Articles tagged with Vaccination
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University provide a detailed overview of Zika's history, transmission modes, and risks, including sexual transmission and miscarriage risks. The study also highlights the connection between dengue virus infection and Zika virus exacerbation.
A modeling study suggests that supplementary vaccination campaigns triggered by measles outbreaks could prevent 28,613 cases over 15 years in high-incidence settings. Vaccination campaigns prompted by serological surveys could prevent more cases, but would need to occur annually in high-incidence settings.
A new study by Thomas Jefferson University shows that community outreach workers may help increase hepatitis B vaccine uptake among Asian Americans, reducing the risk of liver cancer. The program involved lay health workers who provided personalized calls to encourage vaccinations.
A UC Riverside-led study reveals that mother's milk contributes to the development of a baby's own immune system by transferring maternal immune cells. This process, known as 'maternal educational immunity,' enables the baby to gain immunity against infectious agents through exposure to its mother's environment.
IDRI aims to develop a safe and effective Zika vaccine using RNA-based technology, which can be rapidly manufactured without requiring egg growth or bacteria cultivation. The institute plans to leverage the Zika virus's own machinery for expression of immunogenic proteins.
A new Global Burden of Diseases study reveals that while improvements in sanitation and nutrition have led to longer lifespans, significant health challenges like obesity, high blood sugar, and alcohol abuse threaten progress. The study shows that many countries face health challenges despite income growth and education increases.
Researchers created a patented vaccine to combat Fusobacterium necrophorum infection, which affects sheep and cattle with liver abscesses and calf diphtheria.
Researchers develop a portable biological factory platform that can produce pharmaceuticals, specialized therapies, and experimental biomolecules using freeze-dried molecular components. The technology is applied in various fields, including vaccine production and designer antibody development.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed two successful Zika vaccines that protect against neurological damage in newborn mice. The microneedle array vaccine showed significant protection, while the adenovirus-based vaccine was used as a proof-of-principle vaccine to test the envelope protein antigen.
The European region is the most skeptical about vaccine safety, with seven countries ranking low in confidence. A global survey of nearly 66,000 people across 67 countries found that public trust in vaccines is precarious and influenced by concerns over side effects and scientific debates.
A new study suggests that the dengue vaccine can prime the immune system to make future infections more severe, particularly in people who have never been exposed before. The research recommends testing individuals before vaccination to minimize risks and maximize benefits.
Researchers in Northwestern China report ongoing transmission of rabies, highlighting challenges in reservoir animals such as dogs and wild foxes. The study emphasizes the need for oral vaccines for these animals, citing limited evidence on vaccination dosing and scheduling.
A new analysis of the world's first marketed dengue virus vaccine (Dengvaxia) provides critical insights for policymakers in dengue-affected countries. The study found that seropositive recipients gained a substantial benefit from vaccination, being 90% less likely to be hospitalized after contracting dengue.
Researchers find that a widely available dengue vaccine could worsen the disease in some settings, particularly in low-transmission areas. The vaccine has shown to reduce illness and hospitalization by 20-30% in high-transmission countries but may increase these rates in locations with lower transmission.
A Brazilian study found that some cases of Zika virus may be misreported as dengue, leading to an underestimate of the epidemic's size. The researchers analyzed blood samples from 800 people treated for suspected dengue and found over 100 positive for Zika.
Researchers tested an oral rabies vaccine in wild populations of Ethiopian wolves, with promising results. The trials found that 86% of vaccinated wolves had sufficient levels of protective antibodies, and all but one were alive 14 months later.
New research investigates how personality characteristics influence friendship patterns and attitudes towards vaccines. Studies also reveal the impact of spontaneous trait inferences on social media.
A 20-year study shows that probiotic supplementation in newborns can provide long-term protection against allergies. Meanwhile, a new vaccine for cat allergies lasts 8 times longer than existing ones, while research on dairy farm kids' immunity to milk allergies may lead to an asthma vaccine.
A national survey found that 21% of parents support HPV vaccination requirements without opt-outs, increasing to 57% when opt-outs are included. Despite the vaccine's effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer, many parents lack knowledge and are hesitant to vaccinate their children.
A study found that parents are more likely to support laws requiring HPV vaccination for school entry if their state offers opt-out provisions. However, the study's lead author warned that such opt-out provisions may weaken the vaccine requirements' effectiveness.
