Articles tagged with Obesity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found a bright appearance on deltoid muscle ultrasounds is associated with type 2 diabetes, indicating earlier treatment may be warranted. The study suggests using shoulder ultrasound as a supplemental screening option to detect undiagnosed patients.
A live debate at the Society for Endocrinology annual conference explores the roles of gut and brain hormones in regulating appetite and metabolism. Experts argue over whether the gut or brain is more important, with implications for treating obesity and diabetes.
A new study has found a significant association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and the risk of obesity. The research, published in Environment International, involved 3796 adults who took part in the Swiss SAPALDIA cohort study and had attended at least two follow-up visits between 2001 and 2011.
Researchers found a strong association between maximum body mass index over 24 years and risk of death. The study suggests that obesity prevention is crucial in reducing the risk of early death.
A Cleveland Clinic genetic analysis found that excess fat itself is harmful to cardiovascular health, increasing the odds of Type 2 diabetes by 67% and coronary artery disease by 20%. The study used genetic data from over 880,000 participants, suggesting a significant association between obesity and these conditions.
Sarcopenic obesity is a phenotype characterized by both sarcopenia and obesity, causing significant health concerns. Professor Marwan El Ghoch emphasizes the need for further research to define and manage this condition.
The Bloomberg American Health Initiative releases a special supplement to Public Health Reports addressing five urgent US health challenges. The supplement features articles and commentaries on addiction and overdose, violence, obesity and the food system, environmental challenges, and adolescent health.
A large-scale genomic analysis has found that being overweight causes depression, even in the absence of other health problems. The study, published in International Journal of Epidemiology, suggests that the psychological impact of being overweight is a key driver of depression, rather than associated illnesses.
A new Penn Medicine study found that intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) is effective in achieving clinically significant weight loss in adults with obesity, with participants losing an average of 6.1% of their initial body weight at one year. The study also showed improvements in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors.
Adolescents with obesity experience decreased pleasure from eating, while those with healthy food relationships show increased enjoyment, highlighting the importance of making food a positive experience. Healthy eating habits may serve as a protective factor against eating and weight-related disorders.
Research has found a strong link between adolescent weight and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer later in life. The study analyzed data from over 1.7 million Israeli adolescents and found that obesity was associated with a four-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer, even among those who were not obese.
Research studies by Cedars-Sinai's Sumeet Chugh's team identify associations between sudden cardiac arrest and multiple sclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and obesity. Patients with MS have a five-fold higher incidence of sudden cardiac arrest, while those with LVH are at higher risk due to electrocardiography risk scores.
A groundbreaking new study by UC Davis researchers has found that obesity can hinder immunotherapy treatments, but also improve survival rates in some obese patients. The study discovered that increased leptin levels in obese individuals correlate with enhanced expression of PD-1 checkpoint protein.
Scientists have discovered that excess fat in obese individuals clogs up the molecular machinery of Natural Killer cells, preventing them from killing tumour cells. This research outlines possible paths to re-programming and restoring the cancer-fighting abilities of these cells.
Researchers found that being overweight causes depression, rather than associated illnesses such as diabetes. The study used genomic data from over 48,000 people with depression and compared them to a control group of over 290,000 people.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully delivered the weight-loss hormone leptin through the nose to obese mice, alleviating breathing problems during sleep. The study suggests that nasal delivery may overcome leptin resistance and provide a new treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea.
Sarcopenic obesity is a condition characterized by both muscle loss and increased body fat mass. Researchers emphasize the need for more studies to understand its health consequences and develop effective treatments. Experts suggest considering sarcopenic obesity as a scientific priority, citing organizations such as ESPEN and EASO.
Researchers found that postmenopausal Hispanic/Latina women had the highest risk of falls related to sarcopenic obesity. Postmenopausal women younger than 65 were also at a higher risk for falls connected to sarcopenic obesity, highlighting the need for targeted solutions to address this growing health concern.
A study of over 600 patients with overweight or obesity found that a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet combined with daily exercise maintained clinically significant weight loss after one year. Patients showed improvements in glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers, while those with diabetes saw particularly high benefits.
A new study from Western University identified the gene Panx1 as a key regulator of fat accumulation in mice. The research found that mice lacking Panx1 accumulated more fat and developed insulin resistance, increasing their risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Further studies are underway to explore the link between Panx1 and human obesity.
