Articles tagged with Human Biology
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a ventilator-on-a-chip model that simulates lung injury during mechanical ventilation. The device detects real-time cellular changes, revealing shear stress from air sac collapse and reopening as the most injurious type of damage.
The NEXUS exposomics coordinating center aims to deepen understanding of how environmental and social determinants impact health. Led by USC's Rima Habre, the center brings together diverse scientists to study place-based exposures using geospatial methods.
Researchers developed SINGULAR, a cell rejuvenation atlas that offers a comprehensive systems biology analysis of diverse rejuvenation strategies across multiple organs at single-cell resolution. The study identified master regulators and uncovered common targets across immune cells.
Scientists are investigating the basic biology of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme found in 15% of human cancers. The goal is to understand its normal functions and avoid potential side effects when targeting it for cancer treatment.
Researchers found that metformin alleviates human cellular senescence, slowing down aging in primates. The study reveals that extended therapy yields geroprotective benefits, including cognitive improvements and rejuvenation of various tissues and organs.
Dartmouth anthropologists argue that jungle gyms and monkey bars are essential for childhood development, allowing children to build resilience and confidence through risk-taking play. The research cites fossil evidence showing early humans spent extensive time in trees, and modern nonhuman primates exhibit similar climbing skills.
A new study reveals that Gifted Word Learner dogs can remember toy names for at least two years, with an average correct choice rate of 44% compared to chance level. The researchers tested the dogs after a two-year wait and found that four out of five dogs remembered between 60-75% of the toys.
A study by Virginia Tech undergraduate Megan O'Hara found that surface properties significantly influence bacterial twitching motility, allowing for rapid colonization and infection. By manipulating surface properties with detergents like bile salts, researchers can alter the functionality of type IV pili, a critical virulence factor.
Researchers at the University of Kansas are analyzing noninfectious mosquito saliva to understand how it affects the immune system and changes at a molecular level. The goal is to identify specific proteins that can serve as candidates for vaccine development.
Researchers have developed an integrated optical sensor capable of detecting dopamine directly from unprocessed blood samples. This breakthrough enables low-cost and efficient screening tools for various neurological conditions and cancers.
Researchers investigate how hypernatremia affects microglial responses and evaluate potential therapies. Microglia's response to hyperosmotic stress is found to be associated with NFAT5 expression and NO production.
Researchers discovered Corynebacterium matruchotii's unique cell division mechanism, enabling dense networks within dental plaque biofilms. This process allows the bacteria to explore their environment and form beneficial interactions.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics found multiple specialized types of DNA replication in early-stage embryos, including a period of instability prone to chromosomal copying errors. This discovery could lead to improved methods of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and better strategies for minimizing chromosomal abnormalities.
A new study reveals that cellular protein Gα13 acts as a tumour suppressor in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, potentially slowing or stopping cancer cell growth. Lower levels of Gα13 are associated with poorer patient survival outcomes.
Researchers identified CYP2J2 as a key enzyme in austocystin D-mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of CYP2J2 enhanced cytotoxic effects, while depletion reduced sensitivity to austocystin D.
A recent study found that the epigenetic age of a tissue is influenced by the frequency and activity of its stem cells. Stem cells in skin and intestine had a higher rate of division, resulting in a younger epigenetic age compared to those in muscle and blood.
Researchers at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science have designed a drug-carrying molecule that can slip past the lung's natural defenses. The nanocarrier, called PEG-BB, is shaped like a bottlebrush and mimics the properties of mucus, allowing it to move quickly through the airway.
Researchers found Numt insertions arise spontaneously and accumulate in brain tissues during development or lifespan. These insertions are prevalent in the human brain and can be found in fibroblasts.
Research has shown that winners of a fight are more likely to win subsequent contests, while losers tend to lose their following fights. In humans, winner and loser effects can guide individuals to behave according to their apparent social rank.
Researchers studied the association of 12 immune cell types with epigenetic age acceleration in healthy and diseased populations. Their work sheds light on the complex interplay between immune cell composition and epigenetic aging.
Scientists discovered a way to kill pancreatic cancer in mice by combining a ketogenic diet with an existing cancer drug. The diet blocks the cancer's only source of fuel, allowing the drug to take effect and shrink tumors. This finding opens a new vulnerability for treating cancer with diet and personalized therapies.
