Duality in the human genome
Scientists at Max Planck Institute find millions of gene forms, 85% genes without predominant form, and 4,000 disease genes. The dual nature of human genomes reveals individual diversity in interactions between genes.
Cancer
Articles tagged with Cancer
More public health interventions required to tackle grim reaper of 'lifestyle' diseases
The authors argue that public health interventions should focus on breaking social habits rather than individual behavior changes. By re-shaping socially acceptable norms, policymakers can tackle non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
New understanding of genetic replication could help in the fight against cancer
A team at Florida State University has made a new discovery about how human genetic material replicates within a cell's nucleus. The findings could lead to novel treatment options for cancer patients and those who benefit from stem cell-based therapies.
Ferroptosis, a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, holds great therapeutic potential
Researchers have discovered ferroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis that occurs in various pathological conditions. Ferroptosis inhibitors, such as Liproxstatin-1, offer novel therapeutic opportunities to mitigate diseases previously thought to be untreatable.
New imaging technique identifies receptors for targeted cancer therapy
Researchers developed a fluorescence imaging technique to accurately identify protein receptors in tumors without tissue biopsy. The new approach strongly correlates with clinical immunohistochemistry and may impact oncology patient outcomes.
Study identifying cell of origin for large, disfiguring nerve tumors lays groundwork for development
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified the specific type of cell that gives rise to large, disfiguring plexiform neurofibromas, a finding that could lead to new therapies for preventing tumor growth. The study suggests ways to develop treatments by understanding the steps leading to tumor development.
Research reveals how lymph nodes expand during disease
Researchers discovered that dendritic cells trigger lymph node expansion by producing CLEC-2, allowing immune cells to gather and launch an attack against infections and cancer. The study provides new insights into the immune system's role in diseases, including cancer.
'Grapes of Wrath': Stomping out grape disease one vineyard at a time
Researchers create genetic profile of grape crown gall tumor disease, identifying core microbiome common to 52 sampled tumors. The study aims to improve disease management and crop production of all grape varieties.
Researchers find organic pollutants not factor in turtle tumor disease
A new study by researchers from NIST and the Hollings Marine Laboratory found that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are not linked to fibropapillomatosis, a disease causing tumors in green sea turtles. The team detected halogenated phenols in turtle tissues, suggesting these compounds may be coming from algae in their diet.
A disease of mistaken identity
Researchers are drawing attention to the rare disease due to its misdiagnosis. Caused by small benign tumors in the pituitary gland, it can lead to excessive weight gain, acne, and a lump on the back of the neck.
UH chemist's work could impact disease management, treatments
A University of Houston chemist has received a $600,000 NSF CAREER Award to develop synthetic strategies for increasing the efficiency and yields of chemical reactions. The goal is to improve the treatment of diseases such as cancer and malaria by better understanding molecular reactivity.
Study shows tale of 2 prognoses in pediatric brain tumor, pilocytic astrocytoma
Researchers have identified two distinct pathways that influence the aggressiveness of pediatric brain tumors, suggesting different treatment approaches. The study found that point mutations in the BRAF gene lead to a more aggressive form of the disease than K:B fusion.
Remodelling damaged nuclei
Researchers have identified a key chemical that can repair damaged cell nuclei, a breakthrough in treating Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare and devastating ageing disease. The compound, Remodelin, also shows promise in reducing DNA damage and improving cellular health.
Analysis finds less research attention given to diseases of the poor
A new analysis finds that research on diseases of the poor is disproportionately underfunded, exacerbating global health disparities. The study suggests that boosting scientific research within poorer countries could help close this gap and increase studies on underserved diseases.
Seven+ daily portions of fruit and veg linked to lowest risk of death from all causes
A study of over 65,000 adults found that consuming at least seven daily portions of fruit and vegetables was associated with a lower risk of death. The analysis revealed that eating more than five daily portions may be needed to reap the full benefits, and that processed fruits may even increase the risk of death.
