Articles tagged with Disease Control
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology found that up to 21% of herds in Great Britain may be hiding bovine Tuberculosis despite restrictions. The study used mathematical models to estimate the efficiency of cattle-based controls for the disease, which had previously been eliminated in the UK.
A BUSM study has pinpointed the two main areas of the brain most severely impacted by Huntington's disease, the striatum and outer cortical regions. The research also found significant variation in the extent of cell death across individuals, with some experiencing severe damage while others appear virtually normal.
A new study reveals significant variation in the screening and surveillance of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in intensive care units (ICUs), with some hospitals neglecting commonsense medical precautions. The researchers found that only a small percentage of hospitals routinely screen for certain deadly MDROs, such as MRSA and ...
A recent study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found a lower-than-expected incidence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) at a nationwide retail pharmacy chain. The study revealed that the annual NSI rate was between 0 to 3.62 per 100,000 vaccinations, with most incidents occurring after use and disposal of needles.
A genotyping study identified a hematology clinic outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum, a gram-positive bacteria found in tap water. The bacteria was linked to contaminated faucet aerators and improved infection control practices were implemented.
A Scottish study found people with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk of heart attacks, strokes, and premature death compared to the general population. The researchers also discovered that women are more at risk than men, with higher rates of cardiovascular events and deaths from any cause.
A molecule called p110delta regulates immune cells to control inflammation, preventing excessive reactions that can damage the organism. Temporarily interfering with p110delta activity could lead to new therapeutic avenues for treating diseases such as cancer, asthma, and multiple sclerosis.
The study found significant variation in adoption of screening and infection control interventions aimed at MDROs and C. difficile, with some hospitals screening for all admissions and others infrequently.
Leading hypertension specialists recommend the inclusion of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in national health surveys to accurately detect hypertension. This advanced diagnostic method can identify mitigating factors affecting diagnosis, such as white coat hypertension and nocturnal hypertension.
A lack of AgRP-neurons leads to obesity if fed a regular carbohydrate diet, but high-fat diets counteract this effect. The study reveals the importance of brain-cell interactions in nutrient metabolism and storage.
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and CDC released new tools to track deadly healthcare-associated infections in nursing homes. Updated infection definitions provide uniform criteria for tracking HAIs, including norovirus gastroenteritis and Clostridium difficile infections.
A multi-site study of 293 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and 146 matched controls found no evidence of XMRV or pMLV infections. The researchers tested for the presence of these viruses using molecular, culture, and serological methods, but none were detected in CFS samples.
Daily disinfection of high-touch surfaces in isolation rooms significantly reduces pathogens on healthcare personnel's hands, finding a simple yet effective infection control strategy. The study highlights the importance of environmental cleaning in preventing transmission and patient exposure to harmful pathogens.
A study published in Science reveals that genetic changes associated with diseases impact the genome's regulatory circuitry, affecting gene expression rather than genes themselves. The research exposed previously hidden connections between different diseases and offers a new approach for pinpointing specific cell types involved in dise...
Researchers catalogued thousands of non-coding genome switches that subtly turn up or down gene activity and influence cell-type specific utilization. These maps revealed regions active in immune cells for autoimmune diseases and liver cells for metabolic disorders.
A provocative essay in NEJM calls for redoubling efforts to combat TB, highlighting global health inequity and inadequate treatment. The authors advocate for adopting a zero-TB death goal, rapid diagnosis, and infection control measures to stem the pandemic.
Researchers found that A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) regulate glucose levels by coordinating phosphatases in cells. Mice lacking AKAP150 produced less insulin but coped better with limited hormone due to increased sensitivity in target tissues.
Researchers used whole-genome sequencing to track TB outbreak, identifying origin and movement of pathogens, key persons and behaviors that contributed to spread. The study found location-based transmission is crucial for outbreak management and informs public health policy and practice.
A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that less than half of US schools address pandemic preparedness and only 40% have updated their plan since 2009. Many schools lack personal protective equipment, staff training, and medication stockpiles, highlighting the need for improved emergency planning.
A new study reveals alarmingly high levels of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide, with nearly 44% of patients showing resistance to at least one second-line drug. The highest prevalence was seen in South Korea and Russia, with the risk of XDR disease quadrupled in previously treated patients.