A WVU biologist is studying how genes establish animal body plans and contribute to regenerative abilities. He has identified Hox genes as key players in planarian regeneration, suggesting their functions may differ in highly regenerative versus poorly regenerative organisms.
Researchers have developed a new class of synthetic polymers that effectively combat fungal infections by attacking the cells in multiple ways. These compounds mimic naturally occurring peptides and offer potential for sustainable treatment options with improved survival rates.
A new study by UC Riverside demonstrates that calorie restriction does not significantly reduce voluntary exercise in mice. Researchers found that mice continued to run at similar levels regardless of the amount of food they ate, challenging the long-held belief that dieting drains workout energy. The study's findings have implications...
Researchers discovered a monthly treatment that extended the lives of mice by 9%, allowing them to live healthier for longer periods. The treated mice retained their physical function and overall frailty until the end of their lives, unlike controls, which showed significant declines in health.
Dr. Elks' research focuses on the communication loop between fat cells and immune cells, which promotes inflammation and insulin resistance when disrupted. The grant aims to uncover patterns in cell communication that can be used to treat obesity and other metabolic diseases.
Researchers have developed a new therapy called PIPE-307 that targets an elusive receptor on certain cells in the brain, prompting them to mature into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. This could potentially reverse damage caused by multiple sclerosis, leading to improved movement, balance, and vision.
Liheng Cai, a UVA engineering professor, has received a $1.9 million NIH grant to create advanced biomaterials that can be used to repair living tissues and build organ structures. His lab aims to develop polymers that mimic human biology and integrate healthy cells into the human body.
Researchers found that humans were born to run due to their unique physiological traits and social benefits of endurance pursuits. Studies reveal that humans were engaging in endurance hunting tactics for thousands of years, with similar patterns observed across diverse environments.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found a link between healthy diets and a younger biological age. Even when people eat healthy diets, each gram of added sugar is associated with an increase in epigenetic age. The Mediterranean diet had the strongest association with lower epigenetic age.
Pagliarini's research aims to shed light on the underlying genetic causes of mitochondrial disorders, which affect one in 5,000 people. He will use this funding to expand his work on mitochondrial proteins and their functions, with a focus on coenzyme Q.
A study by Dr. Takanori Sekito and colleagues reveals a strong association between vaginal pathogenic Escherichia coli and recurrent cystitis in postmenopausal women, suggesting that targeting both the urinary bladder and vagina is crucial for effective treatment.
Pamela J. Bjorkman, K. Christopher Garcia, and Ian A. Wilson receive inaugural prize for their groundbreaking research in structural immunology, which has paved the way for novel disease treatments and revealed new insights into the immune system.
Jordan Brown, a postdoctoral research associate at UTA, received a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the NSF to analyze bird specimens from European museums and track changes in air pollution levels. His research aims to understand how industrialization affected wildlife and contribute to the study of climate change.
A new handheld device enables rapid non-invasive detection of harmful chemicals and biological molecules using a Raman spectrometer and cellphone camera. This technology reduces analysis time from days to minutes, making it ideal for remote areas where laboratory spectrometers are impractical.
The Tulane University-led COBRE will investigate biological sex and gender differences to improve medical outcomes, focusing on differences in autoimmune diseases, pneumonia infections, and treatment responses. The center aims to develop sex-specific miniaturized models of human tissues and organs to study disease progression.
A team of researchers has discovered a mechanism by which the liver's immune cells are suppressed in chronic hepatitis B, leading to organ damage. The 'sleep timer' function allows immune cells to weaken their activity over time, preventing them from proliferating excessively and causing further damage.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a bioelectric device that can detect and classify new coronavirus variants, identifying those most harmful. The device uses a biomembrane on a microchip to recreate the cellular environment for infection, allowing for quick characterization and analysis of variant mechanics.
Researchers have developed a humanized mouse model with a fully functional human immune system, enabling the study of immunotherapy development, disease modeling, and vaccine development. The new model, called TruHuX, mounts specific antibody responses and can develop full-fledged systemic lupus autoimmunity.
A new liquid biopsy method analyzes gene fragments in the bloodstream to detect and track cancer, enabling oncologists to tailor treatment approaches to individual patients. This non-invasive test can help monitor treatment success, detect cancer recurrence, and improve patient quality of life.
