Articles tagged with Pathology
Researchers studied the teeth of the Neolithic mummy Ötzi, finding severe oral diseases such as advanced periodontitis and tooth decay. The Iceman's diet, which included starchy foods like bread and cereal porridge, contributed to his dental problems.
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer has developed a guideline for molecular testing in lung cancer, recommending testing for EGFR and ALK abnormalities in all patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. This approach provides individualized treatment options and improved quality of life for patients.
A new tau transmission model opens doors for potential treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases by inducing animal models to mimic the spread of tau pathology. The research demonstrates cell-to-cell transmission of neurodegenerative proteins, offering therapeutic opportunities.
A study found that younger gamblers experience fewer health problems and lower debt compared to middle-aged and older adults. Early intervention during the onset of pathological gambling is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Researchers created a high-resolution atlas of the human heart using 3D images from 138 people, demonstrating its feasibility for comparing individual cases and differentiating healthy from pathologies. The study provides a statistical description of the heart's shape and variations, offering an advantage over existing cardiac models.
The Association for Molecular Pathology report on next-generation sequencing technology addresses current technical, bioinformatic, and clinical implementation considerations. The report aims to improve patient care by exploring the clinical relevance and impact of NGS technologies.
Pathological gamblers exhibit abnormally increased reward expectancy, leading to overoptimistic expectations of gambling outcomes. Brain activity studies reveal a higher activation in reward areas when expecting potential wins, contributing to the addictive mechanism.
Researchers found that high baseline levels of neuronal activity in key brain regions may contribute to Alzheimer's development. The study suggests that brain dynamics could play a causal role in the disease.
A new study demonstrates the potential of natural language processing (NLP) to measure performance on colonoscopy quality measures. The NLP-based computer software application efficiently analyzed a large sample of colonoscopy reports, revealing clear variation in performance even within a highly regarded academic health care system.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that targets a specific enzyme to stop the spread of brain bleeds and protect brain cells from further damage after a stroke. The compound has potential for use in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, offering a longer window of treatment for patients.
Bruce S. Rabin has made significant contributions to the understanding of the immune system's interaction with the nervous system, endocrine organs, and mental health. He has elucidated many dark corners of immunology and brought sound immunologic principles to the study of mental health and disease in humans.
Studies presented at DDW 2012 explored new high-definition colonoscopes, self-assembling magnets for endoscopic bypass, and capsule endoscopes. These innovations showed increased accuracy and decreased cost or invasiveness of procedures, with potential benefits including reduced costs and fewer complications.
Researchers have found that measuring progesterone receptor expression can improve hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer management. The study identifies a subpopulation of patients with high survival rates when treated with endocrine therapy alone, and could lead to a more personalized medicine approach in breast cancer.
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has demonstrated that a range of diagnostic spinal fluid tests are needed to differentiate between brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The studies found that biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, including tau and amy...
A new gene-editing tool using TALENs has been developed, enabling researchers to target any DNA sequence with high accuracy. The FLASH system allows for the automated construction of up to 96 TALENs in a single day at a low cost.
Researchers validated protease cathepsin B as a target to improve memory deficits and reduce amyloid plaque pathology in an animal model representative of most AD patients. Deleting the CatB gene improved memory deficits while reducing amyloid plaque, mimicking that found in AD.
A study by Boston University School of Medicine researchers found a direct link between diesel exhaust particulates, house dust extract, and pulmonary inflammation that aggravates asthma. Cleaning can reduce some allergen exposure, but DEP is harder to avoid in urban environments.
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine have made a breakthrough using century-old brain samples to detect mental illness. The goal is to create a simple blood test for conditions like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and PTSD, which could lead to faster diagnoses and improved patient care.
Researchers found that UK doctors are reluctant to cite smoking as a cause of death on death certificates due to concerns about stigmatizing the deceased. In contrast, alcohol was cited as a cause in over half of cases linked to excessive drinking.
Researchers found that Fox Chase Cancer Center's pathologists can better predict prostate cancer recurrence using their own Gleason scores than those from other institutions. This accuracy enables doctors to advise patients on the best treatment options and outcomes.
A study published in The American Journal of Pathology reveals a novel mechanism for pillar formation during intussusceptive angiogenesis in tumors. The researchers found that targeting just one type of blood vessel formation may not be sufficient to slow tumor growth, and instead propose a more tailored approach to anti-tumor therapy.
