Articles tagged with Human Biology
Researchers synthesizing AI with biomarker analysis aim to detect early signs of aging and enable targeted interventions to delay disease. This approach has the potential to slow, prevent or reverse certain effects of aging.
Researchers developed an algorithm to analyze high-resolution spatial data from Seq-Scope and other technologies, called FICTURE. This enables scientists to see how and where a gene is expressed at microscopic resolution, improving our understanding of gene expression.
The study reveals individual components of the spliceosome are highly specialised, with unique regulatory functions. Altering the expression of one component can have widespread ripple effects on the entire splicing network.
A study of human skeletal remains from the Tudor warship Mary Rose reveals that handedness may influence clavicle bone chemistry as people age. The analysis found increased mineral content and decreased protein content in right clavicles compared to left, suggesting repeated stress on the right side during activities like sailing.
Researchers develop transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) as a non-invasive therapy for brain-related issues, with potential for personalized treatments. A 'search and rescue tool' for the brain, TUS enables precise targeting of specific areas before treatment.
Research shows that animals, including humans, can become less sociable as they age to avoid diseases and parasites. This phenomenon, known as social ageing, may bring benefits, such as reduced competition and increased safety.
Researchers develop novel mathematical formalization, the quantitative omnigenic model (QOM), to understand how mutations affect diseases. The QOM combines state-of-the-art genome analysis with biological insights to explain polygenic diseases.
The GALAD algorithm combines AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II for HCC detection. Combining GAAD, GALAD, or PIVKA-II with ultrasound improves diagnostic efficiency compared to recommended strategies.
Researchers found that chimpanzees have a similarly narrow pelvis to humans, contradicting previous theories. The study proposes a new hypothesis that the obstetrical dilemma developed gradually and became increasingly exacerbated over evolution.
Researchers at MIT have discovered additional brain pathways that modulate dopamine release, influencing movement and emotional decisions. The newly identified pathways appear to relay emotional information that helps shape motivation to take action.
Researchers found that the presence of a fungus increases the pH of the soil, promoting growth of beneficial bacteria. This interaction could lead to sustainable agricultural practices by harnessing microbial interactions to combat plant diseases.
Researchers humanize the lupus-derived autoantibody 3E10, preserving its therapeutic efficacy, to create novel cell-penetrating antibodies targeting tumors and RAD51. Humanized variants exhibit faster cell uptake and superior in vivo tumor targeting.
Researchers identified a protein that could improve the cardiovascular health of patients with progeria, a rare genetic disorder. The discovery provides promising insights into potential treatments targeting cardiovascular complications in HGPS.
Researchers from the University of South Australia have identified a new EEG-based measure of sleepiness that could provide a diagnosis in just two minutes. The method tracks neuronal excitability, corresponding with the brain's sleep-wake processes and has wide-ranging implications for managing sleep disorders and workplace safety.
Researchers found that positive expectations lead to increased activity in pleasure-related brain regions, while negative expectations prime pain processing. The study suggests a dissociable impact of hedonic information, with positive expectations facilitating reward processing and negative expectations heightening anxiety.
A new study from the University of Waterloo suggests that men and women should eat different breakfasts to lose weight. The research found that men's metabolisms respond better to high-carbohydrate meals after fasting, while women are better served by higher-fat meals.
Researchers have developed a new treatment for deep diabetic foot ulcers, using intact fish skin grafts to promote healing. The study found that this innovative approach showed promising results in improving wound closure and reducing infection rates.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo create terpene-based chiral capsules that facilitate the easy preparation of well-defined host–guest composites with tunable chiroptical properties. The resulting composites can be used in water without organic solvents, paving the way for advances in cutting-edge optical technologies.
Researchers found that humans slow their speech when talking to dogs to match the pets' receptive abilities, allowing for better understanding of commands. The study also revealed that dogs respond well to slower tempos and prosody in human speech.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a method to precisely control the timing of DNA droplet division, mimicking biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) droplets. This breakthrough enables precise control over synthetic droplet dynamics, key to developing bio-inspired systems.
