Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A Stanford-led study analyzed over 3,000 meta analyses to identify the most common sources of scientific bias across 22 disciplines. Small studies consistently overestimate effect size, while factors like early career status and isolation from other researchers increase bias risk.
A new study found that genotyping and personalized warfarin dosing can lower the risk of certain adverse events, such as bleeding and blood clots. The Genetic InFormatics Trial showed a 27% reduction in adverse events with genotype-guided dosing compared to clinically guided dosing.
A large study found that levosimendan did not significantly reduce rates of death, heart attack, kidney dialysis, or mechanical assist device use among patients at high risk for low cardiac output syndrome. However, the drug reduced low cardiac output syndrome and required less use of other inotropes.
A new study found that patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) taking digoxin are at a higher risk of death, regardless of heart failure status. The risk increases with higher levels of digoxin in the bloodstream.
A new study found that closing the left atrial appendage during cardiac surgery significantly reduces thromboembolism risk, a leading cause of stroke, by 40%. The procedure also shows promise for patients who cannot take anticoagulant medications.
Patients receiving Absorb stent showed outcomes similar to those of Xience metal stents between years one and two, but elevated risk of adverse outcomes at two years in smaller vessels. The study highlights the importance of using appropriately sized vessels and refined procedural techniques for optimal results.
A new study published by the American College of Cardiology found that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not needed in all cases of fully blocked arteries. Treatment with medications alone was shown to be equal to PCI in terms of major adverse events over three years.
The EBBINGHAUS study, the largest and most rigorous study on the topic, found no significant cognitive effects from adding evolocumab to statin therapy. The study enrolled 1,974 patients and used validated neurocognitive tests to assess executive function, working memory, and reaction time.
Bococizumab significantly reduces cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with high LDL cholesterol levels. However, the drug's cholesterol-lowering effect tends to diminish over time in some patients.
Bococizumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, significantly reduced cardiovascular events by 21% in high-risk patients with high LDL cholesterol levels. However, it showed no benefit in patients with lower LDL levels, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment approaches.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers found that highly trained workers in certain occupations are more likely to make errors when interrupted due to faster task completion. Experienced workers' ability to recall procedural steps is impaired by the proximity of actions in time, leading to increased mistakes.
The FOURIER trial shows evolocumab reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, by 15% compared to placebo. The treatment also lowers LDL cholesterol levels, translating to healthier arteries over time.
In the FOURIER trial, evolocumab reduced LDL cholesterol by 59 percent and major cardiovascular events by 15 percent. The therapy showed greater benefit over time, with a 25% reduction in risk after one year.
A new study found denosumab safe for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis over an extended period. The monoclonal antibody showed no increased risk of adverse events after 6 years of treatment, confirming its excellent safety and tolerability profile.
A new class of cholesterol-lowering medication has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol levels by nearly 60% in patients taking statins, resulting in a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. The study found that this potent drug could provide added benefit for those already on optimal doses of statins.
A review of 270 studies found that supported self-management helps people with asthma take control of their own illness, reducing symptoms and hospital admissions. Tailored support can improve quality of life and prevent deaths, experts say.
A pilot study published in British Medical Journal Open found that pharmacist medicines reconciliation significantly reduced medicine discrepancies and potential hospital readmissions. The study involved 200 patients, with nearly all medication discrepancies identified at both transfer points being addressed in the intervention arm.
Three Harvard experts discuss the economics of precision medicine, highlighting factors such as innovative incentives, higher prices due to biologic drugs, and limited competition. The authors propose potential solutions to increase patient access to these medicines, including financial instruments and price competition.
A clinical trial shows that combining chemotherapy drug temozolomide with radiation therapy extends survival by two months in older patients with glioblastoma. The treatment also improves survival for 45% of participants, linked to a molecular marker indicating active DNA repair mechanisms.
A study of over 25,600 patients found that long-term dual antiplatelet therapy increases mortality risk, especially after bleeding events. Ischemic events also pose a significant threat to patient lives.
A new study found that intensive medical treatment using oral medications, insulin, and lifestyle therapies can reverse type 2 diabetes in up to 40% of participants. The study's findings support the notion that type 2 diabetes can be reversed, at least in the short term, with medical approaches.
