Articles tagged with Gastroenterology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A case of cecal volvulus was reported in a 78-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain and fever. The patient underwent an emergent laparotomy and recovered after intensive care. A review of Japanese literature revealed an increase in aged patients with mental disabilities presenting with cecal volvulus, adoption of ileo-colectomy as ...
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. The research revealed a direct association between HCC and insulin/sulphanylureas treatment, as well as an inverse relationship with metformin therapy.
The study found that Ang-(1-7) levels predominate in the peripheral circulation in early stages of liver cirrhosis, contributing to reduced vascular resistance. In advanced stages, Ang 2 leads to extra-splanchnic vasoconstriction. The relationship between these peptides and hemodynamic changes was investigated.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that current alcohol drinking and a high body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 are independent risk factors for colon and rectal cancer. Former alcohol consumption and a positive family history of cancer are also linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
Researchers found that two-channel GES with trains of pulses can entrain gastric slow waves and accelerate gastric emptying. This treatment approach may be applicable for treating gastroparesis and normalizing gastric dysrhythmia.
The revised Vienna Classification enhances diagnosing colorectal polyps and lesions with improved sensitivity and specificity. However, it has limitations in predicting depth of invasion, and should be supplemented by endoscopic assessment.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is unable to distinguish between malignant and benign gallbladder polyps smaller than 1 cm. The study suggests that EUS alone may not be sufficient for determining a treatment strategy for these small lesions.
Recent research found that Tribble 3 can block the insulin signaling pathway, contributing to insulin resistance and NAFLD. The study provides an experimental basis for future studies on the role of TRB3 in NAFLD.
The American Gastroenterological Association honors individuals for their lifetime achievements and significant advancements in gastroenterology. This year's awardees include Dr. Daniel K. Podolsky, Dr. Warren Strober, and Dr. Judith M. Podskalny, among others.
A study found that complex antithrombotic therapy is associated with a high risk of upper gastrointestinal events among vulnerable elders. The researchers also discovered that proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk of hip fractures in patients taking acid suppressors.
Researchers presented data on the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies in treating Crohn's disease and preventing C. difficile recurrence, showing improved clinical outcomes and safety profiles.
Recent studies have shown that patients under deep sedation during colonoscopy are more likely to have large polyps detected, which could lead to earlier detection of colon cancer. Additionally, research suggests that removing advanced pre-malignant polyps sooner than recommended may be beneficial in reducing the risk of colon cancer.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology suggests that obesity is an independent predictor of inadequate bowel preparation at colonoscopy. Patients with a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) are more likely to require more rigorous bowel preparation regimens.
Dr. Daniel K. Podolsky receives the 2009 Julius Friedenwald Medal for his lifelong contributions to gastroenterology and groundbreaking scientific achievements. He credits his colleagues and mentors for his success, highlighting UT Southwestern's role in his career.
The AGA Institute will present exciting data on treatments for Clostridium difficile infection, hepatitis C, and Crohn's disease. The late-breaking session includes studies on optimized therapies and new technologies, which may become the standard of care in the near future.
Researchers discovered a novel compound, ADFMChR, with potent anti-tumor activity against human liver carcinoma cells. The compound induces apoptosis and modulates key proteins, providing new insights into its potential as a cancer-preventive agent.
The study developed a molecular marker for Pi-deficiency in rats and evaluated the efficacy of Chinese materia medicas and probiotics. It found that middle doses of these recipes showed pronounced recovery activities, while higher doses did not.
A novel marker of TSPAN1 has been identified as a significant prognostic indicator for patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. The protein's expression was found to correlate with histological grade, cell proliferation, lymph nodal metastasis, and TNM staging, leading to a shorter survival period in those with overexpression.
A study examining COX2 and UGT1A6 genetic polymorphisms in colon cancer risk found no significant association. The protective effect of NSAIDs on colon cancer risk was not modified by these genetic variations.
