Articles tagged with Obesity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered a significant association between psoriasis and high levels of leptin, an obesity-related hormone that contributes to metabolic abnormalities. The study also found that body weight loss can decrease leptin levels and improve insulin sensitivity, potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
A new study found six genes linked to body mass index and obesity, with five impacting brain function. The discovery sheds light on how some people may be genetically wired to overeat, challenging societal views of obesity as a moral failing.
A study found that sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among US adults increased by 46 kilocalories per day and rose to 20% of daily calorie intake. The highest consumption was among young adults, while the elderly consumed the least.
According to the study, one in three UK adults (32.1% of men, 33.1% of women) will be obese by 2012, with a significant increase in obesity prevalence among low-income groups. The findings also highlight the economic burden of obesity, with an estimated £7.4 billion annual cost to the English economy.
Researchers found that economic incentives, such as lottery-based groups and deposit contracts, were highly effective in inducing initial weight loss. The study's results showed a significant difference in weight loss between the incentive groups and the control group.
A twin study found that identical and fraternal female twins had distinct gut microbial communities, but shared a common core set of genes that performed key functions. Obese individuals had an increased representation of bacterial genes devoted to extracting calories from food.
A five-year study found that older adults with symptoms of depression are more likely to gain abdominal fat, but not overall fat. Depression is associated with an increase in visceral fat, which may contribute to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A recent study found that bariatric surgery leads to improvement of histopathological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in most patients. The risk of progression of inflammatory changes and fibrosis is minimal, with complete resolution of NAFLD reported in a majority of patients.
Research suggests that tributyltin, a persistent pollutant, affects gene activity and promotes the growth of fat storage cells in animals, potentially contributing to the obesity epidemic. The chemical's impact on retinoid X receptors, which regulate metabolism, is a recent discovery.
Research found that workers with high levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and central obesity had significantly higher self-reported fatigue after work. The study suggests that objective measures such as elevated ALT and increased waist circumference are associated with work-related fatigue in apparently healthy workers.
A Penn State study found that obese rats are less sensitive to sweet tastes and prefer sweeter foods due to a weakened response to weak concentrations, leading to a vicious circle of overeating and sugar cravings. The research suggests that the brain's reward center is affected by the increased consumption of sugary foods.
Researchers discovered a molecule called NAPE that signals the brain when the stomach is full, reducing hunger. In studies with mice and rats, NAPE treatment led to significant weight loss and reduced appetite, suggesting potential for new obesity treatments.
Researchers discovered adiponectin is a metabolic link between obesity and reduced bone mineral density. Adiponectin levels were lower in obese humans and mice compared to lean controls. Higher levels of adiponectin impede bone development, leading to weaker bones and increased risk of fractures.
Researchers analyzed data from 13 prospective studies involving over half a million participants and found no link between fat, protein, or meat intake and kidney cancer. The study's findings suggest that the cause of increasing kidney cancer incidence worldwide remains unclear.
A new study finds that regular aerobic exercise significantly reduces anger expression and aggressive behavior in overweight but otherwise healthy children. The 10-15 week afterschool exercise program improved the children's ability to control their anger and aggression, according to the Pediatric Anger Expression Scale.
A non-invasive device has been shown to treat obesity and resolve diabetes in an animal model by altering complex gastrointestinal signals. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in food intake and weight loss, as well as restoration of normal glucose metabolism.
A randomized trial involving 234 obese women found that telephone counseling and face-to-face follow-up sessions were more effective than weight loss education alone in maintaining weight loss, especially in rural communities where healthcare barriers are significant. Telephone counseling was also found to be cost-efficient.
Researchers identify COPI complex as a regulator of lipid homeostasis, finding it reduces PAT protein expression at the lipid droplet surface. This study reveals COPI's role in energy storage and shedding, with implications for treating obesity and metabolic disorders.
A review of bariatric surgery among women of reproductive age suggests that rates of adverse outcomes for mothers and newborns are lower after the procedure. Lower maternal complication rates were found in women who underwent bariatric surgery compared to those who were obese, with reduced rates of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
A recent study compared two gastric bypass techniques for severe obesity, finding that proximal bypass resulted in greater weight loss and fewer complications. The distal technique had some advantages but also more drawbacks, leading the surgical team to adopt proximal bypass as their first choice.
