Viral Infections

Mpox study reveals hidden infections may fuel spread

Flu signals in wastewater offer an early warning for community outbreaks

Dengue viral infection and associated liver disease

LJI scientists take crucial step in developing world's first measles treatment

Scientists discover how HIV hijacks a cellular 'gateway' to infect resting immune cells

Researchers discovered that HIV-1 can infect resting immune cells by temporarily 'unlocking' the nuclear pore complex, allowing its genetic material to enter the host's DNA. This finding challenges a long-standing dogma and has significant implications for understanding the latent reservoir and developing new treatments.

Scientists use ultrasound to destroy influenza A and COVID-19 viruses without damaging human cells

Researchers used high-frequency ultrasound waves to eliminate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 by causing structural changes that led to inactivation. The technique uses acoustic resonance, which differs from cavitation, a process used for decontamination.

Study finds four of the CDC’s seven measles elimination status indicators missed

A study by Boston Children's Hospital researchers found that the US missed four out of seven measles elimination status indicators, with most at risk. The latest outbreak has spread continuously for over a year and affected 45 states since January 2025.

How the immune system battles lifelong viral infections acquired at birth

A study by researchers at the University of Basel reveals that the immune system fights lifelong viral infections acquired at birth, with partial success. The body gradually produces antibodies to reduce virus amounts, supported by T helper cells, but the response remains limited.

Economic impact of delaying the infant hepatitis B vaccination schedule

Brief delays in hepatitis B vaccine initiation result in substantial increases in virus infections, adverse health outcomes, and healthcare expenses. Economic evaluations reveal the significant financial burden of such delays on individuals and society.

Researchers develop promising new vaccine against H5N1 bird flu

Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have developed a promising new vaccine approach against highly pathogenic bird flu (H5N1) that demonstrates strong efficacy in both mice and dairy cattle. The vaccine platform protects against multiple H5N1 strains and generates immunity in both the bloodstream and respiratory tract.

Immune cells in the nose slow influenza virus

Researchers found memory cells in nasal tissue can reactivate to fight influenza, reducing viral replication and protection against more severe illness. These immune cells can be used to develop better nasal vaccines.

New research reveals cell proteins that drive severe viral infections

Researchers at Umeå University have identified NUP98 and NUP153 as key host factors in orthoflavivirus infection, which replicates in the cytosol of human cells. The proteins play a crucial role in viral replication and protein production, and their interaction with viral RNA regulates structural and non-structural protein ratios.

European Immunization Week 2026, For every generation, vaccines work: three countries reach 90% HPV vaccination target as Europe steps up action on cancer prevention

Three European countries reach 90% HPV vaccination coverage among girls by age 15, marking progress in cervical cancer prevention. HPV vaccination programmes show significant reductions in infections and precancerous lesions, with early administration increasing full protective potential.

UCF expert plays key role in international research to combat dengue fever, zika

Dr. James Earnest's research focuses on how the immune system responds to mosquito-borne viruses, aiming to create better preventative measures for dengue and Zika infections. He is collaborating with institutions in Mexico and Uganda to study immune responses over time, shedding light on effective memory B cells and antibodies.

Unraveling the complexities of the Borna disease virus 1

Researchers at Kyoto University have detailed the structure of Borna disease virus 1's nucleoprotein-RNA complex, revealing a distinct binding mode and incremental model of viral replication. The study provides a molecular framework for targeting viral RNA synthesis and assembly.

Inequalities in childhood pneumococcal vaccine uptake persist in England despite schedule change

Persistent inequalities remain a major barrier to achieving universal protection against life-threatening infections. The study found that PCV booster retention has dropped in England since the schedule change, disproportionately affecting children in more deprived areas.

Normative messaging bridges the partisan gap in pandemic risk-taking, study shows

Research shows that targeted interventions highlighting personal impact on others can alter behavior among partisans. Both Republican and Democratic voters reduced risk-taking when presented with a simple message asking to choose the safer option for themselves and others.

