A study published in PLOS ONE found that individuals' vaccination attitudes are shaped by their proximity to a disease outbreak, particularly for those who distrust government medical experts. On the other hand, people with high levels of trust in government experts are not affected by disease proximity.
A meta-analysis of 40 studies reveals that individuals with psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder exhibit heightened impulsivity. The study suggests a continuum between impulsive and self-controlled decision-making across different disorders.
A new study found a previously unknown mass extinction event involving minuscule microorganisms, which shaped the Earth's atmosphere approximately 2.05 billion years ago. This die-off is estimated to be even greater than the dinosaur extinction, revealing significant changes in the planet's biosphere.
A community-based wildlife mortality surveillance system has been implemented in Republic of Congo to detect Ebola outbreaks early. The program, developed by WCS and NIH, reaches over 6,600 people and covers an area of 50,000 km2.
Researchers have identified a new gene, ADRB1, that regulates sleep duration, found in individuals requiring significantly less sleep. The gene's variant was shown to alter the receptor's function, leading to shorter sleep periods.
Researchers have developed an implantable optrode array capable of exciting below-surface neurons in large mammal brains. The new device addresses challenges in optical stimulation and neuroscience, enabling studies to link neural activity to specific cognitive functions.
Researchers identified a drug combination that significantly extends patient survival in lung transplant recipients, offering a potential solution to the median survival rate of less than six years after transplantation. Sirolimus plus tacrolimus was associated with a better median survival than MMF plus tacrolimus.
The study reveals that overlapping regions in premotor and parietal cortices represent sequences in multiple levels of motor hierarchy. The primary motor cortex uniquely represents individual finger movements. This finding provides insights into the brain's complex representation of motor sequences.
Researchers at UMass Amherst and Cornell Lab of Ornithology have developed a machine learning system called MistNet to analyze large-scale bird migration data. The tool allows for automation of data processing, enabling scientists to extract valuable information on bird migrations over the continental US.
Two McGill University astronomers have assembled a transit spectrum of Earth, a fingerprint of the planet's atmosphere in infrared light. This detection could help scientists identify planets capable of supporting life, such as TRAPPIST-1 system with seven habitable zone planets.
A multinational study has shown that flood events are becoming increasingly severe in north-western Europe, while decreasing in southern and Eastern Europe. The research, which analyzed river flow data from thousands of locations over a 50-year period, provides clear evidence of the link between climate change and flooding.
A new study suggests that chance and opinion cascades, rather than deeply rooted ideological differences, drive political polarization. The researchers found that early movers can trigger a cascade in which later partisans pile on to their party's position, leading to large political differences.
Researchers found that non-cancerous cells in tumor microenvironment regress into stem cell-like state, supporting cancer growth. This 'corruption' of neighboring cells enables cancer to thrive and spread.
A randomized controlled trial of Positive Minds-Strong Bodies (PMSB) intervention shows improved functioning and mood in racial and ethnic minority and immigrant older adults. The culturally tailored intervention significantly improves mood symptoms and functioning.
A single cholesterol-derived molecule, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), has been found to increase body fat even without a high-fat diet. The molecule affects white adipose tissue and expands the capacity of existing fat cells.
Researchers at University of Warwick have developed a new 3D MRI computing technique that can detect scar muscles in the heart without using gadolinium, which can damage kidneys. This technique reduces stress for patients undergoing MRI scans and provides more precise diagnoses, enabling earlier treatment for heart diseases.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have made the first nickel oxide material that exhibits clear superconducting properties. The discovery is significant as it opens up new possibilities for high-temperature superconductors, which could revolutionize electronic devices and power transmission.
Researchers at King's College London found that early planned delivery for women with preterm pre-eclampsia reduces maternal complications and severe hypertension. The study also showed lower costs compared to the current method of care in the UK.
A study by Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare found that large amounts of certain bacteria from outdoors may protect children from asthma. High diversity of microbes is important in protecting against asthma, but certain soil microbes provide more effective protection.
Researchers found that all three healthy diets emphasized different macronutrients reduced heart cell damage and inflammation. The findings suggest that flexibility in food selection is key to improving cardiovascular health.