Researchers propose a novel vaccine strategy using lipidated-promiscuous-peptide vaccines to overcome limitations of existing BCG vaccine, which fails to prevent disease in adults, especially in endemic regions. This new approach has shown promise in animal models and is being tested in human clinical trials.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered an enzymatic ignition key that can be turned on and off, allowing enzymes to work three times harder. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding and potentially curing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and acne.
A study found that a computer-based screening program and resource list for partner violence did not significantly improve quality of life, general health, or reduce recurrence of partner violence among women. The results suggest that routine screening may not be beneficial in primary care settings.
Researchers identified a key gene mutation causing Cornelia deLange syndrome, a childhood genetic disease. Mutations in the HDAC8 gene disrupt cellular recycling of cohesin, leading to impaired gene transcription and embryonic development.
A study found that nurse burnout is associated with higher healthcare-associated infection rates and increased costs for hospitals. Analyzing data from over 7,000 registered nurses, researchers discovered that each additional patient assigned to a nurse corresponds to roughly one additional infection per 1,000 patients.
A study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that MRSA cases in academic medical centers in the US more than doubled between 2003 and 2008. The researchers estimated hospitalizations increased from 21 out of every 1,000 patients to 42 out of every 1,000, or nearly 1 in 20 inpatients.
A study by Johns Hopkins and University of Pennsylvania found that HIV suppression rates are lower than previously thought, with younger adults, blacks, injection drug users, and uninsured individuals more likely to have uncontrolled disease. The study reviewed over 100,000 individual blood test results from 32,483 infected adults.
A hospital-based surveillance study found that infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shigella increased the risk of death in children hospitalized with diarrhea in rural Kenya. The study highlights the importance of using zinc for diarrhea management, promoting oral rehydration solutions, water sanitation, and hygiene interventions.
Researchers discovered a new gene in the influenza virus that helps control the body's response to infection, reducing the impact of the disease. The PA-X gene was found to be active in mice infected with flu, leading to recovery, while its malfunction led to an overactive immune system and worsened infections.
A recent study published in Journal of Biological Chemistry suggests that exercise is more beneficial than diet control in reducing β-amyloid formation and restoring memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. The research found that exercise alone can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease.
A survey of 3,800 home healthcare providers found that many agencies lack written policies on handling infection control for antibiotic-resistant infections. The study highlights the need for simple and quick actions like hand washing, vaccinations, and patient isolation to decrease infections in home care settings.
The GAVI Alliance has pledged an additional $162 million to control and prevent measles outbreaks in six high-risk countries. The funding will strengthen routine immunisation systems and follows a decision last November to provide over $600 million to tackle rubella through a combined measles-rubella vaccine.
A cluster of unusual illnesses at a Colorado children's hospital led to the discovery of contaminated alcohol prep pads with Bacillus cereus bacteria. The investigation resulted in an international recall of the products and highlighted the importance of clear labeling on non-sterile healthcare supplies.
Researchers found that individuals with HIV who can control viral replication have killer T cells with effective T cell receptors, which recognize and kill infected cells. The study suggests that the particular sequence of the protein affects the ability to control infection.
Levine pioneered molecular approaches to develop live oral vaccines, including attenuated Salmonella Typhi and Shigella. He has made significant contributions to vaccine research, including epidemiologic field studies and large-scale controlled trials.
Researchers found that reducing TB infections in geographic hotspots can significantly reduce citywide transmission rates by up to 29% over 50 years. Controlling these hotspots may have a similar impact on long-term, community-wide TB incidence as achieving the same targets in the remaining population.
A meta-analysis of seven clinical trials found that intensive glucose control reduces microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients, but lacks evidence for reduced risk of significant clinical renal outcomes. The study suggests a reevaluation of the benefits of intensive glycemic control in preventing renal disease.
Researchers at Yale University found that intensively controlling glucose levels did not definitively reduce the risk of impaired kidney function, dialysis, or death from kidney disease. The study suggests that patients may not be better off with this approach and questions the benefits of aggressive glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes
A new study by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that residents of Lower Manhattan who suffered home damage following the 9/11 attacks are more likely to report respiratory symptoms and diseases. The study analyzed data from over 71,000 survivors of the World Trade Center attacks, including those with ...