Autoantibodies implicated as drivers of long COVID in new study

A new study suggests that autoantibodies from Long COVID patients can induce persistent pain-like symptoms in mice, providing evidence for a potential causal role of autoantibodies in the condition. The research also highlights distinct biological subgroups and offers hope for targeted antibody-based therapies.

Local immune coordination in the lung reveals a new layer of defense

Researchers discovered a new layer of defense in the lungs, where specialized immune cells coordinate a local response to viral infections. The study found that these cells produce a protein called HIF-1α, which activates neighboring immune cells to mount a coordinated defense.

New estimates of uncounted COVID-19 deaths reveal critical gaps in US death investigation system

A new study found that over 155,000 US deaths between March 2020 and December 2021 were not officially recorded as COVID-19 deaths, highlighting critical gaps in the death investigation system. These unrecognized deaths disproportionately affected certain populations, including racial and ethnic minorities.

Inappropriate antibiotic use for COVID-19 is linked to resistance

Using azithromycin within one day triggers antibiotic resistance in the respiratory tract, according to a study published in Nature Microbiology. The researchers followed hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that azithromycin changed the mix of microbes in the upper airway, leading to persistent changes for more than a week.

Q&A: What factors influence likelihood and severity of Ebola outbreaks?

Researchers at Penn State found that Ebola outbreaks are influenced by environmental and human factors, including weather patterns, vegetation health, and human movement. A strong positive correlation was found between the total length of roads and rivers in outbreak locations and the number of Ebola cases reported early in each outbreak.

Severe COVID-19, flu facilitate lung cancer months or years later, new research shows

Severe COVID-19 and influenza infections can prime the lungs for cancer development, according to new research. Vaccination, however, largely prevents these changes, suggesting a reduced risk of lung cancer.

A therapeutic target that would curb the spread of coronaviruses has been identified

Coronaviruses modify cellular machinery to produce viral proteins and spread rapidly. A study found that infection causes stress-induced changes in tRNAs, allowing coronaviruses to speed up protein production without generating new machinery. The modification of tRNAs is a promising candidate for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.

Tulane study reveals key differences in long-term brain effects of COVID-19 and flu

A new Tulane University study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes persistent brain inflammation and small blood vessel injury, even after the virus is no longer detectable. This finding helps explain why long COVID often includes neurological symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue.

COVID-19 infection predicts higher risk of kidney disease, study finds

A study found that COVID-19 infection significantly increases the risk of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure in US adults. The research used machine learning models to analyze data from over three million patients, revealing a 2.3-times higher risk of acute kidney injury compared to influenza.

CHEST announces first class of certified critical care advanced practice providers awarded CCAPP Designation

The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) has certified its first class of critical care advanced practice providers with the CCAPP designation. This achievement recognizes their dedication to high-quality patient care and their role in supporting multidisciplinary critical care teams. The CCAPP certification is designed to vali...

Scientists develop first-of-its-kind antibody to block Epstein Barr virus

Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center developed new genetically human monoclonal antibodies that prevent EBV from infecting immune cells. The study highlights one of the antibodies that successfully blocked infection in mice with human immune systems.

Children with sleep apnea face higher risk of flu and COVID-19, new study finds

A new study by Dr. Alex Gileles-Hillel and colleagues found that children with sleep apnea are twice as likely to contract the flu or COVID-19. The researchers suggest prioritizing annual vaccinations for these children to prevent severe respiratory complications.

Community spread drives ongoing measles transmission in Europe

According to the latest ECDC report, 7,655 measles cases were reported across 30 countries in 2025, with eight fatalities. This represents a significant decrease from 35,000 cases in 2024 but is still almost double the number of cases in 2023.

Pediatric Investigation study reports significant shifts in post-COVID respiratory infection trends in children

A recent study found significant changes in post-COVID respiratory infections among children, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae experiencing a surge after restrictions were lifted. The study also revealed strong interactions between pathogens, including negative correlations and pathogen interference.

Nipah virus disease cases reported in West Bengal, India: very low risk for Europeans

Two confirmed cases of Nipah virus disease have been reported in West Bengal, India, with a very low risk for European travelers. Indian authorities have implemented prevention and control measures, and several countries in the region have initiated precautionary measures to reduce the risk of transmission.