Researchers have found biofilms, visible to the naked eye, in cracks of methane-rich sediment in Arctic waters. These findings shed new light on anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and its impact on climate change.
LMU biologists have identified a general alarm signal that activates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in mitochondria, ensuring protein degradation and restoring normal cell function. The signaling pathway is triggered by a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and involves transcription factor ATFS-1.
An international team of scientists has discovered a potential drug that may prevent neuronal death through glucose metabolism modification. The new drug shows promise in treating conditions such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain injury.
Scientists have discovered fresh water leaking from the seabed in the Norwegian Sea, similar to a large underwater aquifer found in the Atlantic Ocean along the US East Coast. The aquifer could be a potential resource for areas with no drinking water on land.
Researchers at MUSC have identified a specific lipoprotein phenotype associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Monitoring these patients closely and taking proactive measures to keep their blood pressure down can help prevent the complication.
Researchers identified a second gene associated with natural short sleep, ADRB1, which promotes wakefulness and regulates sleep. The study suggests that short sleepers experience better sleep quality and sleep efficiency, despite potential health risks.
A national survey found that about one-third of middle- and high-school students were exposed to vaping aerosols in 2018, a 30% increase from previous years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an alarming rise in second-hand e-cigarette exposure among young people.
A stretchable wireless sensor can monitor the healing of cerebral aneurysms by detecting changes in blood flow. The sensor, fabricated using aerosol jet 3D printing, can be seamlessly integrated onto existing medical stents and measures an incoming blood flow to determine how well the aneurysm is healing.
Artificial intelligence methods used to predict enhancer-promoter interactions may result in inflated performance measurements. The study highlights the need for careful experimental design when applying machine learning to genomic research.
A new study reveals that biological processes in the polar Southern Ocean are the key drivers of carbon dioxide absorption, challenging existing assumptions. This finding has significant implications for understanding past and future climate change.
A novel targeting strategy using a click reaction-assisted immune cell targeting (CRAIT) method enables deep tumor penetration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. This approach has shown promising results in reducing tumor burden in aggressive breast cancer models, offering new hope for cancer treatment.
A new study published in BMJ found that blood glucose levels between 48-52mmol/mol do not provide additional protection against organ damage, whereas levels below 48 do not offer further reduced risk. Patients with low HbA1c values need to monitor for excessively low glucose levels and fluctuations.
Patrick M. Woster, Ph.D., has been inducted into the Medicinal Chemistry Hall of Fame for his significant contributions to the field, including the discovery of novel therapeutics such as antimalarial and antibacterial agents. His work also emphasizes the crucial role of medicinal chemists in the drug discovery pipeline.
A new dual imaging approach combines transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and photoacoustic imaging to detect anatomical features and molecular information of the prostate. This technology has shown promise in detecting prostate cancers with high accuracy, including distinguishing malignant regions in patients with advanced disease.
A large international research project found that climate change is impacting the severity of flood events across Europe. Floods are increasing in central and north-western Europe due to rising precipitation and soil humidity, while decreasing in southern Europe where warmer temperatures lead to increased evaporation.
A study comparing survey and sales data found that estimated total cigarette consumption in England fell by almost one-quarter between 2011 and 2018. The decline is equivalent to approximately 1.4 billion cigarettes per year, highlighting the need for continued tobacco control efforts.
A Rutgers-led study confirms extreme impacts from US vs. Russia nuclear war, predicting a global temperature drop of over 15 degrees Fahrenheit and a 90% reduction in growing seasons.
Researchers discovered that spillover, especially of wind-dispersed plant species, promotes biodiversity in restored grasslands. This is crucial for recovering endangered temperate grasslands.
A new study identifies PoEMs as promoting breast cancer metastasis through the loosening of lymph vessel connections. Removing these cells reduces the ability of breast cancer cells to spread. The findings suggest targeting PoEMs in cancer therapy, specifically targeting cancer-associated lymphatic vessels.
A new study found that married people are less likely to develop dementia as they age, whereas divorced individuals are twice as likely to experience the condition. The research analyzed data from over 15,000 respondents and suggests that marital status is an important social risk factor for dementia.