Infected Tasmanian devils reveal how cancer cells evolve in response to humans
Research on Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease reveals that human selection can accelerate the evolution of cancerous cells. The study found that tumours from devils subjected to disease suppression trials showed accelerated temporal evolution of tetraploidy, allowing them to adapt to changing environments.
A better way to purify peptide-based drugs
A new method for purifying peptide-based drugs has been developed by a chemist at Michigan Technological University, separating perfect peptides from those that don't make the grade in just two hours. The process reduces waste and is cheaper than existing methods, offering a promising alternative for treating diseases like cancer and HIV.
Vanderbilt study: Ancient chemical bond may aid cancer therapy
Researchers discovered a 500-million-year-old chemical bond essential for animal life, which could lead to new cancer therapies. The sulfilimine bond is formed by hypohalous acids and is crucial for blood vessel formation.
REiNS collaboration seeks common outcome measures for neurofibromatosis clinical trials
The REiNS Collaboration has established a framework for standardized outcome measures in neurofibromatosis clinical trials. The new guidelines address patient-reported outcomes, functional outcomes affecting vision, hearing and facial function, imaging tumor response, and disease biomarkers.
Scientists accelerate aging in stem cells to study age-related diseases like Parkinson's
Researchers create progerin-induced aging in stem cells, accelerating disease modeling by weeks, not years. This breakthrough opens avenues for preventing and treating late-onset disorders.
New technology that sorts cells by stiffness may help spot disease
Researchers have developed a device that can sort human cells based on their stiffness, which may help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. The technology uses microfluidic channels and ridges to separate cells into two streams depending on their mechanical properties.
Breakthrough in detecting DNA mutations could help treat tuberculosis, cancer
Researchers have developed a new method to pinpoint single DNA mutations, which could aid in diagnosing and treating diseases like cancer and tuberculosis. The technology is robust, easy to use, and suitable for low-resource settings.
Molecular switch controls the destiny of self-eating cells
Autophagy, a process where cells consume parts of themselves to clean up damaged organelles and proteins, is controlled by a molecular switch in the cell nucleus. The study found that histone H4 acetylation regulates autophagy-related genes, offering new avenues for disease treatment.
People with Alzheimer's disease may have lower risk of cancer and vice versa
A large study found that people with Alzheimer's disease had a cut in half risk of developing cancer, and those with cancer had a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's by 35%. The researchers controlled for life expectancy to confirm the findings.
Scientists decipher cellular 'roadmap' of disease-related proteins
Scientists have developed a roadmap for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, crucial components of every cell that are involved in tumor resistance and disease. Understanding how these proteins interact with other vital components can help develop targeted drugs to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis, cancer, and others.
New research findings on onset of uterine fibroids provide potential for novel treatments
Scientists have identified the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of common leiomyomata, a type of benign tumour that affects millions of women. The study suggests that complex chromosomal rearrangements may underlie the development of these tumours, and highlights potential avenues for novel pharmacological treatments.
Bladder cancer recurrence and mortality could decline with better treatment compliance
Researchers found that nearly three-quarters of high-grade bladder cancer patients experience disease return within 10 years. Intensive surveillance and treatment can reduce recurrence rates, with a single instillation of chemotherapy showing promise in minimizing recurrences.
UCLA-led team may have found key to cause of Cushing disease
Researchers at UCLA have identified TR4 as a key driver of tumor growth in Cushing disease. By knocking down TR4 in lab mice, they reversed tumor growth and excess ACTH production, paving the way for potential drug therapy.
Thijn Brummelkamp receives the EMBO Gold Medal for 2013
Thijn Brummelkamp receives the EMBO Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work on genetic analysis of human disease. His RNA interference method has been cited over 3500 times and enables detailed study of human genes involved in diseases like cancer.
Salk scientists find potential therapeutic target for Cushing's disease
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified TR4 as a protein that drives the formation of pituitary tumors in Cushing's disease, which could lead to a new therapeutic approach for this potentially life-threatening disorder. The study found that targeting this pathway could benefit treatment of CD.