The VesiVax system uses virus-like particles to induce strong immune responses against various diseases. Dr. Qizhi Cathy Yao is developing better adjuvants for pancreatic cancer and Chagas disease using the system.
Analysis of three types of Zika vaccines reveals they are effective at protecting rhesus monkeys from the virus. The vaccines induce strong antibody responses and provide complete protection against Zika when exposed to the virus.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has launched a Phase 1 clinical trial to test the safety and ability to generate an immune system response in participants. The investigational DNA vaccine aims to prevent Zika virus infection, which can cause serious birth defects.
A recent study of 70,265 Swedish girls and women found that HPV vaccination did not increase the risk of developing another autoimmune disease. Vaccination was associated with a slightly reduced risk compared to not being vaccinated.
A new study by TSRI scientists identifies microRNA-155 as a key player in regulating protein levels and combating disease. The researchers found that miR-155 works by repressing a protein called Peli1, promoting normal T cell proliferation and antibody production.
Researchers propose that women in Zika-affected countries can safely conceive during the 'trough' of low mosquito activity, reducing the risk of birth defects. This approach could prevent thousands of cases per year, especially in Brazil and Puerto Rico.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed a novel vaccine candidate, BD584, which shows promise in reducing chlamydial shedding and hydrosalpinx by 95% and 87.5%, respectively. The vaccine has the potential to be widely protective against all Chlamydia trachomatis strains, including those causing trachoma.
Researchers at Colorado State University have designed a genetic modification that strips the ability of coxsackievirus B3 to replicate and cause disease. By changing a specific amino acid in the RNA polymerase enzyme, they aim to create a live-attenuated vaccine to protect against this virus and others like it.
A new study from Imperial College London predicts that the current Zika epidemic in Latin America will burn itself out within two to three years due to herd immunity. The team's analysis also concludes that large-scale transmission is unlikely to restart for at least another ten years.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint blockade improved survival and promoted immune cell infiltration into tumors when combined with an antitumor vaccine. The study suggests PD-1 and PD-L1 may help tumors evade vaccines, supporting testing of therapeutic combinations in clinical trials.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that HPV vaccination programs can reduce cervical cell anomalies in young women. The study showed that 3-dose HPV vaccination has demonstrated early benefits against high-grade cervical abnormalities, which are more likely to progress to cervical cancer.
A new E. coli-based transport capsule has been developed to improve the efficiency of next-generation vaccines, with promising results in fighting pneumococcal disease. The capsule uses a harmless strain of E. coli wrapped in a synthetic polymer to deliver antigens and trigger an immune response.
Researchers at Kansas State University's Biosecurity Research Institute are studying the relationship between Zika virus and mosquitoes to develop better controlling methods. They aim to target specific species of mosquitoes that transmit the virus, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are widely distributed in the U.S.
A vaccine developed by Brazilian and US researchers has been successfully tested in mice trials, preventing viral replication and inducing a protective immune response. The vaccine targets the premembrane protein and external envelope protein of Zika virus, offering hope for humans in the near future.
Two experimental Zika vaccines fully protected mice from infection, even after four weeks without inoculation. The DNA and inactivated virus vaccines induced virus-specific antibodies, correlating with protection against infection.
A new study published in Nature demonstrates complete protection against the Zika virus in mice using two different vaccine candidates. The researchers showed that a single dose of either a DNA vaccine or a purified inactivated virus vaccine provides complete protection, similar to existing vaccines for other flaviviruses.
A new preclinical study suggests that an effective Zika vaccine is achievable. Two vaccine candidates were tested and found to be safe and protective against the virus in mice. The purified inactivated virus (PIV) vaccine is being developed and planned for human testing later this year.
A new anthrax capsule vaccine has been found to completely protect monkeys from lethal inhalational anthrax infection. The study suggests that the capsule is a highly effective vaccine component that could be incorporated into future generation anthrax vaccines, offering a safer alternative to existing protective antigen-based vaccines.
Saint Louis University is conducting a human clinical trial of a Zika virus vaccine to prevent microcephaly and brain damage in babies. The study aims to protect people from the emerging infectious disease, which can be transmitted through mosquito bites or sexual contact.
Researchers have discovered two antibodies that can efficiently neutralize both dengue and Zika viruses, sharing identical binding sites on their viral envelopes. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a single vaccine offering protection against both diseases.