A new study using a mammal model suggests that fitness loss through spontaneous mutations will not significantly affect human populations. The research indicates that even without natural selection, the rate of fitness decline is not a cause for concern, providing reassurance about human viability in the near future.
The study reveals that sea robin legs are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli, and are covered in papillae similar to human taste buds. The research provides new insights into the evolution of this unique trait, which could offer clues about how humans developed bipedalism.
A University of Virginia engineer developed a workflow to combine advanced imaging technologies for improved understanding of porous bone, which could inform disease detection. The method allows for three-dimensional rendering of bone structure across various length scales.
A new randomized study of 168 people investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of the placebo-effect, finding that dopamine does not play a direct causal role in establishing positive treatment expectations and placebo analgesia. Instead, dopamine may interact with reward processing related to active agency and motivation.
A research team has successfully recreated wrinkle structures in biological tissue in vitro, revealing the mechanisms behind their formation. The study found that compressive forces and dehydration play a crucial role in wrinkle formation, mirroring aging skin effects.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a ventilator-on-a-chip model that simulates lung injury during mechanical ventilation. The device detects real-time cellular changes, revealing shear stress from air sac collapse and reopening as the most injurious type of damage.
The NEXUS exposomics coordinating center aims to deepen understanding of how environmental and social determinants impact health. Led by USC's Rima Habre, the center brings together diverse scientists to study place-based exposures using geospatial methods.
Researchers developed SINGULAR, a cell rejuvenation atlas that offers a comprehensive systems biology analysis of diverse rejuvenation strategies across multiple organs at single-cell resolution. The study identified master regulators and uncovered common targets across immune cells.
Scientists are investigating the basic biology of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme found in 15% of human cancers. The goal is to understand its normal functions and avoid potential side effects when targeting it for cancer treatment.
Researchers found that metformin alleviates human cellular senescence, slowing down aging in primates. The study reveals that extended therapy yields geroprotective benefits, including cognitive improvements and rejuvenation of various tissues and organs.
Dartmouth anthropologists argue that jungle gyms and monkey bars are essential for childhood development, allowing children to build resilience and confidence through risk-taking play. The research cites fossil evidence showing early humans spent extensive time in trees, and modern nonhuman primates exhibit similar climbing skills.
A new study reveals that Gifted Word Learner dogs can remember toy names for at least two years, with an average correct choice rate of 44% compared to chance level. The researchers tested the dogs after a two-year wait and found that four out of five dogs remembered between 60-75% of the toys.
A study by Virginia Tech undergraduate Megan O'Hara found that surface properties significantly influence bacterial twitching motility, allowing for rapid colonization and infection. By manipulating surface properties with detergents like bile salts, researchers can alter the functionality of type IV pili, a critical virulence factor.
Researchers at the University of Kansas are analyzing noninfectious mosquito saliva to understand how it affects the immune system and changes at a molecular level. The goal is to identify specific proteins that can serve as candidates for vaccine development.
Researchers have developed an integrated optical sensor capable of detecting dopamine directly from unprocessed blood samples. This breakthrough enables low-cost and efficient screening tools for various neurological conditions and cancers.
Researchers investigate how hypernatremia affects microglial responses and evaluate potential therapies. Microglia's response to hyperosmotic stress is found to be associated with NFAT5 expression and NO production.
Researchers discovered Corynebacterium matruchotii's unique cell division mechanism, enabling dense networks within dental plaque biofilms. This process allows the bacteria to explore their environment and form beneficial interactions.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics found multiple specialized types of DNA replication in early-stage embryos, including a period of instability prone to chromosomal copying errors. This discovery could lead to improved methods of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and better strategies for minimizing chromosomal abnormalities.
A new study reveals that cellular protein Gα13 acts as a tumour suppressor in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, potentially slowing or stopping cancer cell growth. Lower levels of Gα13 are associated with poorer patient survival outcomes.
Researchers identified CYP2J2 as a key enzyme in austocystin D-mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of CYP2J2 enhanced cytotoxic effects, while depletion reduced sensitivity to austocystin D.
Researchers at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science have designed a drug-carrying molecule that can slip past the lung's natural defenses. The nanocarrier, called PEG-BB, is shaped like a bottlebrush and mimics the properties of mucus, allowing it to move quickly through the airway.