Researchers tracked free-ranging Egyptian fruit bats and found they possess high cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, mental time travel, and delayed gratification. The study revealed that older bats can estimate time passed since their last visit to a tree and avoid those with stopped bearing fruit.
Researchers at U of T have developed a deep-learning model called PepFlow that can predict the full range of conformations for peptides, which are shorter than proteins but perform similar biological functions. The model combines machine learning and physics to capture precise and accurate conformations within minutes.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that nearly half of long-term antidepressant users can successfully taper off their medication with the help of general practitioner support and internet or telephone helplines. The study found lower rates of depression, fewer withdrawal symptoms, and improved mental wellbeing among...
A team of researchers, including OHIO's Nate Szewczyk and students, published a comprehensive package of papers in Nature journals that transform our understanding of human space biology. The studies reveal how molecular biology and precision medicine can guide humanity into more challenging missions beyond Earth.
A Michigan Medicine study reveals that circadian rhythms play a crucial role in mobilizing innate lymphoid cells, which defend barrier tissues. The study found that clock genes regulate the activation of these cells at different times of day.
A new study found that physical activity and cognitive training can improve life satisfaction and mood for adults with Down’s syndrome. The Mindsets study involved 83 participants who were assigned to one of four groups for an eight-week period, including a control group, light physical exercise, or BrainHQ activities.
Researchers found that only 5% of therapies tested in animals gained regulatory approval for human use. The analysis of over 120 systematic reviews revealed a steep drop-off before final approval, suggesting areas for improvement in experimental approaches.
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that fruit fly oocytes can renew chromosome-linking proteins, potentially helping older women reduce pregnancy complications. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for enhancing protein rejuvenation in human eggs.
Research at the University of Zurich reveals that the first week after birth is a critical period for the development of senses, particularly smell and touch. Olfactory stimuli can induce neural activity across multiple brain regions, including areas responsible for non-olfactory sensory processing.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a simplified method for preparing protein samples for proteomics analysis, enabling faster, cheaper and more efficient testing. This breakthrough could pave the way for precision medicine by helping scientists better understand protein changes in the body.
Researchers developed a reliable iris recognition method by applying statistical limits to the spatial domain zero crossing technique, reducing errors to 0.022%. The algorithm uses a neural network to recognize unique features of each person's iris, achieving over 99.78% accuracy.
A study led by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Jennifer Hurley discovered that positively charged amino acid blocks in the disordered clock protein FRQ allow it to interact with FRH in an unexpected way, leading to a persistent circadian oscillator. This finding has implications for understanding circadian rhythms and their potentia...
Researchers will study polyploidy's effects on plants and animals, from ecosystems to cells, with potential applications in agriculture, medicine and conservation. The project aims to identify consistent rules governing polyploidy and its role in shaping biodiversity.
A recent study has identified over 300 distinct types of bacteria in Roman Baths water, including those with antibiotic-producing capabilities. These microorganisms show promise as a potential source of novel natural products to combat antibiotic resistance.
A team of researchers created a microfluidic human cervix model that replicates the complex interactions between cervical epithelial cells, mucus production, and microbiome. The Cervix Chip technology offers a new testbed for bacterial vaginosis therapeutics and other treatments, addressing a key women's health gap.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that negating adjectives affects brain processing, with slower reaction times and varied interpretations. The researchers used magnetoencephalography to capture brain activity while participants rated affirmative or negated phrases.
Researchers use atomic force microscopy to study mouthfeel and flavor perception, potentially leading to health-promoting products with optimal taste. The study's findings could also redefine the traditional definition of flavor, incorporating mechanical perception as an additional factor.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have developed a new method to synthesize complex sulfur molecules, including phenothiazines and thianthrenes, with high stability and control over reaction conditions. This approach uses readily available aryne precursors and avoids foul odors associated with conventional methods.
Researchers investigated the biological repercussions of UV-C radiation exposure from readily available domestic lamps and found that even brief exposure can lead to irreversible alterations in skin cells and retinal cells. The study highlights the need to prioritize safe utilization of these lamps to prevent potential harm.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science developed menthyl esters with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. The compounds outperformed menthol in inflammatory assays and suppressed genes involved in immune responses. They also inhibited adipogenesis, showing promise for addressing metabolic disorders.