Researchers identified 14 genetic variants associated with fat storage patterns and their impact on metabolic risk. These genetic factors tend to protect against diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension when stored under the skin, rather than in organs like the liver.
Researchers found that immigrants quickly lose native microbes and acquire alien microbes more common in European-American people, resulting in a loss of gut microbiota diversity. This Westernization is associated with greater obesity and is compounded across generations.
A review of 28 studies found that bariatric surgery increased testosterone levels and improved erectile function in obese men, but had no impact on sperm parameters. However, nutritional malabsorption may counterbalance these hormonal changes.
The economic impact of obesity and excess weight in the US has reached $1.7 trillion, according to a new study by the Milken Institute. Direct health-care costs total $480.7 billion, while lost productivity adds another $1.24 trillion.
A University of California San Diego School of Medicine team will investigate a novel treatment model called Regulation of Cues (ROC) to tackle binge eating disorder and obesity in military personnel. ROC targets underlying mechanisms associated with binge eating, aiming to reduce weight and obesity.
Adults with severe obesity experienced greater initial and sustained weight loss with gastric bypass surgery compared to sleeve gastrectomy or adjustable gastric banding. The study, involving over 46,000 patients, found that gastric bypass led to a 19-pound weight loss difference at 5 years.
Researchers develop a novel combined therapy using icilin, a cold-mimicking molecule, and DMPP, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activator, to reduce excess adipose tissue and improve glucose metabolism. The combination is more effective than individual treatments alone.
A study of obese women who underwent gastric sleeve or bypass surgery found that weight loss reversed precancerous tissue changes in the womb. By 12 months after surgery, high-risk changes had reversed and no further pre-cancerous changes were detected.
A new study from Monash University and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre has found a previously overlooked group of obese individuals may be at risk of developing deadly liver cancer. The research explains how obesity is linked to liver cancer, with current screening guidelines potentially missing these high-risk patients.
A new study published in American Society of Nephrology found that ideal BMI (18-25) recipients had the best organ survival rates, while there was no difference in patient survival across different BMI groups. Obesity may not be a significant barrier to kidney transplantation for obese patients.
A study found that sales employees recommend rounded watches and perfume bottles when they appear obese, and suggest more angular products when they are thin. The researchers also discovered that the level of friendliness drives the propensity to recommend round products.
A new study using genetic-based approach reveals that being overweight increases the risk of death from all causes, including cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. The study found that even within the normal weight range, a lower body mass index is associated with improved survival rates.
A study published in The BMJ found that a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, regardless of genetic profile. Lifestyle factors such as not smoking and maintaining a healthy weight were associated with a lower risk of stroke.
Low-income obese patients lost a clinically meaningful amount of weight using a free phone app and coaching calls in a primary care clinic. The study found that 43% of participants lost more than 5% of their body weight, while 56% reached a healthy weight loss threshold.
Researchers are developing an automated virtual health coach using data from human health coaches to help participants set SMART goals and stay on track. The system will learn to automate interactions and notify human health coaches when needed, aiming to improve health behaviors among underserved populations.
A recent study published in Canine Genetics and Epidemiology found that Labrador retrievers are prone to several health issues, including obesity and ear infections. The study analyzed data on over 33,000 Labrador retrievers and revealed that chocolate-colored Labradors are more likely to develop skin and ear problems.
A new study reveals the mechanistic relationship between cytokine IL-1ß, obesity, and colorectal cancer. Increased IL-1ß levels in obese mice activate multiple pathways leading to colon cancer. The study highlights the close linkage of obesity and inflammatory response, reflecting IL-1ß's broad actions.
A recent analysis of published studies found that preoperative weight loss interventions do not significantly reduce post-surgical risks in obese patients. Lifestyle changes leading to modest weight loss have been shown to be ineffective in reducing morbidity and mortality during and after surgery.
A large-scale study found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths in individuals with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. The study involved over 5,000 patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared to nearly 15,000 patients receiving usual medical care.
A recent study uses metabolome analysis to identify a link between metabolite changes and weight, revealing that genetics don't correlate closely with obesity. The research suggests new ways to measure obesity and health risks beyond traditional BMI measures.