Researchers found Numt insertions arise spontaneously and accumulate in brain tissues during development or lifespan. These insertions are prevalent in the human brain and can be found in fibroblasts.
A recent study found that the epigenetic age of a tissue is influenced by the frequency and activity of its stem cells. Stem cells in skin and intestine had a higher rate of division, resulting in a younger epigenetic age compared to those in muscle and blood.
Research has shown that winners of a fight are more likely to win subsequent contests, while losers tend to lose their following fights. In humans, winner and loser effects can guide individuals to behave according to their apparent social rank.
Researchers studied the association of 12 immune cell types with epigenetic age acceleration in healthy and diseased populations. Their work sheds light on the complex interplay between immune cell composition and epigenetic aging.
Scientists discovered a way to kill pancreatic cancer in mice by combining a ketogenic diet with an existing cancer drug. The diet blocks the cancer's only source of fuel, allowing the drug to take effect and shrink tumors. This finding opens a new vulnerability for treating cancer with diet and personalized therapies.
A WVU biologist is studying how genes establish animal body plans and contribute to regenerative abilities. He has identified Hox genes as key players in planarian regeneration, suggesting their functions may differ in highly regenerative versus poorly regenerative organisms.
Researchers have developed a new class of synthetic polymers that effectively combat fungal infections by attacking the cells in multiple ways. These compounds mimic naturally occurring peptides and offer potential for sustainable treatment options with improved survival rates.
A new study by UC Riverside demonstrates that calorie restriction does not significantly reduce voluntary exercise in mice. Researchers found that mice continued to run at similar levels regardless of the amount of food they ate, challenging the long-held belief that dieting drains workout energy. The study's findings have implications...
Researchers discovered a monthly treatment that extended the lives of mice by 9%, allowing them to live healthier for longer periods. The treated mice retained their physical function and overall frailty until the end of their lives, unlike controls, which showed significant declines in health.
Dr. Elks' research focuses on the communication loop between fat cells and immune cells, which promotes inflammation and insulin resistance when disrupted. The grant aims to uncover patterns in cell communication that can be used to treat obesity and other metabolic diseases.
Researchers have developed a new therapy called PIPE-307 that targets an elusive receptor on certain cells in the brain, prompting them to mature into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. This could potentially reverse damage caused by multiple sclerosis, leading to improved movement, balance, and vision.
Liheng Cai, a UVA engineering professor, has received a $1.9 million NIH grant to create advanced biomaterials that can be used to repair living tissues and build organ structures. His lab aims to develop polymers that mimic human biology and integrate healthy cells into the human body.
Researchers found that humans were born to run due to their unique physiological traits and social benefits of endurance pursuits. Studies reveal that humans were engaging in endurance hunting tactics for thousands of years, with similar patterns observed across diverse environments.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found a link between healthy diets and a younger biological age. Even when people eat healthy diets, each gram of added sugar is associated with an increase in epigenetic age. The Mediterranean diet had the strongest association with lower epigenetic age.
Pagliarini's research aims to shed light on the underlying genetic causes of mitochondrial disorders, which affect one in 5,000 people. He will use this funding to expand his work on mitochondrial proteins and their functions, with a focus on coenzyme Q.
A study by Dr. Takanori Sekito and colleagues reveals a strong association between vaginal pathogenic Escherichia coli and recurrent cystitis in postmenopausal women, suggesting that targeting both the urinary bladder and vagina is crucial for effective treatment.
Pamela J. Bjorkman, K. Christopher Garcia, and Ian A. Wilson receive inaugural prize for their groundbreaking research in structural immunology, which has paved the way for novel disease treatments and revealed new insights into the immune system.
Jordan Brown, a postdoctoral research associate at UTA, received a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the NSF to analyze bird specimens from European museums and track changes in air pollution levels. His research aims to understand how industrialization affected wildlife and contribute to the study of climate change.
A new handheld device enables rapid non-invasive detection of harmful chemicals and biological molecules using a Raman spectrometer and cellphone camera. This technology reduces analysis time from days to minutes, making it ideal for remote areas where laboratory spectrometers are impractical.