A Stanford study has linked gamma-interferon, a key immune molecule, to the severity of asthma. High levels of gamma-interferon in children's blood may protect against asthma development, but severe asthmatics' lungs often have high concentrations.
A new study uses creative engineering to unravel brain mechanisms associated with self-consciousness, identifying the TPJ as critical for self-location and first-person perspective. The research found that brain damage interfering with multisensory body information may lead to pathological changes in these subjective states.
Researchers at Wayne State University identified three potential subtypes of gamblers: emotionally vulnerable, behaviorally conditioned, and antisocial impulsive. However, their study found that subtyping did not predict treatment outcomes, with all groups showing similar recovery patterns despite varying levels of addiction severity.
The ASGE has established guidelines for the use of real-time endoscopic assessment in managing diminutive colorectal polyps. The recommendations aim to minimize risk and delay while improving cost effectiveness of colonoscopy. Diminutive polyps are common, but pathological assessment can be costly and delay patient information.
A recent pathology study suggests that mifepristone could be a therapeutic option for women with severe uterine fibroid symptoms. The research confirms that the drug does not trigger cancerous lesions in the uterus, but rather causes benign changes such as fluid-filled glands and abnormal blood vessels.
A new University of Michigan study suggests that routine analysis of pediatric tonsillectomy specimens may not be worth the money. The analysis rarely leads to the discovery of hidden disease. Pathologists examine tonsillectomy specimens in two ways, but microscopic examination is nearly three times more expensive than visual inspectio...
Researchers developed computer-assisted diagnosis tools to grade Follicular Lymphoma samples more accurately and efficiently. The tools use high-resolution images and machine learning algorithms to identify malignant regions and classify disease grades, promising faster and more accurate diagnoses.
A combination of lapatinib, trastuzumab, and paclitaxel significantly improved tumor response rates compared to single-agent treatments in patients with HER2-positive breast cancers, according to early data from the NeoALTTO Trial. The study suggests that dual blockade against HER2 is an efficient way to target HER2-positive tumors.
A recent study by University of Montreal researchers found that pathological gamblers are three times more likely to commit suicide than non-gamblers due to co-occurring personality disorders. The study also showed that these individuals rarely seek health professional help, exacerbating their financial and emotional problems.
A survey of 11,888 Quebec adults found that nearly 70% have gambled in the past year and spend an average of $483. Researchers also identified higher risks among video lottery terminal users and online gamblers.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have developed a new method to analyze biopsies from heart transplant patients by examining their genes, allowing for early prediction of treatment success. This approach uses software algorithms to reduce data to key numbers necessary for diagnosis and prognosis.
Loyola University Hospital reduced blood transfusions by 10% in 2009, saving $453,355, while improving patient safety without compromising care. The new blood management program implemented evidence-based indications and protocols to reduce unnecessary transfusions.
A study has discovered that progerin, the protein responsible for Progeria, is present in the vasculature of the general population and increases with age. Researchers found that progerin levels in coronary arteries increased by an average of 3.3% per year between one month and 97 years.
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis researchers have developed a new methodology to improve identification of breast cancer tissue by pathology laboratories. Their work, recognized internationally, has been selected as the best scientific paper in the
Physicians in Northern Ontario communities can now access specialized UHN pathologists for fast and accurate diagnosis, saving time and improving patient care. The new telepathology system enables instant transmission of digital images of pathology samples, reducing travel times from hours to minutes.
Experts in pathology are advocating for a comprehensive training program to integrate genomics and personalized medicine into daily practices. The proposed curriculum would cover laboratory medicine, genetic counseling, and health information technology, enabling pathologists to serve as primary consultants for physicians and patients.
A study found that having a pathologist on-site during ultrasound-guided thyroid biopsies decreased the inadequacy rate from 13.5% to 5%. This improvement could reduce repeat biopsy rates by up to 60%, making more efficient use of resources. The study recommends using on-site pathology for large numbers of thyroid biopsies.
Researchers used MR spectroscopy to analyze the biochemical makeup of prostate glands and accurately identified the location of tissue confirmed to be malignant. The approach achieved an accuracy of over 90% in detecting stage II tumors and could potentially guide treatment planning.
Researchers developed a mathematical methodology to reduce biologic variation in laboratory results, improving the sensitivity of detecting physiologic changes. By using multiple paired sets of patient data, they found a substantial decrease in the difference necessary to achieve a given confidence interval.
