Articles tagged with Gastroenterology
A study found that fructose-sorbitol (F-S) ingestion provoked gastrointestinal symptoms in over half of female ED patients, with a significant difference in response between underweight and normal-weight individuals. The response was specific for F-S and more common in anorexia nervosa patients.
Patients with more bile duct visualization on imaging studies and fewer liver metastases had greater bile output after biliary drainage. However, daily observation of bile output and serum bilirubin reduction is crucial for determining procedure success.
A research team investigated a highly-selective EP4 agonist for treatment of gastric ulcers in mice. The EP4 agonist reduced acute hemorrhagic damage, promoted mucous epithelial regeneration, and accelerated ulcer healing. In vitro, it protected human gastric mucous cells from indomethacin-induced apoptosis.
Researchers developed a protocol to direct the hepatic specification of ES cells using valproic acid and cytokines, resulting in functional hepatocytes. This study may aid hepatocyte transplantation and provide an in vitro model for understanding liver development.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that vardenafil has dose-dependent gastroprotective effects against NSAID-induced peptic ulcer. This suggests that vardenafil may be used as a potential therapeutic drug to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcer formation.
A new report from gastroenterology/hepatology societies emphasizes the importance of competency-based curriculum and disease-specific training in improving patient outcomes. The report recommends changes to GI training programs, including pairing of GI/hepatology training and enhanced training in specific disease areas.
A 33-year-old woman accidentally swallowed a 15 cm long spoon while attempting to remove a fish bone from her pharynx. The spoon was found in the lower mid-abdomen on an urgent plain abdominal radiograph and successfully removed during exploratory laparotomy, revealing it had passed into the jejunum after 200 cm of the ligament of Treitz.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that high-definition colonoscopy detected 29% more polyps than standard colonoscopy, with a 20% increase in detecting precancerous polyps. This study, conducted on 2,430 patients, marked the first comparison of these two methods in clinical practice.
Researchers investigated gastric mucosal changes prior to gastric cancer in Indonesian and Japanese patients with H. pylori infection. They found significant differences in the grade and activity of mucosal changes, suggesting a different host response between the two populations.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology investigated whether children can tolerate surgery without fasting. The results showed that children can handle the stress of surgery when fed up to 2 hours before surgery, indicating no significant difference between short and long periods of fasting.
A new study found that short-term Celecoxib intervention can effectively prevent gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. The research team suggests that COX-2 inhibitors may be used as chemoprevention for people older than 40 years old, especially those with refractory H. pylori infections at high risk of gastric cancer.
New studies suggest that adequate bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy can impact follow-up timetables. Researchers found that inadequate bowel preparation resulted in a recommended follow-up colonoscopy 17.1 months earlier than average.
Researchers found that Barrett's esophagus patients have comparable survival rates to the general population, with a 10-year overall survival rate of 68%. Esophageal cancer was not significantly more common among these patients.
A new study finds that a 7-day course of levofloxacin, omeprazole, nitazoxanide and doxycycline (LOAD) is more effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori than a similar treatment with lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. The therapy is also found to be equally effective when reduced to 7 days.
A new Mayo Clinic study has found that video capsule endoscopy is safe for patients with heart devices, contradicting previous FDA contraindication. The study, involving 84 patients, showed no complications or interference between the procedure and implanted cardiac devices.
Researchers found a significant association between gastrointestinal disorders and exposure to infectious gastroenteritis, with the highest risk of functional diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. Long-term effects of high-stress occupations on GI health are being considered for novel solutions.
A new study reveals professional football players, particularly those in the larger weight classes, exhibit increased fasting glucose levels, body mass index, waist circumference, and other risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome. This finding highlights the potential future health risks associated with large-scale exercise routines.
In a unique situation, gastroenterologists performed endoscopies on military dogs with gastrointestinal complications. The procedures involved putting their human skills to the test to care for canine heroes in the combat zone.
A large series of 91 patients found that performing capsule endoscopy did not interfere with images captured by devices like pacemakers. The study, presented at the American College of Gastroenterology meeting, suggests that capsule endoscopy can be safely used in elderly patients with implantable cardiac devices.
A study found that high transglutaminase antibody levels can accurately diagnose mucosal atrophy in celiac disease, making duodenal biopsy unnecessary. The predictive value of tTG antibodies may vary by age, with higher accuracy in adults than children.
