Articles tagged with Pathology
Researchers from Russia and Germany discovered that activation of GDNF helps protect brain cells from death during hypoxic damage, maintaining neural network activity. This finding can lead to the development of an effective method for correcting CNS pathologies developing under oxygen deficiency.
A team of researchers has developed an AI-powered system that can analyze placentas using computerized photographic image analysis, potentially improving health outcomes for mothers and babies. The system uses artificial intelligence to detect features linked to abnormalities and potential health risks.
A recent study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has made significant strides in understanding the role of proteins called TDP-43 in ALS. The researchers found that TDP-43 aggregates in nerve cells can cause a toxic effect, leading to paralysis. This discovery opens up new avenues for developing effective treatments and therapies.
A study of 526 older adults found that hospitalizations accelerated cognitive decline, especially for those with more brain pathology. The research suggests that having Alzheimer's-related changes in the brain is bad enough, but being hospitalized adds insult to injury.
A new study finds that obtaining a second opinion from board-certified dermatopathologists improves the accuracy of diagnosing melanoma, reducing misclassification rates. The study's findings suggest that expert second opinions provide value in improving diagnostic reliability, especially for complex cases.
Researchers warn that stem cell therapies for shoulder and elbow injuries have far outpaced supporting scientific data, with many treatments still unproven. The clinical data for these treatments are currently limited, and a greater understanding of optimal formulations and dosing schedules is needed to determine their effectiveness.
A new study reveals that a protein called caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is depleted in the temporal lobe of humans with type-2 diabetes and in a diabetic mouse model, leading to increased Alzheimer's disease pathology. Restoring Cav-1 levels in mice reduced Alzheimer's pathology and improved learning and memory deficits.
Researchers at Aarhus University have found evidence that Parkinson's disease may arise in the intestinal system, with harmful proteins like alpha-synuclein migrating to the brain and heart. This new study suggests that understanding how the disease starts could lead to more effective treatments.
A study of 502 individuals found that high blood pressure and increasing blood pressure during midlife are associated with reduced brain volume and white matter lesions in later life. However, there is no evidence that these associations are linked to cognitive decline or the build-up of beta-amyloid plaques.
A new AI system developed at UCLA has shown promising results in accurately reading biopsies and diagnosing breast cancer. The system outperformed human pathologists in distinguishing between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypia, a type of abnormal cell associated with higher breast cancer risk.
A study of 180 deceased football players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) investigated the association between brain white matter pathologic changes, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. The findings suggest that brain damage in deceased football players is linked to increased risk of dementia.
A study of 21 macaque monkeys found that primary and secondary infections with Zika virus did not amplify symptoms, contradicting previous tissue culture and mouse findings. The study suggests that combining a Zika vaccine with a dengue vaccine may be necessary to prevent enhancement of either virus.
A novel laboratory test developed at Johns Hopkins Medicine can accurately detect malignant and benign breast tumors in a mere 5 hours, significantly reducing the wait time for diagnosis. The test exploits epigenetic alterations and has the potential to dramatically reduce wait times and improve survival rates in resource-poor settings.
A team of researchers has created a novel technology that combines multi-spectral imaging and supercomputing to study brain pathology in concussions. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the injury's effects on brain cells, enabling the development of new treatment regimens.
A large study found chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in nearly 6% of athletes and non-athletes, with American football players at highest risk. The study's findings suggest a significant public health issue, but also emphasize the importance of safe sports practices and further research into CTE pathology.
A study by Professor Raquel Cantero of the University of Malaga has found a direct correlation between mobile phone use and thumb pain. The researcher predicts that changes in thumb use due to technology could lead to alterations in hand evolution.
Researchers have developed a new, 3D tissue imaging technique that allows for the study of cell details without cutting tissues. This enables better diagnosis and treatment for diseases like cancer by distinguishing between subtypes.
A joint report from AMP and CAP provides evidence-based recommendations for designing and validating clinical CYP2C9 assays, promoting standardization and improving patient care. The report defines a minimum set of alleles and their variants that should be included in all clinical CYP2C9 genotyping tests.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have developed an open-source quality-control tool to assess the quality of digital tissue slides. The tool, called Histo-QC, incorporates measurements and classifiers to flag corrupted images and retain high-quality slides for analysis by computers.
Researchers estimated how common carriers of intermediate and pathological range polyglutamine disease-associated gene variants were among the general population using data from five European studies. The study found that approximately 2% of participants carried intermediate range variants and 1% carried pathological range variants.