Wastewater surveillance reveals true scale of COVID-19 spread as clinical testing declines

A study in Japan found that wastewater surveillance can uncover the true scale of COVID-19 spread by detecting high viral loads in sewage despite reduced clinical testing. This approach offers an objective view of community-wide infection levels, unaffected by changes in testing policies or public behavior.

COVID-19 viral fragments shown to target and kill specific immune cells in UCLA-led study

A recent study by a UCLA-led team reveals that leftover COVID-19 viral fragments can selectively accumulate on and penetrate star-shaped surfaces of dendritic cells and T cells, killing these immune cells. In contrast, the omicron variant's smaller fragments have little effect on these cells.

Texas A&M study suggests link between viral infection and ALS

A Texas A&M University study has identified a mouse strain that responds to a viral infection in a way similar to humans with ALS. The researchers found that the initial viral infection triggers lasting damage to the spinal cord and its nerves and muscles, even after the virus is cleared.

Hidden virus linked to hip bone collapse, offering hope for true prevention of osteonecrosis

A new clinical study identifies localized reactivation of human cytomegalovirus inside the femoral head as a potential cause of osteonecrosis. The findings suggest that antiviral prevention strategies may be effective in blocking disease progression.

MD Anderson shares latest research breakthroughs

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has made significant advancements in cancer care through its collaborative efforts between clinicians and scientists. These breakthroughs include an immune-targeting vaccine that shows promise in intercepting cancer in patients with Lynch Syndrome, a novel immunotherapy that demonstrate...

Engineered nanobodies improved respiratory defenses in preclinical study

Researchers developed engineered bispecific nanobodies that bind viruses to mucus, preventing infection. The approach was effective in preclinical models of multiple respiratory viruses, offering immediate, localized protection.

58% of patients affected by 2022 mpox outbreak report lasting physical symptoms

A cohort study of over 300 adults found that 58% of those diagnosed with mpox during the 2022 outbreak still experienced lingering physical effects, including appearance-related changes and anorectal or urinary problems. The study provides context on the enduring physical and psychosocial effects of mpox.

Mosquitoes’ thirst for human blood has increased as biodiversity loss worsens

Scientists found that mosquitoes in the Atlantic Forest prefer feeding on humans due to convenience as biodiversity dwindles. This preference increases the risk of pathogen transmission and highlights the need for targeted surveillance and prevention actions.

When a virus releases the immune brake: New evidence on the onset of multiple sclerosis

Researchers identify a concrete biological mechanism that triggers MS, focusing on B cells and Epstein-Barr virus. This understanding may help guide future strategies to prevent or treat MS.

University of Tennessee shows viral impact on ocean oxygen

A new study by the University of Tennessee shows that virus infection of cyanobacteria releases nutrients, fueling microbial growth and contributing to enhanced oxygen levels in the ocean. The findings suggest a direct link between viral activity and ecosystem functioning below the surface.

The secret room a giant virus creates inside its host amoeba

Researchers discovered a subcellular environment within the giant virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus that enables efficient translation of viral mRNAs despite mismatched codon usage with its host. This specialized environment alleviates the unfavorable translation condition, allowing for optimal viral replication.

International experts connect infections and aging through cellular senescence

The meeting report highlights the emerging importance of infection-driven senescence in understanding chronic diseases, including respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Researchers found that senescent cells contribute to persistent inflammation and reduced healing, particularly in older adults during chronic infections.

USU chemists' CRISPR discovery could lead to single diagnostic test for COVID, flu, RSV

Researchers at Utah State University have discovered a new CRISPR system that can precisely target transfer RNA in invading pathogens, which could lead to the development of a single diagnostic test for COVID, influenza, and RSV. This discovery enables the detection and targeting of specific pathogens without damaging host cells.

Bats identified as origin of unexplained acute respiratory illness and encephalitis in Bangladesh

Researchers detected Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) in five patients in Bangladesh with symptoms consistent with Nipah virus infection. The study highlights the importance of broad-spectrum surveillance programs to identify and mitigate public health risks from emerging bat-borne viruses.