The study found that estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations, particularly eGFR5 and eGFR3, are reliable preoperative renal function tests for patients undergoing hepatectomy. These equations were compared to creatinine clearance (Ccr), with significant differences in postoperative serum creatinine levels
Researchers found that only 61.9% of patients assigned a billing diagnosis code for Barrett's esophagus actually had the condition after manual record review. A pathologic diagnosis was highly likely to be reproduced by separate reviews, but electronic coding confirmed only 61.9% of cases.
A case study reports a patient with chronic diarrhea responding to lansoprazole withdrawal, highlighting the drug's potential link to collagenous colitis. Withdrawal of lansoprazole promptly resolved both colonoscopic and histological abnormalities.
Researchers characterized early-stage liver reperfusion injury mechanisms using rats with varying ischemia-reperfusion periods. Key findings include cell vacuolation, bleb formation, and apoptosis induction.
The study found that dephytinization significantly increased mineral cell uptake efficiency, retention, and transport efficiency of iron and zinc. Calcium bioavailability also showed a significant increase after phytate removal from most samples. This research provides valuable insights for infant nutrition and mineral absorption.
Research suggests that Rocket 'Eruca sativa' has potent gastric anti-ulcer properties, inhibiting acid secretion and reducing ulceration. The herb's extract also replenishes mucous and sulfhydryl levels, while reducing oxidative stress markers.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that small colon polyps can be removed without interrupting anticoagulation therapy, resulting in an acceptable bleeding rate. The procedure was performed on 123 patients with lesions up to 1 cm in size.
Researchers used computer simulation to investigate the effects of duodenal stump geometry on gastric resection outcomes. The study found that certain geometric configurations can improve food transport and emptying, but may compromise pressure distribution.
Two studies published in Gastroenterology found that statin use is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with diabetes. Additionally, statins appear to reduce the risk of cholecystectomy, surgical removal of the gallbladder, in women.
Researchers found that short-term calorie restriction with a low-carbohydrate diet caused greater changes in liver fat content and metabolic function compared to a high-carbohydrate diet. Long-term calorie restriction improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, while cellular insulin signaling increased.
A study of 1970 patients found a strong association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and linked angina. Patients with GERD had a higher prevalence of linked angina than those without GERD symptoms, suggesting that GERD may be misclassified as non-GERD heartburn.
Researchers found that alpha-fetoprotein is highly expressed in developing rat colons, particularly at embryonic day 18.5, and decreases significantly as the animal matures. The protein is localized to mesenchymal cells throughout different developmental stages of the colon.
A study found that combining senna with magnesium citrate improved the quality of colonoscopy preparations, resulting in better completion rates and diagnostic accuracy. The addition of senna also reduced the need for repeat procedures and was generally well-tolerated by patients.
Researchers developed a novel approach to isolate high-quality RNA from Kupffer cells, overcoming technical obstacles. The method uses laser capture microdissection with India ink labeling, resulting in enriched mRNA and significant gene expression changes.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology has discovered a significant link between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression and gastric cancer. The research suggests that AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.
A new study identifies a clinical prediction rule that can accurately predict patients most likely to benefit from measures to prevent recurrent C. difficile infection, which has become the leading known cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea in developed countries.
Researchers propose using intrahepatic transplantation of hepatic oval cells to treat fulminant hepatic failure. Studies show that this approach improves liver function and increases survival rates in rats.
Research reveals that specific HCV genotype 4a mutations affect treatment outcomes, with a higher frequency of mutations associated with sustained viral response. The study identifies potential targets for developing new assays to predict treatment efficacy.
Research suggests melatonin can decrease hepatic fibrosis scores, reduce serum markers of fibrogenesis, and alleviate oxidative stress. The study provides a basis for further investigation into the protective effects of melatonin on liver function in cirrhotic patients.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that CT colonography detected extracolonic lesions in 57.8% of subjects, with highly significant lesions present in 8.7% and low significant lesions in 55.2%. Factors such as age, sex, symptoms, and contrast use were associated with detection of more significant lesions.
Research team investigates effect of TGF-beta 1 on intestinal fibroblast migration and differentiation. Short-term incubation enhances migration, while long-term treatment reduces it, with increased FN production.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology identified four predictors of post-operative enteral nutrition problems: pre-surgery enteral nutrition, esophageal hiatal hernia, past paralytic ileus, and chronic renal dysfunction. These predictors can help determine PEG indications and potential preventive methods.