Predicting the path to death and helping patients cope with end-stage heart failure
Researchers identified five trajectories for patients with end-stage heart failure, providing a framework to predict the path to death and improve quality of life. The study's findings can help caregivers plan for the last months of life, enabling patients to gain control over their illness.
Scientists throw new light on DNA copying process
Researchers have discovered that protein machines that copy DNA pause frequently during the process, creating potential for dangerous mutations. Efficient repair of these breakdowns is crucial to prevent corruption of the genetic code.
Fishing for solutions
Researchers have generated mutations in almost 40% of zebrafish genes, creating a resource for understanding physical and biochemical consequences of genetic variation. The study aims to reveal the function of each gene in zebrafish to shed light on human disease.
Telerobotic system designed to treat bladder cancer better
The new system uses micro-robotics to provide surgeons with a better view of bladder tumors, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and easier tumor removal. The device can operate in challenging environments and has been shown to have sub-millimeter precision.
Defining the new normal in aging
Researchers argue that traditional notions of healthy and successful aging fall short for many Canadians living with chronic diseases. Instead, they advocate for supporting older adults to live well according to their own definitions of health.
Low-protein diet slows Alzheimer's in mice
Mice with Alzheimer's-like pathologies showed improved memory and slower disease progression on a low-protein diet supplemented with specific amino acids. The study found reduced levels of IGF-1 and increased blockade of its effects, suggesting potential non-invasive treatments.
Testicular cancer risk tripled in boys whose testes fail to descend
A recent analysis of data published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that boys whose testes fail to descend at birth are almost three times as likely to develop testicular cancer. The condition affects around 6% of male births and has been linked to a higher risk of developing the disease.
Less ferocious Tasmanian devils could help save species from extinction
Research found that Tasmanian devils with fewer bites are more likely to develop Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD), a fatal infectious cancer. The study suggests that boosting natural selection of less aggressive devils could help reduce the spread of the disease and save the species from extinction.
Archived Guthrie cards find a new purpose
Researchers have discovered that archived Guthrie cards hold valuable epigenetic information about newborns, which can be used to predict future health outcomes. The study found that these marks are present at birth and remain stable into early childhood, offering a unique window into the development of diseases.
Study finds 1 treatment stands above others for adults with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
A study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers has identified cytarabine as the most effective and least toxic chemotherapy treatment for adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients. The study, published in PLOS ONE, reviewed health records for 58 adults with the disease and compared the effectiveness of three chemotherapy treatments.
Giant raft of data to help us understand disease
Scientists have assembled a massive catalogue of protein data using a new method, providing unprecedented insight into protein phosphorylation. This understanding brings researchers closer to unraveling the mechanisms of disease.
Detector of DNA damage: Structure of a repair factor revealed
Researchers have elucidated the structure of a key protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair. The MRN complex plays a crucial role in cell survival and function, with mutations linked to distinct syndromes and predispositions to cancer, radiation sensitivity, and neurodegeneration.
Scientists discover gene which causes rare disease in babies
Researchers identified 20 distinct mutations in a specific gene causing Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD), leading to cortisol production issues. The antioxidant gene NNT provides a new mechanism for this adrenal disease, potentially opening doors to treating other diseases.
New study shows how nanotechnology can help detect disease earlier
Researchers have developed a new sensing device using nanomotors to detect chemicals at extremely low concentrations and high contamination. This technology has the potential to facilitate early disease diagnosis and treatment, such as cancer detection.
Risk of CT-induced cancer minimal compared to risk of dying from disease
A recent analysis of 23,359 patients found that young CT scan recipients are more likely to die from their underlying disease than develop radiation-induced cancer. The study revealed a significantly lower risk of cancer induced by CT scans compared to the risk of dying from the disease.
2 distinguishable gene groups detected: 1 'normal' and 1 problematic
Two distinguishable gene groups have been detected: one producing abundant biochemical products and functioning properly in most biological processes, and another with potentially abnormal function in diseases. The findings have significant implications for tailoring therapy to individual patients
Having Huntington's disease or other 'polyQ' diseases protects against cancer, suggesting common genetic mechanism
Research suggests that individuals with polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, including Huntington's disease, have a lower risk of developing cancer. This reduced cancer risk is thought to be due to the expansion of certain sequence repeats in specific genes, which impairs gene activity and leads to cell death.
