Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A commonly prescribed blood pressure-lowering medication appears to kick start recovery in the unaffected brain hemisphere after a stroke by boosting blood vessel growth. The study found that candesartan increased levels of growth factors and a 'pro-survival' protein, suggesting potential healing properties beyond the area of damage.
The NIH has halted a trial of a commonly used triple-drug therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) after it was found to worsen outcomes. The study showed that patients receiving the treatment had higher mortality, hospitalizations, and adverse events compared to those on placebo.
Pediatricians are urged to explore nonpharmacological approaches to address infant symptoms. Acid-suppressing medications may have adverse effects on infants, including increased risk of infections and mineral/vitamin imbalances.
Dr. Eric Hassall cautions against over-diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants under one year old, as most symptoms can be attributed to physiological reflux or normal developmental phenomena. Non-pharmacological measures such as dietary changes and reassurance are often sufficient to resolve the issue.
A pilot study found that nearly 30% of US homes with young children store acetaminophen products unsafely, with most homes containing expired medications. The study suggests that proper storage is crucial to prevent unintentional poisonings, particularly in homes with young children.
A new study found that adjusting therapy to keep NT-proBNP levels below 1,000 pg/ml reduced hospitalizations for heart failure symptoms by half and lowered rates of arrhythmias, stroke, heart attack, and cardiac death. Patients reported better quality of life and greater improvement in heart structure and function.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered how leptin-resistance develops in overweight and obese individuals. The study reveals that targeting only one of the negative regulators won't be enough to increase leptin-sensitivity in obesity, suggesting that all three regulators might need to be switched off.
Researchers aim to develop rescue treatments within hours of exposure to toxic gases like mustard gas and chlorine gas. The goal is to prevent or limit progressive damage to airways and skin, as well as clear blockage of airways.
A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine finds that men with disabilities are at a heightened risk for lifetime and current sexual violence victimization. The study reveals that men with disabilities are more than four times more likely to be victimized by sexual assaults compared to men without disabilities.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that antidepressants, diuretics, bronchodilators, antihistamines, and sympathomimetics can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. The study examined data from over 63,000 ethnically diverse men and found associations between specific medication classes and LUTS severity.
Patients with acute lung injury receiving dietary supplements did not experience improved outcomes, but rather more days on ventilators and in the ICU. The supplements increased plasma EPA levels but had no statistically significant impact on mortality rates.
A new oral drug, teriflunomide, has been shown to significantly reduce the relapse rate of people with multiple sclerosis and slow the progression of the disease. The drug was found to be effective in increasing the time between relapses and reducing disease progression by almost 30%.
A new study reveals that defects in peripheral tissues contribute to SMA pathology, and systemic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) increase survival time by 25-fold. ASO treatment also restores normal IGF-1 levels, which are reduced in untreated mice with severe SMA.
A systematic review found that taking natalizumab for two years lowers the number of MS patients who experience relapses and progression of disability. The medication also delays disease progression, according to MRI brain scans.
A Stanford study on cox-2 inhibitors may lead to new stroke treatments by increasing blood flow and enhancing recovery. The research also sheds light on why some drugs failed to live up to their promise, revealing that blocking a specific receptor can be beneficial.
Researchers have identified a new strategy for preventing the migration of muscle cells that can lead to coronary artery reclogging after angioplasty. Introducing FRNK, a protein that inhibits muscle cell migration while allowing endothelial cell movement, could help prevent clots and reduce the need for repeat procedures.
Thomas L. Kash, a UNC assistant professor, has been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) for his innovative research on alcohol's effects on neural circuits in the brain. The award recognizes his potential for leadership as both a scientist and model citizen.
Clinical trials should be reported even when product development is terminated to benefit the research community and prevent negative drug developments from being unpublished. This ensures greater patient safety, improves treatment research strategies, and optimizes resource allocations for promising new therapeutics.
The VOICE study will discontinue evaluating oral tenofovir due to lack of effectiveness, while continuing to investigate tenofovir gel and PrEP. This decision was made after an interim review found no safety concerns with oral tenofovir.
The five-year study aims to determine the medication of choice for preventing migraines in children and teens, addressing a significant gap in evidence-based research. The trial will compare amitriptyline and topiramate, investigating their efficacy and safety profiles in this age group.