A recent study published in Nature reveals that the pathological tau protein in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) has a unique 3D structure compared to Alzheimer's disease. The discovery was made possible by cryogenic electron microscopy and may lead to the development of novel diagnostic agents and treatments for CTE.
Scientists at Northwestern University have discovered that an existing therapy used to treat Alzheimer's disease may also be effective for patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), a type of dementia that destroys language. The study found that individuals with PPA exhibit the same loss of cholinergic neurons and axons in the fo...
Researchers developed an AI platform to detect neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The Precise Informatics Platform uses deep learning to accurately identify neurofibrillary tangles in digitized images.
A team of researchers at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center has developed a deep neural network to classify different types of lung adenocarcinoma on histopathology slides. The model achieved high accuracy comparable to that of pathologists, showing great potential for assisting in prognosis and treatment.
A new sleep index developed by Magdy Younes predicts the success of weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation. Longer durations of full wakefulness are highly correlated with a successful separation, while poor correlation between brain hemispheres predicts failure.
A new diagnostic technique using infrared imaging and proteomics has identified a protein biomarker called AHNAK2 that can accurately distinguish between bladder cancer and benign inflammation. The technique has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between various stages of bladder cancer.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discover that a blood-clotting protein called fibrinogen destroys connections between neurons in the brain, resulting in cognitive decline. This finding offers an alternative explanation for memory loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
A newly developed model of central retinal vein occlusion in mice demonstrates the protective effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) and its receptor activity-modifying protein RAMP2. The study suggests that the ADM-RAMP2 system could be a novel therapeutic target for treating retinal vein occlusion, which affects millions worldwide.
Researchers will investigate the GI lymphatic system's impact on diabetes reversal after bariatric surgery. The five-year grant aims to shed light on the mechanism involved in reversing diabetes through disruption of lymphatic circulation in an animal model.
The University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust will create a digital pathology clinical network and research programme with a £10.1m UK Research and Innovation investment. The project aims to develop artificial intelligence tools for pathology diagnosis, generating over 760,000 images per year.
A recent study found that procurement biopsies taken when kidneys are procured from donors were not reliable for determining suitability for transplantation. This lack of reliability may result in unnecessary kidney discard and reduced organ utilization, prompting a need to re-examine the role of such biopsies in organ allocation.
A study of male and female mice found that chronic short sleep and chronic fragmentation of sleep accelerate Alzheimer's disease-related tau pathology. Healthy sleep habits during adolescence and early adulthood may help prevent progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
A Swedish-US study found that premature babies with low platelet levels have a fourfold increased risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity, a condition that can cause permanent vision impairment and blindness. Injections of platelets may provide new therapeutic possibilities for treating this disease.
A study published in Radiology found that minimally invasive autopsy with CT and MRI performs as well as conventional autopsy in detecting cause of death, yielding more diagnoses. The procedure provides a permanent record of the entire body that can be revisited and reanalyzed by pathologists, radiologists, clinicians, and next-of-kin.
Drs. Jonathan Rothberg, Roger Klein and Kevin Halling are being recognized for their groundbreaking work and longstanding commitment to advancing patient care and the field of molecular diagnostics. Drs. Rothberg is receiving AMP's highest honor for his pioneering work in genomics and inventions like massively parallel DNA sequencing.
Reinforced mortar coating improves the compressive strength of clay bricks, increasing their capacity to withstand external loads. The experimental results indicate an increase in both coated and non-coated prisms, with a significant improvement in the load-carrying capacity.
Current understanding of human physiology and surgery in space is crucial for future astronauts. The review highlights novel pathologies that could arise from prolonged weightlessness and exposure to cosmic radiation, emphasizing the need for specialized training and medical preparedness.
A recent study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that patients' self-reports of personality disorder traits are more accurate than previously believed. The research suggests that clinicians' diagnoses may be less reliable than thought, and that using similar evaluation tools can bridge the gap between...
A new atlas maps out comprehensive information on glioblastoma at the cellular and molecular levels, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment. The atlas, created by an international team led by Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, provides a road map of different cells and potential molecular changes in glioblastoma tumors.
Recent studies by Case Western Reserve University's Anant Madabhushi show that his diagnostic imaging lab's 'deep learning' computers can accurately diagnose heart failure and detect various cancers. The machines offer valuable tools for pathologists and radiologists, helping them become more efficient in their work.
