Articles tagged with Pathology
A study published in The Lancet Digital Health demonstrates an AI program's highest accuracy to date in recognizing and characterizing prostate cancer. The algorithm achieved 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity in detecting prostate cancer, surpassing previously reported results.
A UCLA-led study found that dermatopathologists are motivated by both patient safety concerns and malpractice fears when ordering additional tests. The study surveyed 160 dermatopathologists in the US, who reported a strong emphasis on patient safety as a driving factor for their actions.
A study published in Lancet Global Health reveals a significant diagnostic error in almost 40% of maternal deaths in Maputo's central hospital in Mozambique. The results highlight the need to improve access to specific diagnostic tests and strengthen clinical skills among healthcare workers.
Researchers developed a modified dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI protocol to detect chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in football players. The test measures blood-brain barrier leakage, revealing localized vascular pathology that persists for months in affected players.
Researchers found that excessive antioxidants can lead to pathological changes in hearts, causing enlarged hearts and diastolic dysfunction. Chronic antioxidant consumption without knowing one's redox state might result in reductive stress, which can induce pathology and slowly damage the heart.
A recent six-year study on video game addiction found that about 90% of gamers do not play in a way that is harmful or causes negative long-term consequences. However, a significant minority can become truly addicted to video games, suffering mentally and socially. The study identified predictors such as being male and having low level...
Researchers discover Foxg1's role in controlling brain electrical activity, shedding light on rare genetic diseases like Rett Syndrome and West Syndrome. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for developing future therapeutic interventions.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has released consensus recommendations to aid in the design, validation and interpretation of clinical genotyping tests for predicting warfarin response. The guidelines define a minimum set of pharmacogenetic alleles for inclusion in clinical warfarin sensitivity genotyping tests.
A new AI model has been developed to classify colorectal polyps on histology slides with high accuracy, performing as well as practicing pathologists. The model was trained on a dataset from 24 different institutions and evaluated on an external dataset, demonstrating its generalizability.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical pathologies in global systems, including overpopulation, globalization, and hyperconnectivity. These systemic conditions increase the risk of catastrophic failure, making it essential to address them through paradigmatic transformations.
Researchers from Université de Genève have discovered an internal structure at the center of centrioles, crucial organelles that form the cell skeleton. This finding provides a better understanding of centriole functions and pathologies associated with their dysfunction, including ciliopathies and retinal disorders.
A smart contact lens has been developed to monitor xerophthalmia and high intraocular pressure disease, providing real-time color changes based on moisture and pressure levels. The device features periodic nanostructures within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix, offering superior biosafety and comfort.
Researchers at ORNL developed a multitask convolutional neural network to extract key information from cancer pathology reports. The AI tool can complete multiple tasks simultaneously, reducing processing time by an average of five times compared to single-task models.
Angela Wandinger-Ness, a distinguished pathologist, has been honored with the AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award for her dedication to increasing diversity in STEM fields. Through her research and mentorship, she has mentored approximately 270 scientists from underrepresented communities.
Biopsies from donated kidneys often show different results than initial readings, casting doubt on decision-making based on these findings. However, a second biopsy performed in standard conditions provided useful information about organ function after transplantation.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center developed an AI system that accurately diagnoses prostate cancer aggressiveness using deep learning. The system performed better than ten human pathologists and provided consistent results, reducing the need for subjective Gleason scoring.
Researchers developed an AI system that can detect and grade prostate cancer with accuracy comparable to world-leading uro-pathologists. The system has the potential to significantly reduce the workload of uro-pathologists and improve diagnostic quality.
A recent study published in Nature Communications used AI to analyze pathology images from human cancer patients and identified new features relevant to cancer prognosis. The AI's predictions were found to be more accurate than those made by human pathologists, with a higher accuracy rate when combined with human-established criteria.
Researchers found that out-of-network billing at in-network hospitals occurs in about 10% of cases involving anesthesiologists, pathologists, radiologists, and assistant surgeons. This practice can lead to unexpected and expensive medical bills for patients with private health insurance.
A new study suggests that dofetilide, an FDA-approved antiarrhythmic drug, may counteract pathological changes in potassium channels associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In experimental models, dofetilide inhibited PAH-related vascular remodeling and improved lung function.