Novel composite copper oxides with strong and stable antiviral activity

Composite copper oxides La₂CuO₄ and Y₂Cu₂O₅ demonstrate exceptionally high antiviral activity against non-enveloped viruses, outperforming individual constituent oxides. The oxides' cation-rich surfaces enhance electrostatic adsorption of viruses, leading to protein inactivation and viral neutralization.

Shifting pathways: Community and healthcare-associated transmission of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Europe

Researchers describe first reported mpox transmission of clade Ib in a healthcare setting outside Africa, with Ireland's nosocomial outbreak linked to local cases. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, community transmission shifted from sexual to non-sexual routes, driven by factors like overcrowding and child malnutrition.

Nanoparticle vaccine strategy could protect against Ebola and other deadly filoviruses

A new nanoparticle vaccine strategy has been developed to protect against multiple filovirus strains, including Ebola. The vaccine candidates display filovirus surface proteins on engineered nanoparticles, helping the immune system recognize and respond to the virus.

Spot the males: New gene-editing method could transform mosquito control

Researchers developed a genetic method to produce dark males and pale females, making it easier to sort sex in mosquito control. The approach uses CRISPR gene editing to create an engineered sex-linked trait that enables fast and accurate sex separation without complex equipment.

Valacyclovir treatment of early symptomatic Alzheimer disease

Researchers found that valacyclovir, an antiviral medication, was ineffective in treating early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease and may even worsen cognitive function. The study suggests that individuals with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease and herpes simplex virus seropositivity should not be treated with valacyclovir.

NEJM Evidence and CIDRAP announce Public Health Alerts

Public Health Alerts provide concise, data-driven information on disease outbreaks and urgent health events. The new series, launched by NEJM Evidence and CIDRAP, offers expert-reviewed reports to support public health evidence-based care.

Politecnico di Milano: Individual behaviour matters more than we think in spreading epidemics

Research by Politecnico di Milano finds that even a small percentage of individuals who don't follow health measures can significantly increase the infection peak and strain healthcare facilities. The study emphasizes the need to monitor and adapt public health strategies to individual urban contexts, making interventions more effective.

AI tips off scientists to new drug target to fight, treat mpox

Researchers used AI to identify a new viral surface protein that triggers the production of neutralizing antibodies, offering a breakthrough for developing effective vaccines and antibody therapies. The discovery could also provide insights into treating smallpox, a related virus posing a bioterrorism risk.

New method to accelerate vaccine and drug development for norovirus

Researchers have created a simple and efficient system to understand norovirus gene functions, enabling the development of antivirals and vaccines. The new method involves injecting norovirus cDNA clones into zebrafish embryos to generate infectious human noroviruses.

Social lives of viruses affect antiviral resistance

A study found that viral interactions inside cells influence antiviral resistance outcomes, while a less potent drug may ironically improve its future utility by promoting social interactions in viruses. The researchers suggest a trade-off between hitting the virus hard and allowing resistance to rise.

Expanding seasonal immunization access could minimize off-season RSV epidemics

A new study suggests that expanding seasonal immunization access could minimize off-season RSV epidemics, with higher rates of hospitalizations in urban areas compared to rural communities. Providing year-round access to RSV immunization would be more risk-averse and minimize risks of large seasonal outbreaks.

Scientists uncover how COVID-19 variants outsmart the immune system

Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine created a comprehensive map showing how antibodies attach to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and how viral mutations weaken that attachment. The study highlights the limits of current antibodies and suggests new strategies for building longer-lasting antibody therapies and vaccines.

A fast, lasting defense against a deadly virus

Scientists have developed a fast-acting and long-lasting vaccine against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which is one of the world's most dangerous infectious diseases. The vaccine, made from a virus-like replicon particle, provides durable humoral immunity for up to 18 months.

Avian Flu, from ‘FluWarning’ early alerts for virus spillovers

The FluWarning system uses genetic code analysis to detect subtle changes in flu viruses that may indicate cross-species transmission. It has been successfully applied to H5N1 bird flu and detected clusters of viral activity in the US, issuing alerts before official reports were published.