionary new approach using collagenase enzyme. The treatment aims to restore sight by softening the underlying tissue and allowing stem cells to repair damage.
A large-scale clinical trial has demonstrated that cannabis-based medication can effectively reduce the rate of relapse in individuals with cannabis dependency. Participants treated with nabiximols used significantly less illicit cannabis and showed improvements in physical and psychological well-being.
Rimegepant, a novel gepant therapy, demonstrates significant relief from acute migraine pain and associated symptoms in a large-scale clinical trial. The study found that rimegepant effectively blocks the CGRP pathway, providing a new option for people with migraine not helped by existing medications.
A new study suggests that larger drug trials are necessary for Alzheimer's disease due to the limitations of current trials. The researchers analyzed data from over 1,120 people with no cognitive difficulties and found a consistent pattern of cognitive development in those who had beta-amyloid in the brain.
Researchers at Pitt/UPMC are testing a technique called red cell exchange transfusion to prolong life and slow organ damage in sickle cell disease patients. The SCD-CARRE trial aims to determine whether red cell exchange can lower deaths and reduce hospitalizations.
A study at Boston Medical Center found that symptom-triggered medication dosing for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome reduces hospital stay length and unnecessary medication exposure. Infants treated with this approach had a median stay of 10.5 days, compared to 17 days for fixed-schedule treatment.
A new clinical trial will test the effects of the anti-obesity drug setmelanotide on participants with Bardet-Biedl syndrome or Alström syndrome, two rare genetic disorders that include obesity as a symptom. The trial aims to assess the drug's ability to lead to significant weight loss in these individuals.
A recent study found that decentralized collaboration in scientific research can increase the robustness of findings, particularly in drug-gene interactions. Independent groups using different methods are less prone to peer pressure and more likely to replicate results accurately.
A new study in Hawaii tallies nearly 82 human infections from the rat lungworm parasite over a decade, highlighting snails and slugs as primary carriers. Meanwhile, research on bednet monitoring reveals high variability in household use, which could be contributing to declining efficacy in malaria prevention.
A study at ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer 2019 found that a more flexible dosing regimen for regorafenib improves patients' quality of life while maintaining its efficacy. The reduced and intermittent dose groups showed numerical improvements in tolerance to side effects such as fatigue and hand-foot syndrome.
A review of studies indicates that pre-eclampsia can lead to persistent cardiovascular issues in women. Researchers are now calling for long-term cardiovascular screening for women with a history of the condition.
A type of blood pressure lowering medication called calcium-channel blocker may be linked to an increased risk of a bowel condition called diverticulosis. The study found that genetic variants related to this type of drug were associated with a higher risk of the condition.