Increasing 40Hz gamma rhythm power in the brain has been shown to strengthen neural connections and improve symptoms in Alzheimer's disease models. The study used light flickering or sound buzzing at 40Hz to achieve this effect, which was found to decline pathological amyloid and tau protein buildups and protect neurons from degeneration.
A team of researchers has developed an AI-powered system that can analyze placentas using computerized photographic image analysis, potentially improving health outcomes for mothers and babies. The system uses artificial intelligence to detect features linked to abnormalities and potential health risks.
Researchers from Russia and Germany discovered that activation of GDNF helps protect brain cells from death during hypoxic damage, maintaining neural network activity. This finding can lead to the development of an effective method for correcting CNS pathologies developing under oxygen deficiency.
A recent study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has made significant strides in understanding the role of proteins called TDP-43 in ALS. The researchers found that TDP-43 aggregates in nerve cells can cause a toxic effect, leading to paralysis. This discovery opens up new avenues for developing effective treatments and therapies.
A study of 526 older adults found that hospitalizations accelerated cognitive decline, especially for those with more brain pathology. The research suggests that having Alzheimer's-related changes in the brain is bad enough, but being hospitalized adds insult to injury.
A new study finds that obtaining a second opinion from board-certified dermatopathologists improves the accuracy of diagnosing melanoma, reducing misclassification rates. The study's findings suggest that expert second opinions provide value in improving diagnostic reliability, especially for complex cases.
Researchers warn that stem cell therapies for shoulder and elbow injuries have far outpaced supporting scientific data, with many treatments still unproven. The clinical data for these treatments are currently limited, and a greater understanding of optimal formulations and dosing schedules is needed to determine their effectiveness.
A new study reveals that a protein called caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is depleted in the temporal lobe of humans with type-2 diabetes and in a diabetic mouse model, leading to increased Alzheimer's disease pathology. Restoring Cav-1 levels in mice reduced Alzheimer's pathology and improved learning and memory deficits.
Researchers at Aarhus University have found evidence that Parkinson's disease may arise in the intestinal system, with harmful proteins like alpha-synuclein migrating to the brain and heart. This new study suggests that understanding how the disease starts could lead to more effective treatments.
A study of 502 individuals found that high blood pressure and increasing blood pressure during midlife are associated with reduced brain volume and white matter lesions in later life. However, there is no evidence that these associations are linked to cognitive decline or the build-up of beta-amyloid plaques.
A new AI system developed at UCLA has shown promising results in accurately reading biopsies and diagnosing breast cancer. The system outperformed human pathologists in distinguishing between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypia, a type of abnormal cell associated with higher breast cancer risk.
A study of 180 deceased football players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) investigated the association between brain white matter pathologic changes, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. The findings suggest that brain damage in deceased football players is linked to increased risk of dementia.
A study of 21 macaque monkeys found that primary and secondary infections with Zika virus did not amplify symptoms, contradicting previous tissue culture and mouse findings. The study suggests that combining a Zika vaccine with a dengue vaccine may be necessary to prevent enhancement of either virus.
A novel laboratory test developed at Johns Hopkins Medicine can accurately detect malignant and benign breast tumors in a mere 5 hours, significantly reducing the wait time for diagnosis. The test exploits epigenetic alterations and has the potential to dramatically reduce wait times and improve survival rates in resource-poor settings.
A team of researchers has created a novel technology that combines multi-spectral imaging and supercomputing to study brain pathology in concussions. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the injury's effects on brain cells, enabling the development of new treatment regimens.
A large study found chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in nearly 6% of athletes and non-athletes, with American football players at highest risk. The study's findings suggest a significant public health issue, but also emphasize the importance of safe sports practices and further research into CTE pathology.
A study by Professor Raquel Cantero of the University of Malaga has found a direct correlation between mobile phone use and thumb pain. The researcher predicts that changes in thumb use due to technology could lead to alterations in hand evolution.
Researchers have developed a new, 3D tissue imaging technique that allows for the study of cell details without cutting tissues. This enables better diagnosis and treatment for diseases like cancer by distinguishing between subtypes.
A joint report from AMP and CAP provides evidence-based recommendations for designing and validating clinical CYP2C9 assays, promoting standardization and improving patient care. The report defines a minimum set of alleles and their variants that should be included in all clinical CYP2C9 genotyping tests.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have developed an open-source quality-control tool to assess the quality of digital tissue slides. The tool, called Histo-QC, incorporates measurements and classifiers to flag corrupted images and retain high-quality slides for analysis by computers.