A study found that emodin reduces hepatic hydroxyproline content, serum AST and ALT activities, and inhibits HSC activation by down-regulating TGF-b1 and Smad4. Emodin may be an attractive therapeutic agent for treating fibrotic liver diseases.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment can lead to weight gain in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The research highlights the importance of lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and weight management, to mitigate this effect. By ...
Small-for-size graft dysfunction can occur in liver transplant patients with a graft-to-recipient body weight ratio above 0.8%. The study found that patients with a high GV/SLV ratio were more likely to develop early graft dysfunction, highlighting the importance of prompt recognition and timely treatment.
A study of 124 patients with advanced biliary tract cancer found EGFR overexpression in 39.3% of tumors, while HER2 overexpression and gene amplification were present in only 5% of cases. This suggests that targeting EGFR may be a promising therapeutic approach for BTC, while routine testing and targeting of HER2 is not recommended.
A case of post-gastrectomy acute pancreatitis was reported in a patient with gastric carcinoma and pancreas divisum. Early detection and aggressive treatment may improve prognosis for patients with this condition. The study highlights the importance of monitoring pancreatic function after gastrectomy.
Dr. Daniel K. Podolsky, UT Southwestern president, has been elected to the Institute of Medicine for his scientific and medical achievements. He joins 19 current UT Southwestern faculty members as a national member.
A new study published in the October 2009 issue of Gastroenterology found that patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis had a 41 percent reduction in colectomy after one year when treated with infliximab. Treatment with infliximab reduced the incidence of colectomy through 54 weeks by 41 percent.
A new study by the American Gastroenterological Association found that antidepressant amitriptyline is as effective as a placebo in treating child pain-predominant gastrointestinal disorders. The study involved 83 children and showed that both amitriptyline and placebo were associated with excellent therapeutic response.
A recent study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology investigated whether Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy prevents gastric cancer. The research team found that younger patients with successful eradication had significantly lower incidence rates, while no overall prevention was observed for all patients.
Researchers used MDCT to assess IPMN image characteristics, identifying larger cystic lesions and ducts in malignant cases. The combined-type IPMNs had a higher rate of malignancy than other types, while tumors with mural nodules showed a significantly higher incidence of malignancy.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that HBV genotypes B and C were the major genotypes in Indonesia, with genotype B being predominant. The study also identified associations between certain mutations and liver disease progression.
A study found that ERCP quality outcomes, including complication rates, compare favorably with those of academic centers in a community hospital setting. Technical success rates met or exceeded recommended levels, indicating competence among gastroenterologists performing ERCP.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology evaluated 76 cases of living donor liver transplantation and found that the Chengdu formula is reliable. The other formulas, such as Fan and Heinemann, underestimated liver volume, while Urata and Lee overestimated it.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that underlying malignancy, liver cirrhosis, and hematemesis are key predictors of rebleeding after negative angiographic findings. The research team analyzed 128 patients with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding who had negative initial angiography results.
The study investigates proficiency level in laparoscopic splenectomy using the learning curve method, finding a horizontal lazy S-shape with two distinct slopes. Surgeons can be accepted as proficient after performing at least 25 cases, contrary to the widely accepted 'L' shape.
Researchers found a positive correlation between Yes-associated protein (YAP) and survivin expression in gastric carcinoma, suggesting YAP's role in inducing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. The study suggests potential for YAP as an early diagnostic marker for gastric carcinoma.
Researchers found that acid refluxing at night results in sleep arousal 89 percent of the time in participants with and without GERD. GERD patients experience longer acid reflux events, leading to increased risk for complicated disease and esophageal cancer. This association suggests a bi-directional link between sleep problems and GERD.
A study published in Gastroenterology found that men with chronic hepatitis C undergoing antiviral therapy experience common sexual dysfunction, including impairment of desire, function, and satisfaction. The average onset of sexual dysfunction was within four weeks of starting therapy.
A study reinterpretated proximal colon polyps as hyperplastic in 2001 revealed a significant inter-observer variation among gastrointestinal pathologists. This discrepancy highlights the need for clarification on the pathologic interpretation of serrated colorectal polyps and their clinical significance.