The VOICE trial will continue testing the safety and effectiveness of oral Truvada and tenofovir gel, while discontinuing daily use of oral tenofovir tablets. The trial enrolled 5,029 women across three countries to evaluate the efficacy of ARV-based approaches in preventing HIV transmission.
The IDS Bulletin report explores how global crises are affecting poor people worldwide, questioning core development ideas. Emerging powers and aid donors' responses to crises are being reevaluated, with the report's findings highlighting the struggle of new ideas to replace established concepts.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that saw palmetto extract did not relieve symptoms of an enlarged prostate, even at high doses. The research involved over 300 men with moderate symptoms and took a placebo or saw palmetto for nearly 17 months.
Researchers found significant benefits of atypical antipsychotics in reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and behavioral symptoms in elderly patients with dementia. However, evidence for efficacy was insufficient for treating eating disorders, substance abuse, and insomnia.
A systemic review found atypical antipsychotics like aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone to be effective for behavioral symptoms in dementia and generalized anxiety disorder. However, evidence did not support their use for substance abuse or eating disorders, highlighting the need for cautious prescribing.
A study of men with enlarged prostate found that increasing saw palmetto dosage did not improve urinary symptoms, contrary to previous studies. The study, published in JAMA, suggests that higher doses may not offer additional benefits over placebo.
A new analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) found that naproxen and low-dose ibuprofen have a lower risk of cardiovascular events. In contrast, diclofenac increases the risk, even at non-prescription doses.
A large study found that saw palmetto extract was not significantly better than a placebo in reducing prostate enlargement symptoms. Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital tested the supplement at three times the usual dose and found no significant improvement.
Researchers at Rhode Island Hospital discovered a potential link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and cardiovascular complications in animal models with hypercholesterolemia. The study suggests that controlling cholesterol may be crucial for heart health in patients taking NSAIDs.
A new trial suggests that zoledronic acid may extend survival in postmenopausal breast cancer patients by boosting disease-free survival rates. However, the drug's effects on younger women are less clear-cut, with some studies indicating a possible adverse impact on recurrence rates outside bone.
A significant benefit of zoledronic acid was found for post-menopausal women with stage II/III breast cancer, with an overall survival rate of 85%. The drug may alter the balance of substances in the bone marrow micro-environment, potentially preventing cancer cells from spreading.
Researchers suggest that smaller, faster trials with relaxed evidence criteria could lead to improved cancer patient survival and quicker access to new treatments. This approach would allow for the testing of more treatments and potentially reduce the time it takes to bring new therapies to patients.
A new study published in JAMA Network found that adding cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to medication treatment significantly improved symptoms of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The 12-week randomized controlled trial involved 124 outpatients between the ages of 7 and 17 years. The results showed that participants wh...
Recent studies have shown that aldosterone antagonists reduce mortality and cardiovascular complications in patients with heart failure. The benefits of these drugs are clear, with a 24% reduction in cardiovascular death and a 42% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure.
A Phase III trial demonstrated that the oral recombinant salmon calcitonin tablet OSTORA achieved superior efficacy to nasal calcitonin while showing equivalent safety. This offers a promising new treatment option for postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who have limited options due to side effects or poor tolerance.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that patients with hepatitis C who received a telaprevir-based regimen for 24 weeks had a high cure rate. This suggests that extended treatment is unnecessary and may lead to better medication adherence and reduced side effects.
Researchers found that nearly 700,000 people in the US experience ischemic strokes each year, with about 160,000 being recurrent. Despite high compliance rates, medication non-compliance is a major risk factor for stroke and heart disease.
A minimally-invasive procedure aimed at reducing lung inflation and shortness of breath in patients with severe emphysema has failed to demonstrate sustained long-term effects. Despite initial improvements, the procedure's durability was lacking, with no significant differences noted between treatment and sham groups after six months.
A large clinical trial has found that intensive medical treatment is more effective than stenting in preventing a second stroke in patients at high risk. The study, funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, showed that patients who received aggressive medical management had significantly fewer strokes and d...
Patients with narrowed brain arteries who received intensive medical treatment had fewer strokes and deaths than those who received a brain stent. Medical management was found to be the most effective treatment option for preventing stroke prevention.