A team of researchers has identified a previously unknown feature of human anatomy, revealing layers of the body as interconnected, fluid-filled compartments. This discovery has significant implications for understanding organ function, disease progression, and the development of new diagnostic tools.
A Chinese AI system can diagnose prostate cancer with accuracy comparable to human pathologists, offering potential benefits for streamlining cancer diagnosis and overcoming pathologist shortages. The system was developed using a learning algorithm and showed promise in accurately classifying malignancy levels and Gleason Grades.
Researchers developed AI software to predict glioma patient survival by analyzing tissue biopsies, outperforming human pathologists' predictions. The approach combines deep-learning and conventional methods to provide more accurate and consistent information for doctors.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published consensus-based recommendations for clinical CYP2C19 genotyping allele selection. The guidelines aim to standardize testing across laboratories and improve concordance, enabling better patient care.
Researchers found four cases of amyloid beta pathology in brain blood vessels after childhood neurosurgery, sparking concerns over potential transmission of protein pathology. The study's findings were supported by a review of medical literature and suggest that neurosurgical instruments may be responsible.
Researchers found that people from Western Germany have higher levels of narcissism than those from Eastern Germany, with a greater impact on the younger generation. Self-esteem scores were opposite, with East Germans recording higher scores.
A panel of experts has issued new guidelines for molecular diagnostic testing and treatment decisions in lung cancer. The updates reflect recent advancements and decades of work to identify the genetic underpinnings of lung cancer, helping oncologists match patients with effective therapies.
Researchers found that banded mongooses transmit a novel tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium mungi, through olfactory secretions, infecting other animals in their social group. The study provides insight into the evolution of this unique transmission route and its implications for understanding tuberculosis.
Researchers discovered that a yeast protein's prion domain acts like a stress sensor, triggering the formation of protective droplets and gels to help cells recover from stress. This finding suggests that prion domains have a positive function beyond their association with disease-causing aggregates.
Dr. Jeffrey Actor has been awarded $1.7 million to investigate a novel recombinant lactoferrin for use as a preclinical research tool to alter granuloma pathology in tuberculosis. This could limit development of lung disease and slow transmission of organisms between individuals.
Researchers found that mild traumatic brain injury can lead to lifelong degenerative changes, including learning and working memory impairment. Studies on mice revealed ongoing neuroinflammation and neuron projection degeneration after a single or repetitive TBI, with some animals showing motor deficits.
A new microscope technology using ultraviolet light enables fast and accurate imaging of fresh tissue samples, revolutionizing pathology and medical research. This approach eliminates the need for time-consuming slide preparation and preserving tissue, making it an essential tool for improving patient care and research nationwide.
The Universal Genomics Instructor Handbook and Toolkit provides a comprehensive 'how-to' guide for implementing genomics education in various medical specialties. The toolkit contains four exercises and resources for clinicians to gain introductory training in genomic medicine.
The Association for Molecular Pathology publishes consensus recommendations for validating next-generation sequencing bioinformatics pipelines. The guidelines emphasize the critical role of trained molecular laboratory professionals and provide practical advice for laboratories.
A new diagnostic test found that disappearing of heart murmur while standing reliably rules out pathologic heart murmurs in children. The test showed a high predictive positive value and specificity, but poor sensitivity, making it a valuable tool for primary care docs to exclude costly cardiologist referrals.
A new study has re-examined a 1970s-discovered ichthyosaur, Protoichthyosaurus, and found major differences in its forefin structure compared to Ichthyosaurus. The discovery of fake fins added to some specimens led to the recognition of a new species, Protoichthyosaurus applebyi.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has awarded prestigious honors to Drs. Andrew P. Feinberg, Gregory J. Tsongalis, and Alexis B. Carter for their outstanding contributions to the field of molecular diagnostics. AMP President Federico A. Monzon praised the award recipients for their decades of service to the society.
Aged chimpanzee brains exhibit pathology similar to human Alzheimer's disease, including Aβ plaques and tau lesions. The study provides the most extensive evidence of AD brain pathology in a primate species, shedding light on the evolution and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Researchers from Kent State University have identified pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in the brains of aged chimpanzees, similar to human Alzheimer's disease brain pathology. The study found amyloid beta plaques and blood vessels in all 20 aged chimpanzee brains, with increasing sizes correlating to age.
Researchers develop a technique called expansion microscopy to physically expand tissues, enabling pathologists to diagnose diseases like early breast cancer with high accuracy and reliability. The method has been shown to improve the resolution of conventional microscopes and can be applied to any type of clinical sample.