A study at Kern Health Systems found that pharmacists with expanded roles can reduce readmission rates for high-risk patients by up to 28% and 32%. The program, which included post-discharge counseling and medication management, also showed promise in reducing long-term hospital readmissions.
A Johns Hopkins study found lower allopregnanolone levels in the second trimester predict increased risk of postpartum depression. The research may lead to diagnostic markers and preventive strategies for the condition affecting up to 20% of American women who give birth.
A study found that taking opioids with benzodiazepines increases the risk of opioid overdose by substantially. Researchers call for cautious prescribing and education programs to warn prescribers and patients about the risks of concurrent use.
A recent study following over 500 children with ADHD into adulthood found that extended stimulant medication use is associated with suppressed adult height but not reduced symptoms of ADHD. The findings suggest a trade-off between symptom-related benefits and growth-related costs of long-term treatment.
Research from the University at Buffalo and the University of Michigan found that e-cigarette use is not linked to an increase in smoking among teenagers. In fact, overall smoking rates have decreased as e-cigarette use has increased.
A new study suggests that ER visits can be effective 'teachable moments' for reducing drug use, with brief chats with counselors or virtual therapists showing promise. Participants who received the intervention had 21% fewer days of drug use compared to those in the control group.
Prolonged exposure to finasteride and dutasteride increases the risk of persistent erectile dysfunction (PED) in young men. The study found that men with longer exposure had a 4.9-fold higher risk of PED than those with shorter exposure.
Researchers at University of Utah Health Sciences found that a common yeast species exacerbates Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) symptoms in mice. Allopurinol, a generic drug, showed promise in reducing inflammation and potentially offering relief to patients with high yeast antibodies.
The European Society of Cardiology calls for rewritten clinical trial rules to protect patients and ensure reliable results. The current ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines need to be based on principles rather than operational details.
Three experts from the University of Sydney argue that deregulating the FDA's regulatory system will subject patients to potentially toxic drugs. They highlight examples of successful drugs that were identified through well-controlled studies, and contrast these with unregulated markets that struggle to sift out ineffective treatments.
A study by Ravi Bansal and Bradley S. Peterson found structural differences in the cerebral cortex of patients with depression, which normalize with medication. The cerebral cortex thickeness is a compensatory response that helps reduce depressive symptoms.
The US Preventive Services Task Force found inadequate evidence on screening pelvic examinations for gynecologic conditions, including ovarian cancer and other benign conditions. The examination's accuracy, benefits, and potential harms were not well-established.
Researchers found mindfulness therapy to be effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and rumination in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nei Yang Gong therapy also showed positive effects on self-control in children with ASD. The review of 16 studies highlights the potential for mind-body therapies in treating ASD symptoms.
A recent study found that older adults who suffered a hip fracture were more likely to use antidepressant and anti-anxiety medications. The analysis measured drug levels in blood samples, revealing a surprising number of patients took the drugs despite no medical record evidence.
Research reveals that only one in five patients with resistant hypertension are taking all their prescribed medications, while 20% are not taking any. The study found that adherence to medication greatly affects the ability to assess the value of another treatment, and patients can take steps to prevent high blood pressure from remaini...
A study found that the drug everolimus protects ovaries from cyclophosphamide, a common chemotherapy used against breast cancer, which depletes egg cells needed to achieve pregnancy. Female mice treated with everolimus and chemotherapy had more than twice as many offspring as those treated with chemotherapy alone.
A meta-analysis of 186 studies found that patients are more likely to refuse treatment with only psychotropic drugs compared to psychotherapy. The rates of premature termination were also higher for pharmacotherapy alone, particularly for anorexia/bulimia and depressive disorders.
Researchers at Mainz University Medical Center found that high-performance chess players can enhance cognitive functions with stimulants without compromising creative thinking. The study revealed that methylphenidate and modafinil improve chess performance in short, timed matches but not in longer games.
A new wireless patch has shown significant results in reducing migraine pain, with 64% of participants experiencing a 50% or greater reduction in pain after using the device. The study found that starting stimulation within 20 minutes of a migraine's onset was more effective in reducing pain.