A phase II clinical trial showed that GEN-003 immunotherapy significantly reduces genital herpes virus activity and recurrent outbreaks, lasting up to a year after treatment. This new approach may provide relief similar to daily antiviral medications but with improved convenience.
A study published in PLOS NTDs examined the immune response to a bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in Haitian adults. The researchers found that the booster dose after 2 weeks did not stimulate the immune system further, suggesting an optimal dosing schedule may be needed.
Researchers found that combining local radiation therapy with anti-cancer vaccines can increase the response rate for immunotherapy agents by boosting T cell infiltration into tumors. This combination may help physicians better treat many types of cancer and could potentially lead to improved outcomes.
Researchers found that open communication about vaccine safety through VAERS did not increase public trust in vaccines. In fact, detailed incident reports significantly reduced vaccine acceptance and trust. The study suggests the media should be cautious when sharing stories about vaccine harms to avoid influencing public perception.
Researchers monitored social media in real-time to identify Zika conspiracy theories that could be affecting people's health-related decisions. The study found nearly 140,000 Tweets with keywords 'vaccine' and 'Zika,' highlighting the need for public health authorities to address concerns and debunk unscientific claims.
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences is conducting a phase 1 clinical trial to test a hookworm vaccine in an endemic area of Brazil. The trial aims to determine the safety and efficacy of combining two existing vaccines, with potential implications for global health.
The WHO has convened an emergency committee due to the risk of a YF outbreak in unvaccinated populations in Asia. The World Health Organization is concerned about the limited supply of vaccine, but experts warn that this poses a strong risk of epidemics.
A review article by J. David Beckham highlights Zika virus's impact on global health, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to develop a viable vaccine and treatment options. The article notes that exposure avoidance through insect repellent and protective measures is currently the best approach to prevent complications.
A new approach using a two-minute video has been shown to boost pneumococcal vaccination rates among older adults, with 64% watching the entire video and receiving the vaccine. The study found that patients who viewed at least part of the video were three times more likely to receive the vaccine.
Immunizing babies against rotavirus led to a significant drop in hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The study found that even older kids benefited from the vaccination, demonstrating herd immunity.
Two patients with liver metastasis from melanoma survived for at least 8.5 and 12 years after receiving patient-specific immunotherapeutic vaccines. The vaccines were derived from the patients' own dendritic cells loaded with proteins isolated from their tumors. Co-Editor-in-Chief Donald J. Buchsbaum, PhD, describes these results as
A global health emergency is looming due to the rapid spread and potential future outbreaks of yellow fever, say Georgetown University professors. The ongoing epidemic, particularly in Angola, has led to a significant shortage of vaccines and calls for an urgent international response.
The study found significant improvements in up-to-date vaccination rates, with a 7% increase from 75% to 82%. Over-immunization for adolescents also decreased significantly. The data exchange allowed clinicians to easily access patient immunization information, reducing the likelihood of unnecessary vaccinations.
A study found that vaccination under the influence of estradiol enhances protection against genital herpes by shifting the immune response in the vaginal mucosa toward a more effective antiviral one. Estradiol accelerates and increases the response of T helper cells, promoting inflammation.
A study suggests that current vaccines provide only partial protection against the G5 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus, and natural infection with a different strain may not offer protection. The findings indicate that an emerging crisis in South-East Asia is possible, warranting further research on vaccines.
A new study finds HPV vaccination is expected to reduce cancer burden across all racial/ethnic groups, with some disparities persisting despite high vaccine uptake. The study suggests that efforts to improve vaccine uptake must be accompanied by efforts to address access issues for screening and timely diagnoses.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that novel swine flu viruses have emerged, driven by the frequent introduction of human viruses to pigs. The analysis of nearly 600 flu viruses from multiple continents shows a high level of antigenic diversity, posing a significant risk to human health.
Global norovirus experts identify key gaps in knowledge and provide information to further vaccine development. The most efficient approach is developing a vaccine for young children, with the greatest impact at the global level.
HPV vaccination programs in Canada are currently limited, leaving men vulnerable to HPV-related diseases. The Canadian Medical Association Journal recommends expanding the programs to include males and negotiating with pharmaceutical companies to decrease costs.
Experts argue that good governance, long-term technology investment, and strong product management skills are essential to combat infectious outbreaks. The proposed global strategy aims to pool funds and coordinate efforts to develop effective countermeasures for these diseases.