A longitudinal study of 540 adults found that approximately one third of Canadians with physician-diagnosed asthma do not have asthma when objectively tested. Obesity is linked to increased asthma rates in North America, but overdiagnosis may be more common than previously thought, particularly among obese adults.
Columbia University Irving Medical Center honors Dr. Bruce Spiegelman with the Naomi Berrie Award for his groundbreaking work on metabolic pathways of obesity and diabetes research. Dr. Spiegelman's discoveries have identified key molecules critical in fat cell differentiation, insulin resistance, and energy expenditure. Meanwhile, jun...
A new study by University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers found that obese women display significantly weaker impulse control than normal-weight women. The study's findings suggest that eating-related disinhibition may be a key factor in this difference.
New study finds direct link between obesity and increased leptin levels, leading to damage similar to hypertension and diabetes. Leptin stimulates greater production of superoxide, creating toxic molecules that harm endothelial cells.
A study of over 5,300 live kidney donors found that obesity was common among donors, particularly those from African- and Hispanic-American backgrounds. Obese donors were more likely to develop hypertension prior to and after donation, but did not experience worse kidney function compared to non-obese donors.
A two-year study found substantial quantities of melanin produced in morbidly obese patients' fat tissue, suggesting a natural defense mechanism against obesity-related conditions. The antioxidant properties of melanin may help suppress inflammatory properties of excess fat.
A new synthetic chemical entity activates the SIRT1 pathway, improving glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and exercise endurance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The study demonstrates that this activation primarily promotes fat consumption in skeletal muscle, liver, and brown adipose tissue.
A study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology found that overweight women are more likely to report having sex with men than their normal-weight counterparts. The research suggests that physicians should not make assumptions about a woman's sexual behavior based on her weight.
Researchers found that fat cells in obese people produce melanin in excess, which could lead to the development of new treatments for obesity-related metabolic problems. The discovery was confirmed using additional laboratory tests and may provide a safer alternative to weight loss treatments.
A study published in Neurology found that people with obesity and pre-existing health conditions may experience a delay in being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, or have more severe symptoms at diagnosis. The study suggests that doctors should carefully consider new neurological symptoms in patients with chronic diseases.
A new antibody strategy has been developed to target gastric hormone ghrelin, which is linked to weight gain and fat storage. The study found that the antibody increased metabolic rate in fasting mice and suppressed feeding after 24-hour food deprivation.
A new obesity drug, Tesofensine, has shown promising results in a phase II study, producing weight loss twice that of currently approved obesity drugs. The drug works by suppressing hunger, leading to an energy deficit and burning off excess body fat.
Women who are overweight and obese often struggle to access healthcare due to stigma and inadequate facilities. They report feeling uncomfortable, dismissed, and stigmatized by healthcare staff, which can lead to delayed or avoided care.
A new study published in The Lancet found that tesofensine can produce weight loss up to twice that of current medications, with the lowest dose showing promising results. Researchers believe this could be a game-changer for treating obesity, but larger trials are needed to confirm.
Researchers discovered that injecting human recombinant interleukin-6 improved insulin sensitivity and glucose absorption, increasing fat metabolism genes. A preliminary study suggests this molecule could help prevent diabetes and obesity in humans in the medium term.
A new study by Eric Stice found obese people exhibit blunted reward responses in the brain's striatum, leading to increased unhealthy weight gain. The research suggests that a genetic variation affecting dopamine D2 receptors may trigger overeating in obese individuals.
Researchers found that women with decreased striatal activation in response to receiving milkshakes were more likely to gain weight over time. The study, which used brain imaging and genetic data, suggests that certain biological factors may impact one's risk for weight gain.
Researchers at Yale University discovered a link between genetics and reduced brain response to food in obese individuals, predicting future weight gain. The study used brain imaging and genetic analysis to show that individuals with a specific genetic variant exhibited a blunted response to food, leading to overeating.
Research suggests that individuals with weaker activation of brain reward circuitry when eating are more likely to be obese and gain weight over time. Those with a genetic variation associated with compromised dopamine signaling in this region are at even greater risk.