Researchers found a correlation between alcohol outlet density and violent crime rates among teens and young adults in the US. Banning or reducing sales of single-serve containers also showed a modest impact on violence, particularly when combined with higher liquor store densities.
In a large nationwide clinical trial, intensive medical treatment reduced strokes and deaths by 70% compared to brain stent placement in high-risk patients. The study found no benefit from stenting, suggesting it may dislodge unstable plaque in arteries.
A recent brain stent study found aggressive medical treatment without stenting may be better for high-risk stroke patients, but experts at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center believe the procedure is appropriate for certain patients who haven't responded to medication. The study's limitations and exclusions have raised concerns among researchers.
A large clinical trial found that intensive medical treatment reduced strokes and deaths by 50% compared to brain stenting in high-risk patients. The study, SAMMPRIS, showed that aggressive management of risk factors and lifestyle changes can significantly impact stroke prevention.
Adding azithromycin to daily treatment for COPD reduces acute exacerbations by 27% and improves quality of life. The study, funded by NHLBI, recruited 558 participants who took azithromycin for a year.
A global study reveals that cheap, preventive medicines are underused to prevent heart attacks and strokes. The study found that women take these medicines less frequently than men, and low-income countries have the lowest usage rates. Generic preparations with expired patents should be prescribed more widely to patients at risk.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that patients in integrated healthcare systems with electronic health records and linked pharmacies are more likely to collect their new prescriptions for diabetes, cholesterol, and high blood pressure medications. The study revealed primary non-adherence rates of 7% for blood pressure medication, 11% fo...
Researchers developed a novel computational framework to predict the effects of medications on cardiac rhythms. The tool helps screen anti-arrhythmia medications early in the drug-development pipeline and guides physicians in prescribing interventions.
A new analysis of the GRAVITAS trial found that achieving low platelet reactivity is associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stent thrombosis. Patients who achieved this level of platelet reactivity had approximately half the risk of these events compared to those with high reactivity.
The EXAMINATION trial found a non-significant trend towards benefit with Xience-V stent, resulting in a lower rate of new revascularisations and significantly lower rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at one-year follow-up.
Researchers recommend low-salt diets, exercise, and weight loss as primary treatments for hypertension. Alternative options like Coenzyme Q10, potassium supplements, and devices like RESPeRATE and Zona Plus may also be effective in managing blood pressure.
The RESET trial demonstrates that sirolimus-eluting stents are non-inferior to everolimus-eluting stents in terms of target-lesion revascularisation rate and late lumen loss. However, the study's findings may be influenced by the relatively low-risk patient population.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a novel approach for studying molecules within their natural environment, allowing for unprecedented detail on bacterial infection mechanisms. The breakthrough utilizes a lateral molecular force microscope to measure biological phenomena directly on a living cell surface, enabling...
The ARISTOTLE trial shows apixaban reduces stroke by 21% and major bleeding by 31% compared to warfarin, without significant increases in bleeding risk. The study's benefits are consistent across various patient subgroups and settings, offering a promising alternative for treating patients with atrial fibrillation.
A randomized controlled trial found that colchicine significantly reduced the incidence of recurrences and symptom persistence in patients with recurrent pericarditis. Colchicine was also shown to improve remission rates and reduce hospital readmission.
A new analysis of the ASCOT trial has found that statins prescribed to patients in 2003 still lower mortality rates from infections and respiratory illnesses eight years later. The study also shows no significant difference in cancer deaths, but reduced cardiovascular disease fatalities.
A common antibiotic has been found to help reduce severe wheezing and acute symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large multicenter clinical trial. Patients who received the antibiotic experienced a 27% reduction in acute flare-ups compared to those who received a placebo.
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found that fludrocortisone, a drug commonly used to treat orthostatic intolerance, reduced debilitating chronic nausea in patients. The study involved 17 children who experienced significant improvements in nausea after treatment.
A study analyzing medication trials published in high-impact general medicine journals found that surrogate outcomes, composite outcomes, and disease-specific mortality are used, which can be misleading. These outcome measures may not accurately reflect a medication's impact on important clinical outcomes like heart attacks or strokes.
A new study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has found that adding azithromycin to daily treatment regimens for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lower frequency and severity of flare-ups. The medication was shown to improve breathing ability and overall well-being in patients with COPD.