Researchers at Rice University and Baylor College of Medicine identified critical errors in inhaler use, leading to reduced medicine delivery. The most common mistakes include not shaking the device or holding breath for sufficient time, resulting in medication stuck in the mouth or throat.
A preliminary meta-analysis of studies on adults and children with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures found positive results in both groups, suggesting a similar effectiveness of medicines.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that cholesterol-lowering statins have no benefits for patients with small cell lung cancer. The largest randomized trial of its kind showed no improvement in treatment outcomes, contradicting previous claims about statin's potential role in preventing cancer development.
Research from UT Southwestern Medical Center found that inactivity and excess weight are strongly associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which has a poor five-year survival rate of around 30-40%. Increasing physical activity levels and reducing weight may be crucial for combating this growing disease.
Researchers at UCLA School of Nursing found that donepezil, a medication approved for Alzheimer's disease, can accelerate cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment who carry the K-variant of butyrylcholinesterase. Genetic testing is advised to determine if the drug is safe for these patients.
A systematic review of PDE-5 inhibitor use in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension found improvements in oxygenation, hemodynamics, and clinical outcomes. The evidence suggests that low- and moderate-dose sildenafil are safe regimens for children, outweighing the risks associated with long-term use.
A new drug, letermovir, has shown significant promise in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in stem cell transplant patients, with only mild side effects and improved survival rates. The study found that 61% of patients receiving a placebo developed CMV infection, compared to 38% of those treated with letermovir.
A new study has found that men with higher cognitive ability are more likely to take statins prescribed after a heart attack, reducing the risk of another heart attack or premature death. The study used data from over 2,500 patients and found an association between low general cognitive ability and non-compliance with medication.
The study provides evidence that a new investigational drug (SCY-078) may help to cure Candida auris infections. The fungus is multidrug-resistant and has been linked to invasive infections with high death rates globally.
A recent study by University of Missouri researchers found that over 75% of preschool teachers want more training opportunities due to their current lack of support. The survey also revealed that many teachers experience significant stress and feel like leaving their jobs due to challenging behaviors in the classroom.
Researchers found that nicotinamide riboside supplementation prevented nerve pain in rats treated with chemotherapy, which could lead to improved outcomes for patients. The supplement increased levels of NAD+, a cell metabolite that protects against nerve damage.
Researchers analyzed data from 658 stroke patients treated with tPA before and after hospital arrival. The study found that pre-hospital clot-busting therapy resulted in lower disability rates and more patients with zero disability. Faster treatment yields better outcomes, according to the lead researcher.
Researchers found that a subgroup of NSAIDs also act strongly on another family of enzymes called caspases, which play a key role in aggressive immune responses like sepsis. The study suggests that these drugs could be repurposed to address other conditions and develop safer versions.
A three-year trial by the University of Liverpool found that liraglutide 3.0 mg reduces type 2 diabetes risk by 80% in individuals with obesity and prediabetes. Participants experienced greater sustained weight loss compared to a placebo.
A novel agent has significantly reduced episodes of swelling in patients with a rare genetic disorder. The drug, lanadelumab, works by suppressing the production of bradykinin, which causes swelling, and has been shown to be well-tolerated in a phase 1b clinical trial.
A new study found that intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure to below 120 mm Hg would prevent 107,500 deaths per year in the United States. This reduction would be primarily among men aged 75 or older.
Research found testosterone treatment improved bone density and anemia for men over 65 with low testosterone, while also increasing plaque buildup in coronary arteries. However, cognitive function remained unchanged.
Studies published in JAMA and JAMA Internal Medicine found that testosterone treatment was associated with improved bone density and anemia in men with low testosterone. However, the studies also found no significant association between testosterone treatment and improved cognitive function or reduced risk of cardiovascular problems.
A new study from Aarhus University found that children born to mothers who took anti-epilepsy medicine during pregnancy have no significant differences in doctor visits compared to those not exposed. The study also showed that the use of anti-epilepsy medicine does not affect the general health of children, including those with epileps...
A Brown University team proposes a new framework to evaluate the implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical practice, identifying critical elements where patients may drop out of preventive care. The proposed nine-step process aims to improve access to PrEP and patient retention in care.