Researchers found that acute transient hepatocellular injury occurs in patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis without evidence of CBD stones, resolving within weeks after surgery. Markers of liver damage are more severe in those with CBD stones or histologically less severe inflammation.
A rare case of duodenal obstruction after successful embolization for duodenal diverticular hemorrhage was reported. The study highlights the importance of thorough observation of resolving hematomas and conservative treatment before surgery to relieve duodenal fibrotic encasement.
Researchers have discovered a potential therapeutic agent for treating hepatic fibrosis, a scarring condition that impairs liver function and can lead to organ failure. The CCN2 hammerhead ribozyme shows promise in reducing collagen production and cell proliferation, offering new hope for millions affected by liver fibrosis.
The Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation has renewed its three-year grant to support high school students in gastroenterology research careers through the AGA Foundation's Student Research Fellowship Awards program. The program provides funding for students to conduct research under the supervision of an approved preceptor.
A randomized controlled trial found that low-dose imipramine improved global symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS who had failed conventional therapy. The study, published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology, is the largest ever conducted on the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in IBS patients.
Researchers investigated chronic acid-reflux esophagitis in a rat model, discovering epithelial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in the middle to lower esophagus. Ecabet sodium inhibited these changes, suggesting its potential role in preventing reflux esophagitis.
Research in cirrhosis patients reveals low bone formation and increased resorption leading to fragile bones. The study highlights the importance of correcting factors such as inadequate sunlight exposure, reduced physical activity, and vitamin D deficiency to improve bone health.
Researchers found that perianal disease, current smoking, prior steroid use and early azathioprine or biological therapy are predictors of disease behavior change in CD patients. These findings may aid clinicians in choosing the treatment strategy for their patients.
Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have significantly larger fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes compared to healthy controls. However, there is no correlation between gallbladder size or emptying and the occurrence of abdominal pain in PSC patients.
A study found that patients satisfied with their GERD treatment had better health-related quality of life and were more likely to be taken seriously by their physicians. The quality of patient-physician communication was also a key factor in patient satisfaction.
A study by the American Gastroenterological Association found that metformin reduces pancreatic cancer risk in diabetics by 60%. In contrast, insulin and other therapies may increase risk. The study's results suggest metformin could be a tool for primary prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Researchers successfully treated hydatid cysts with RTA, achieving a 100% success rate in necrosis of the endocyst and minimal host tissue damage. The technique also avoided post-RTA fistula occurrence and chemical cholangitis or pneumonia.
Researchers found thermal hyperalgesia in IBS patients compared to controls, with higher sensitivity in those with high FBDSI scores. Controls were less sensitive than C-IBS and D-IBS, with no differences between the two IBS subtypes for pain threshold and tolerance.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that fecal incontinence significantly impacts patients' quality of life, affecting lifestyle, coping behavior, depression, and embarrassment. The results show that over 22% of patients experience severe QOL effects due to FI.
A large abdominal wall lipoma caused bowel obstruction in a patient with Proteus syndrome. Excision of the lipoma improved bowel passage and reduced symptoms. The treatment was successful, allowing the patient to continue medical treatment on an outpatient basis.
A surgical procedure, palliative cardia resection with gastroesophageal reconstruction, was performed on a 82-year-old man with iatrogenic perforation of adenocarcinoma of the GE junction. The patient recovered quickly and showed no complaints after treatment.
Researchers found that adding simethicone to sodium phosphate bowel preparation improved visualization during colonoscopy by reducing air bubbles. However, simethicone did not demonstrate a significant impact on the adequacy of colon preparation.
The study found that molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment is effective in patients with acute liver failure. The etiology of liver failure and the grade of encephalopathy before MARS treatment were significant prognostic factors, while coagulation factor 5 levels were also predictive for unknown etiologies.
Research on Pluronic L-81, a synthetic copolymer, reveals its potential in alleviating obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The study found that L-81 significantly corrected body weight and plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic mice.
A new study found that healthy volunteers who took proton pump inhibitors for eight weeks developed acid-related symptoms like heartburn and dyspepsia when the medication was stopped. The study suggests that long-term use of PPIs may lead to dependency due to rebound acid hypersecretion.
A Mayo Clinic study found celiac disease has become four times more common, with undiagnosed cases associated with a nearly quadrupled mortality risk. The study suggests increased awareness is needed among physicians and patients to diagnose the condition earlier.