Research has found that inhaled anticholinergics are associated with an increased risk of potentially dangerous heart arrhythmias among young asthma patients. The use of these medications for routine asthma management may be linked to a higher risk of arrhythmias, particularly among active users of ipratropium.
A randomized trial found that the ARCON regime improves control of cancer at its primary site, disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival in patients with low Hb levels. However, overall survival remains compromised due to other health problems.
Researchers at Michigan State University have created a satellite-guided plan to effectively control the tsetse fly, which spreads sleeping sickness disease in Africa. The plan uses unprecedented precision to predict where and when to direct eradication efforts, significantly reducing costs and increasing effectiveness.
A collaborative care intervention improved depression-free days and quality-adjusted life-years among adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes. The intervention, which included team-centered care and nurse management, resulted in significant improvements in depression scores and quality of life.
A new study published in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found a strong link between healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and patient readmission after an initial hospital stay. Patients with positive clinical cultures for MRSA, VRE or C. difficile were 40% more likely to be readmitted within a year.
A new study published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene finds that dengue fever inflicts a $37.8 million burden on Puerto Rico each year, with households accounting for almost half of the costs. The study suggests that investing in traditional surveillance and prevention could save $5 for every $1 invested.
A national survey found that hospitals increased focus on CAUTIs and CLABSIs after the 2008 Medicare policy change. While most findings were positive, some IPs expressed concern about resource shifts and emphasis on physician documentation over patient outcomes.
A new group of regulatory molecules called mirror-microRNAs has been discovered to control multiple aspects of brain function. These microRNA genes are produced from the same piece of DNA but have different functions in regulating protein production and movement, doubling the capacity of regulation.
A new study links malaria resurgence to funding cuts, with 91% of episodes tied to weakened control programs. The research highlights the need for sustained financial support to maintain gains in malaria control.
Global measles mortality decreased by 74% from 535,300 deaths in 2000 to 139,300 in 2010. Despite this progress, India and Africa remain major concerns due to low vaccine coverage. The authors suggest intensified control measures are needed to achieve mortality reduction targets.
Silicosis, a preventable lung disease caused by silica inhalation, remains a significant occupational health concern globally. Despite prevention efforts, cases continue to rise in developing countries, highlighting the need for improved workplace safety and regular medical assessments.
A recent study found that 91% of documented malaria resurgence events were attributed to weakened control programs, highlighting the need for sustained funding. The researchers emphasize the importance of continued investment in successful malaria control and elimination programs to maintain progress and save thousands of lives.
Researchers at Northwestern University develop a new theory of networks, establishing relationships between disparate topics such as friendship paradoxes and material properties. The study reveals that cascading processes can be controlled and collective behavior depends on network properties, opening new avenues for disease treatment ...
A new study uses a pathogen-based incidence approach to generate infectious disease burden estimates in Europe, attributing morbidity to specific pathogens. The methodology has limitations but shows the need for further research and integration of demographic changes and infection dynamics.
A study discovered Bacillus cereus bacteria in a pharmacy robot's washing station, contaminating intravenous drugs. The contamination highlights the need for strengthened cleaning and maintenance procedures to prevent life-threatening infections.
The US CDC proposes to focus investments on six public health functions: strategic epidemiologic information, and strengthening key institutions and infrastructure. The agency aims to engage public health institutions domestically and abroad in health systems strengthening efforts.
Scientists at the University of Southampton have identified a new process that controls artery constriction, which could lead to a better understanding of cardiovascular disease causes and the development of new treatments. By blocking specific enzymes, researchers were able to reduce artery constriction and lower blood pressure risk.
A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that approximately six percent of Chicago-area ambulance sites sampled positive for Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium causing serious infections. The research also revealed that 77% of isolates detected showed resistance to at least one commonly used antibiotic
Infection prevention groups outline steps needed to preserve antibiotics by identifying and addressing resistance issues. The role of infection preventionists and healthcare epidemiologists is crucial in preventing the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, a major threat to human health.
Between 1975-2000, US lung cancer mortality declined significantly due to reduced smoking rates. Tobacco control measures such as increased taxes and smoke-free laws contributed to this decrease.
Researchers have identified microRNA-155 as a molecule that controls the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease in leukemia patients who receive bone-marrow transplants. Reducing or blocking miR-155 expression decreases GVHD severity and increases survival, suggesting a new strategy for treating the condition.