Research found that tTGA was more sensitive than EmA in diagnosing gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) in the general population. GSE is a common condition that can be underdiagnosed due to similar symptoms with celiac disease, highlighting the importance of mass screening.
Research reveals cathepsin B's role in hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in fulminant hepatic failure. Inhibition of cathepsin B attenuates apoptosis and liver damage.
Researchers have identified a novel syndrome associated with chronic cannabis abuse, characterized by severe vomiting sickness. The syndrome was first recognized in Australia and is believed to be caused by years of marijuana use, leading to increased cases worldwide.
Local rectal cancer excision is effective for stages Tis and T1 cancers, with prevention of recurrence and postoperative follow-up increasing efficacy. Administering salvage therapy also improves outcomes.
A rare case of liver cell adenoma (LCA) was reported in a woman without typical background, showing sequential alteration in radiological findings suggesting well-differentiated HCC. The patient underwent partial hepatectomy and pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of LCA.
Research found that vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 supplements effectively lower plasma homocysteine levels in patients with celiac disease. The study also discovered a protective role of B vitamins against the negative effects of villous atrophy on homocysteine levels.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that telmisartan significantly improved insulin resistance, reduced liver inflammation and fibrosis, and showed promise as a treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In contrast, valsartan had no effect on liver histology or plasma lipids.
Aspirin inhibits H. pylori growth and enhances susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin by affecting outer membrane protein expression and increasing endocellular antimicrobial concentrations.
A study by Dr. Ri-Nan Zheng found that esomeprazole significantly reduced heartburn scores and resolved symptoms faster than omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole in patients with reflux esophagitis. The results suggest esomeprazole may be the best choice for symptom relief in these patients.
Researchers found that electroacupuncture reduces lesion scores and gastric acidity in rats with NSAID-induced ulceration. The treatment also up-regulates the mucosal defense mechanism by increasing COX-1 and -2 mRNA levels and total nitric oxide concentration, providing protection against NSAID-induced toxicity.
A 23-year-old man developed severe autoimmune hepatitis after contracting varicella zoster virus, responding dramatically to steroid treatment. The case highlights the importance of considering AIH in patients with persistent altered liver enzymes following a viral infection.
A new study suggests that drinking alcohol in early adulthood may increase the risk of reflux esophagitis (RE) and Barrett's esophagus (BE), while wine consumption may reduce this risk. Higher education levels are also inversely associated with BE risk, suggesting socioeconomic status plays a role in the development of these conditions.
Research published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that patients with upper GI bleeding admitted on weekends had a 22% higher mortality rate and were less likely to undergo early endoscopy. Patients with peptic ulcer-related UGIB also faced increased mortality, hospital charges, and length of stay.
Researchers developed a non-invasive diagnostic tool using serum biomarker tests to differentiate between healthy and diseased stomach mucosa. The European GastroPanel examination, combined with pepsinogen assays, showed high accuracy in detecting gastric atrophy and peptic ulcer diseases.
Researchers found significant correlations between serum levels of anti-tTG IgA and anti-DGP antibodies in untreated celiac disease patients. The study suggests an immune response difference to deamidated gliadin and tissue transglutaminase, supporting the hapten-carrier theory for anti-tTG IgA origin.
Imaging findings on MDCT suggest a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis in solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas. The study found that larger tumor size and specific imaging features were associated with increased vascular invasion and capsular disruption, indicating malignant potential.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that low-dose furazolidone-based quadruple regimens are effective for treating H pylori infection, with eradication rates ranging from 70-90%. The regimens have a low cost and relatively minor side effects, making them a useful option for rescue therapy, particularly in d...
Researchers found that E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression is correlated with invasion and aggravation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The down-regulation of N-cadherin decreases invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro.
Chronic ethanol feeding inhibits nuclear proteasome activity, altering epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression. Proteasome inhibition also affects the remethylation pathway, leading to decreased histone acetylation and increased betainehomocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) enzyme.