Researchers developed a new method to use metabolites to predict diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with obesity. The study analyzed over 2,400 participants and found that specific molecular signatures could identify individuals at higher risk of developing these diseases.
A large cohort of women under 50 showed a significant association between obesity and early onset colorectal cancer. Higher BMI, weight gain since age 18, and current body mass index were linked to increased risk of early onset CRC.
A high-fat diet in female mice affects their offspring's obesity, insulin resistance, and addictive-like behaviors for three generations. The study found that only females showed addictive-like behaviors, while males showed obesity characteristics in the third generation.
A new study found that young adults classified as obese in Australia can expect to lose up to 10 years of life expectancy. The study also predicts 36.3 million years of life will be lost due to overweight and obesity over the lifetime of today's Australian adult population.
Scientists have identified a molecular mechanism that leads overweight female rats to experience early-onset puberty. The study found that the SIRT1 enzyme plays a crucial role in transmitting body weight information to the brain, affecting the expression of the Kiss1 gene.
A new study found that listing calorie information on restaurant menus can lead to a significant decrease in the number of calories ordered. Participants who saw calorie counts listed first ordered food with an average of 24 percent fewer calories than those who saw them listed elsewhere.
Researchers identified a gene mutation linked to lower risk of diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and death. Selectively blocking the SGLT-1 receptor could slow down glucose uptake to prevent or treat cardiometabolic disease.
A Pennington Biomedical Research Center study found that female mice on a high-fat diet given Russian tarragon or bitter melon supplements gained more weight and body fat compared to those not receiving the supplements. However, there was no significant change in insulin sensitivity or body-fat percentages.
Researchers aim to uncover how altered signaling processes impact appetite regulation and obesity in mice, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches for the condition. The grant could provide valuable insights into the complex communication pathways involved in brain obesity.
The CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial found that lorcaserin reduced the risk of diabetes by 19% in patients with pre-diabetes, induced remission in patients with diabetes, and reduced diabetic microvascular complications. Lorcaserin also significantly increased rates of diabetes remission and reduced the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
A new study published in The Lancet found that lorcaserin, an appetite-suppressant drug, decreases the risk of developing diabetes and increases the rates of remission of high blood sugar in obese and overweight patients. Lorcaserin also reduces the risk of kidney complications due to diabetes.
The study found large regional variations in diabetes prevalence, with North America and the Caribbean having high current rates, while Africa has low rates despite moderate obesity. If obesity rates are reduced by 25%, millions of cases of diabetes can be prevented, especially in Africa.
A study by USC Dornsife researchers found that an extra year of education contributed to weight loss in individuals at greatest risk of becoming obese. The study used genome data from 250,000 people and found that the change in mandatory attendance age had a significant impact on health outcomes.
Researchers found that obese patients who underwent a combined liver transplant and weight-loss surgery experienced significant weight loss maintenance and reduced metabolic complications. The study suggests that this dual approach is safe and effective over the long term for treating obesity-related liver disease.
A large observational study found that adults with type 2 diabetes are at greater risk of dying from cancer, particularly obesity-related cancers. Non-obesity related cancers also pose a significant threat to individuals with type 2 diabetes.
A new study reveals that gastric bypass surgery reduces all-cause mortality risk by 49% and cardiovascular disease risk by 34% in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it also increases the risk of anaemia, malnutrition, and psychiatric diagnoses.
A simple measurement of abdominal obesity index (ABOI) has been developed to determine central obesity, focusing on abdominal fat content rather than total body weight or shape. ABOI can be calculated by measuring abdominal circumference and chest circumference, providing a more accurate assessment of abdominal obesity.
A new study found that a high-carbohydrate diet led to significant weight loss and improvements in insulin function in overweight individuals. The plant-based diet group consumed whole, complex carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, and legumes, leading to reduced body mass index, body weight, and fat mass.
A new study shows Functional Imagery Training (FIT) significantly increases weight loss by 5 times compared to Motivational Interviewing (MI). Participants who used FIT lost an average of 4.11kg in six months and continued to lose weight after the intervention ended.
An analysis of published studies reveals that being overweight or obese is associated with a one-third increase in risk of urinary incontinence for young to mid-aged women. The risk is doubled in women with obesity. The findings suggest that lifestyle interventions may play a role in preventing and managing incontinence.