A study of 320 participants with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) found that they consumed a diet higher in unhealthy fats, protein, and cholesterol compared to those with less severe OSA. Women were more affected by these dietary habits, which may contribute to greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Researchers found black patients with chronic pain were less likely to have their weight or BMI recorded, despite being at higher risk for obesity. Obesity contributes to greater disability and poorer functioning over and above the impact of pain level.
A case report highlights the risk of thiamine deficiency disease after gastric bypass surgery for obesity, which can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Patients are advised to take multivitamins and monitor their thiamine levels to prevent this condition.
A new study from UC Irvine researchers shows that unsaturated fatty acids stimulate production of oleoylethanolamide, which decreases appetite and increases feelings of fullness. The discovery points towards new approaches to treating obesity and eating disorders.
Recent figures from the HEALTHY Study found that standard school vending machine offerings contain high-calorie beverages and snacks, contributing to excess calorie intake among students. The study aims to limit snack calories to 200 and eliminate unhealthy options from vending machines.
Patients with metabolic syndrome have a significantly higher lifetime risk of colorectal cancer compared to those without the condition. The American College of Gastroenterology recommends closely adhering to published guidelines for colorectal cancer screening.
A study by Temple University researchers found that obese women face significant mental barriers to exercise, including feeling self-conscious, fearing injury, and having perceived poor health. These aversions can significantly hinder their ability to engage in physical activity and adhere to a weight loss plan.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that severely obese individuals who exercised just one hour a week reported better overall-quality of life and improved ability to perform daily tasks. Even small amounts of physical activity can lead to significant improvements in quality of life, regardless of weight.
A substudy of the Physician's Health Study found that overweight men with high plasma concentrations of C-peptide, a protein reflecting insulin secretion, had significantly higher prostate-cancer mortality rates. Men with both high C-peptide and BMI prior to diagnosis had a four times higher risk of disease-specific mortality.
Temple University researchers found that obese women reported their activity levels most accurately compared to overweight and normal weight women. The accuracy of estimates increased with education and participation in physical activity over time.
Research published in Obesity journal reveals overweight individuals sit closer to food, use larger plates, and eat more when dining at all-you-can-eat Chinese restaurants. These subtle differences contribute to increased food consumption among obese diners.
Scientists have discovered an important fat precursor cell that may explain how changes in fat cells lead to obesity. The discovery could also shed light on conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A research team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has identified a brain pathway responsible for regulating food intake and body weight. The discovery, published in Cell, suggests that targeting this pathway could lead to new treatments for obesity and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Researchers found that inactivating key genes involved in 'fat-burning' can increase energy expenditure and lower diet-induced obesity. By forcing the body to use less efficient methods, mice became resistant to obesity despite consuming a high-fat diet.
A new study found that patients with specific genetic variations lose more weight when taking the weight loss drug sibutramine and undergoing behavioral therapy. The research suggests gene pairs can predict treatment effectiveness, which could help personalize medicine for obesity treatment.
A new JAMA study reveals a genetic link between obesity and colon cancer risk, showing those with a common genetic variant of ADIPOQ carry up to 30% reduced risk. This finding may lead to improved screening and early detection for colon cancer through lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.
A study found that vitamin A's carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was significantly lower in obese subjects than nonobese subjects. This suggests a potential link between RBP and insulin resistance in obesity. Further research is needed to determine the role of apo-RBP, an unbound form of RBP, in mediating insulin signaling.
For obese patients, a single session of exercise boosts fat-burning oxidation and reduces accumulated fat by-products inside the muscle, improving metabolic health. The study found that exercising increased fat storage in muscles, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Urinary stress incontinence affects many young women's lives, impacting routine and recreational activities. The condition is relatively high among women, with around 1 in 7 experiencing symptoms, and can be triggered by physical activity such as basketball or athletics.
Researchers found significant declines in hip bone mineral density after gastric bypass surgery, associated with the extent of weight loss. Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies may be due to alterations in the gastrointestinal tract during these procedures.
A study of 1961 nonpregnant women found that nearly a quarter report at least one pelvic floor disorder, including urinary and fecal incontinence. The prevalence of these disorders increases with age and weight, affecting over half of women aged 80 or older.