Researchers find little secondary cancer risk from multi-detector CT scans in Medicare population
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Radiology found that multi-detector CT scans pose a lower risk of developing secondary cancers among older adults. The researchers analyzed data from Medicare claims spanning eight years and estimated that only 0.03-0.04 percent of the population would develop radiation...
CNIO researchers discover that a gene known to protect against cancer can also promote tumor growth
Scientists have identified a paradoxical function of the gene Chk1, which is typically known for its anti-cancer properties. In this study, researchers found that extra copies of Chk1 actually facilitate tumor growth in mice, highlighting the complex role of this gene.
Experimental drug reduces cortisol levels, improves symptoms in Cushing's disease
Pasireotide significantly reduced urinary cortisol levels and improved symptoms of Cushing's disease, cutting secretion by 50% and returning some patients' levels to normal. The drug, which blocks ACTH secretion by binding to somatostatin receptors on the pituitary tumor, showed promise in treating this rare endocrine disorder.
No workout? No worries: Scientists prevent muscle loss in mice, despite disease and inactivity
Researchers discovered that inhibiting the activity of Forkhead boxO proteins prevents muscle loss in cancer and sepsis, while promoting muscle growth in healthy control animals. This breakthrough offers new potential treatments for muscle-wasting diseases.
Society of Interventional Radiology explores 'IR evidence' in patient care
The Society of Interventional Radiology will showcase new scientific advances and discoveries in its 37th Annual Scientific Meeting, featuring minimally invasive treatments for dozens of diseases. The meeting will include scientific presentations, posters, and technical exhibits highlighting research on interventional radiology.
'Stealth' properties of cancer-causing genetic mutations identified
Researchers at the University of Warwick discovered that cancer-causing genetic mutations exhibit distinct electronic properties, making them harder to detect. These mutations can be compared to stealth technology used in radar systems, which allows them to go undetected by the body's defense mechanisms.
Model of enzyme's structure could spur new therapies
Researchers at Brown University have created an unprecedentedly detailed description of a kinase complex, which could lead to new therapeutic drugs for diseases such as Alzheimer's and cancer. The team discovered a unique binding site, called KIS, that plays a crucial role in the complex's formation.
Scientists identify genes that may signal long life in naked mole-rats
Researchers found genes associated with mitochondria and respiration are expressed at high levels in naked mole-rats, suggesting mechanisms for longevity and disease resistance. The study's findings provide clues on how the rodent protects itself against oxidative stress and may help understand aging processes.
Imaging agents offer new view of inflammation, cancer
Novel imaging agents detectable by PET imaging may visualize tumors in their earliest stages, enabling early detection and treatment of cancer. The compounds target COX-2, an enzyme found in inflammatory lesions and tumors.
Dioxin-like chemical messenger makes brain tumors more aggressive
A newly discovered metabolic pathway involving the dioxin receptor has been found to promote tumor growth and weaken the immune system in glioma patients. The research, published in Nature, suggests that inhibiting this pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment.
Culling can't save the Tasmanian devil
A new study suggests that culling Tasmanian devils cannot control the spread of facial tumour disease and may even increase its transmission. Alternative strategies such as setting up insurance populations, finding genetic resistance, and developing a vaccine are being explored to save the iconic marsupial
Hutchinson Center scientist wins first NIH Director's Early Indpendence Award
Carissa Perez Olsen, a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center scientist, has won the prestigious NIH Director's Early Independence Award. She will receive $1.25 million to study the mechanisms of cancer, aging-related diseases, and natural aging using C. elegans as a model organism.
Health and economic benefits of tobacco control rapidly outweigh tobacco tax revenues
The Lancet study finds that tobacco control measures immediately benefit health and reduce healthcare costs. The economic benefits of tobacco revenue are greatly offset by the savings from reduced smoking-related illnesses.