Research funded by Cancer Research UK found that average monthly cigarette consumption fell by 24.4% based on survey data and 24.1% based on sales data between 2011 and 2018. The decline suggests that stricter tobacco laws and quitting smoking initiatives are working, with current smoking rates at 16% of English adults.
A new study reveals that young people aged 14-24 overwhelmingly support the right of transgender individuals to use the bathroom they feel most comfortable in. Contrary to current policies in many schools, youth respondents believe bathroom use is a personal and private decision, and a matter of equality, freedom, and human rights. Thi...
A new study published in BMJ Open found that patients with gout are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. The largest-ever study on the subject used data from over 620,000 patients in the UK health system and found a 29% higher risk of advanced CKD compared to those without gout.
Research from the University of Colorado Boulder found autism rates increasing by double digits among racial minorities, with black rates exceeding those of whites in most states. Hispanic rates grew faster than any other group, while prevalence among white youth is ticking up again after a plateau in the mid-2000s.
Tropical Storm Dorian is expected to produce heavy rainfall, with accumulations ranging from 1-10 inches. NASA's Aqua satellite analyzed cloud top temperatures to indicate strong storms capable of creating life-threatening flash floods.
A music-based biofeedback system has shown promise in improving deadlift technique, achieving similar results to instructor feedback. The study found that recreational weightlifters who received real-time audio feedback improved their technique and reported increased clarity and enjoyment.
Researchers developed an AI-powered decision-making system to streamline experiments, reducing measurement time and improving data quality. The algorithm selects the most uncertain step to measure next, maximizing information gain and ending experiments when additional measurements are unnecessary.
A study on a 9,000-year-old grave in southern Jordan provides new insights into emerging leadership in early farming communities. The authors propose that the presence of exotic items and proximity to other graves suggest a person who achieved individual prestige through trade networks while maintaining close status within the community.
A proof-of-concept trial found ecopipam significantly reduced stuttering symptoms, including increased speech fluency and faster reading completion. The medication was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse effects or signals of weight gain or abnormal movement disorders.
An interdisciplinary group of scholars urges animal behavior scientists to engage in growing ethical conversation, highlighting broader impacts on moral standing and conservation. Greater integration between animal ethics and behavior communities may benefit ethical theory and practice.
A new study finds Europe's summers are becoming hotter and winters colder, with extreme heat days tripling since 1950. This accelerates the region's warming, impacting cities unprepared for rising temperatures.
The University of Texas at Arlington has been awarded over $2 million in Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grants to support its thriving cancer research initiatives. Dr. Piya Ghose received a $2 million grant for her work on programmed cell death, while Dr. Yaowu Hao received $200,000 to investigate radioactive n...
A new study reveals pancreatic cancer cells invade and destroy nearby blood vessels, replacing them with tumor-lined structures. The process is driven by the interaction between the protein receptor ALK7 and the protein Activin, pointing to a possible target for future treatments.
A new study finds that excess body fat increases the risk of depression, with a 17% higher probability for every ten kilograms of extra weight. The study suggests that psychological consequences of being overweight or obese drive this increased risk, rather than biological effects.
A study published in Communications Biology reveals that the genetic mutation responsible for black pigmentation in nonagouti mice is caused by the insertion of a retrovirus β4 into VL30. Researchers found that this mutation originated from East Asian mice related to Japanese fancy mice.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can convert near-infrared light into visible light, allowing mice to see in the dark. The technology aims to improve safety and sensitivity for human use and has potential medical applications.
A study from Aarhus University has found that fat pumps in cell membranes create an electrical current, which may play a role in controlling essential processes in the body. This discovery highlights the importance of flippases in maintaining cellular function and suggests potential connections to neurological diseases and Alzheimer's.
The university's Extended Reality Initiative aims to create immersive video experiences for teacher training, improving authenticity and engagement. The team will explore the use of 360-degree videos with multiple cameras and prompts to enhance learning.
Researchers found that viewing memories in the third person reduces vividness and emotion, while recalling experiences in the first person strengthens memory. Virtual reality technology is being used to explore how perspective influences memory formation.
Researchers have discovered a new form of immunotherapy that targets and removes specific immune cells called macrophages, which support cancer growth. The technique has shown promising results in treating malignant melanoma, with tumors shrinking after the removal of these cells.