Mark A. Smith, Ph.D., has been awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellowship for his distinguished contributions to neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer's disease research. He is recognized for his work on oxidative stress and cell cycle alterations in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that medications used to treat substance addictions can also help suppress the urge to gamble, particularly for those driven by urge. Medications targeting the brain opioid system or catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) enzyme showed positive outcomes in treating pathological gambling disorder.
Researchers found that 66% of inner city pediatric voice clinic patients presented with hoarseness, while 77% had vocal nodules. This suggests a significant prevalence of vocal health issues in this population, highlighting the importance of laryngeal examination in all pediatric patients with vocal nodules.
UQ researchers developed a rapid molecular assay to detect swine flu in under two weeks, diagnosing the first Australian case. The tests have been implemented at several hospitals and used to detect cases in the Northern Territory.
A study reinterpretated proximal colon polyps as hyperplastic in 2001 revealed a significant inter-observer variation among gastrointestinal pathologists. This discrepancy highlights the need for clarification on the pathologic interpretation of serrated colorectal polyps and their clinical significance.
The MOSAIC program is a four-year training initiative for graduate students to work with immigrant children learning English as a second language. The program addresses inadequate training of speech-language pathologists to diagnose communication disorders in multilingual children, targeting rural states with high numbers of ESL learners.
Researchers investigated chronic acid-reflux esophagitis in a rat model, discovering epithelial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in the middle to lower esophagus. Ecabet sodium inhibited these changes, suggesting its potential role in preventing reflux esophagitis.
Researchers found that only 61.9% of patients assigned a billing diagnosis code for Barrett's esophagus actually had the condition after manual record review. A pathologic diagnosis was highly likely to be reproduced by separate reviews, but electronic coding confirmed only 61.9% of cases.
The study analyzes the feet of Homo floresiensis, finding they had human-like and early hominin traits, with a primitive big toe and lack of arch, suggesting inefficient gait. This evidence supports the idea that Homo floresiensis was an isolated population of early hominins.
Dr. Cun-Yu Wang is recognized for his groundbreaking research in cancer therapy and oral health, with a focus on molecular signaling, inflammation, and adult human stem cells. He joins an elite group of scientists honored by IADR for their contributions to advancing oral health knowledge worldwide.
A new technique for staging bladder cancer has shown encouraging results, accurately identifying tumors in 95.2% of specimens and avoiding unnecessary bladder removals in some cases. The technique uses an antibody to distinguish between deep muscle layers, reducing the risk of mistaken diagnoses.
Researchers at UQ found that speech and language disorders can be validly and reliably assessed over the internet using a telerehabilitation application. This technology holds promise for addressing inequities in access to rehabilitation services, particularly in rural and remote areas.
A brain imaging study found that individuals with higher education levels scored higher on cognitive tests despite having evidence of brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study supports the 'cognitive reserve' hypothesis, which suggests that greater cognitive abilities can delay symptoms of the disease. Education was ...
A Mayo Clinic study implemented a radio-frequency identification system to track biopsy specimens and automate identification. The initiative resulted in a significant reduction of specimen-labeling errors, from 765 in 2007 to 47 in 2008. The new labeling system improved safety and quality efforts in specimen management.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that HCV-infected patients without initial liver damage are at risk of fibrosis progression. Factors associated with this development include elevated transaminases, body mass index above 25, and time interval between biopsies.
A new prognostic biomarker has been identified in cases of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), suggesting a direct relationship between pRb2/p130 expression and clinical outcome. Lower levels of the gene are associated with higher risk of recurrence and death from STS, offering potential for improved treatment strategies.
A new computer program may reveal a way to predict premature birth with greater accuracy. The system, developed by Australian researchers and a pathology company, analyzes hormone levels to identify high-risk pregnancies.
A study published in Neurology found that physical frailty is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology in both people with and without dementia. The researchers found that participants with high levels of AD pathology had approximately twice the level of frailty compared to those with low levels.
Bernardino Ghetti, a renowned Indiana University Alzheimer's disease researcher, has been awarded the Henry M. Wisniewski Award for his lifetime contributions to Alzheimer's research and understanding of dementia mechanisms.
The International Association for Dental Research presents the 2008 Oral Medicine & Pathology Research Award to Dr. Paul Speight for his contributions to understanding oral cancer, screening, and early detection of lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome patients. His research focuses on photodynamic therapy and has been widely published.