Researchers estimated how common carriers of intermediate and pathological range polyglutamine disease-associated gene variants were among the general population using data from five European studies. The study found that approximately 2% of participants carried intermediate range variants and 1% carried pathological range variants.
A recent study published in Nature reveals that the pathological tau protein in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) has a unique 3D structure compared to Alzheimer's disease. The discovery was made possible by cryogenic electron microscopy and may lead to the development of novel diagnostic agents and treatments for CTE.
Scientists at Northwestern University have discovered that an existing therapy used to treat Alzheimer's disease may also be effective for patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), a type of dementia that destroys language. The study found that individuals with PPA exhibit the same loss of cholinergic neurons and axons in the fo...
Researchers developed an AI platform to detect neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The Precise Informatics Platform uses deep learning to accurately identify neurofibrillary tangles in digitized images.
A team of researchers at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center has developed a deep neural network to classify different types of lung adenocarcinoma on histopathology slides. The model achieved high accuracy comparable to that of pathologists, showing great potential for assisting in prognosis and treatment.
A new sleep index developed by Magdy Younes predicts the success of weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation. Longer durations of full wakefulness are highly correlated with a successful separation, while poor correlation between brain hemispheres predicts failure.
A new diagnostic technique using infrared imaging and proteomics has identified a protein biomarker called AHNAK2 that can accurately distinguish between bladder cancer and benign inflammation. The technique has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between various stages of bladder cancer.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discover that a blood-clotting protein called fibrinogen destroys connections between neurons in the brain, resulting in cognitive decline. This finding offers an alternative explanation for memory loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
A newly developed model of central retinal vein occlusion in mice demonstrates the protective effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) and its receptor activity-modifying protein RAMP2. The study suggests that the ADM-RAMP2 system could be a novel therapeutic target for treating retinal vein occlusion, which affects millions worldwide.
Researchers will investigate the GI lymphatic system's impact on diabetes reversal after bariatric surgery. The five-year grant aims to shed light on the mechanism involved in reversing diabetes through disruption of lymphatic circulation in an animal model.
The University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust will create a digital pathology clinical network and research programme with a £10.1m UK Research and Innovation investment. The project aims to develop artificial intelligence tools for pathology diagnosis, generating over 760,000 images per year.
A recent study found that procurement biopsies taken when kidneys are procured from donors were not reliable for determining suitability for transplantation. This lack of reliability may result in unnecessary kidney discard and reduced organ utilization, prompting a need to re-examine the role of such biopsies in organ allocation.
A study of male and female mice found that chronic short sleep and chronic fragmentation of sleep accelerate Alzheimer's disease-related tau pathology. Healthy sleep habits during adolescence and early adulthood may help prevent progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
A Swedish-US study found that premature babies with low platelet levels have a fourfold increased risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity, a condition that can cause permanent vision impairment and blindness. Injections of platelets may provide new therapeutic possibilities for treating this disease.
A study published in Radiology found that minimally invasive autopsy with CT and MRI performs as well as conventional autopsy in detecting cause of death, yielding more diagnoses. The procedure provides a permanent record of the entire body that can be revisited and reanalyzed by pathologists, radiologists, clinicians, and next-of-kin.
Drs. Jonathan Rothberg, Roger Klein and Kevin Halling are being recognized for their groundbreaking work and longstanding commitment to advancing patient care and the field of molecular diagnostics. Drs. Rothberg is receiving AMP's highest honor for his pioneering work in genomics and inventions like massively parallel DNA sequencing.
Reinforced mortar coating improves the compressive strength of clay bricks, increasing their capacity to withstand external loads. The experimental results indicate an increase in both coated and non-coated prisms, with a significant improvement in the load-carrying capacity.
Current understanding of human physiology and surgery in space is crucial for future astronauts. The review highlights novel pathologies that could arise from prolonged weightlessness and exposure to cosmic radiation, emphasizing the need for specialized training and medical preparedness.
A recent study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that patients' self-reports of personality disorder traits are more accurate than previously believed. The research suggests that clinicians' diagnoses may be less reliable than thought, and that using similar evaluation tools can bridge the gap between...
A new atlas maps out comprehensive information on glioblastoma at the cellular and molecular levels, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment. The atlas, created by an international team led by Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, provides a road map of different cells and potential molecular changes in glioblastoma tumors.