Articles tagged with Pathology
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet developed an AI-based tool to improve breast cancer diagnosis and predict recurrence risk. The method divides patients with grade 2 tumours into high-risk and low-risk sub-groups, enabling personalized treatment.
The SPIRIT-Path extension provides evidence-based guidance to standardize pathology content in clinical trial protocols, ensuring methodological rigor and adequate skills and resources. Pathology is integral to trial planning and delivery, and the new guidelines formalize pathology input into clinical trials.
A collaborative research between Owkin and Cleveland Clinic has developed an AI model that predicts liver cancer recurrence following liver transplantation. The model outperformed traditional scoring systems and showed promise for improving patient outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki have identified two distinct patterns of alpha-synuclein accumulations in the olfactory bulb, associated with differing disease types of dementia with Lewy bodies. These findings support the classification of the disease into two distinct forms, one progressing to the amygdala and another to th...
Researchers compared the accuracy of two types of fecal tests for detecting colorectal cancer, finding that both types are reliable when thresholds are adjusted. The study suggests that health providers should select the best type of test based on specific demands in screening settings.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a computational technique powered by artificial intelligence that transforms images of tissue previously stained with H&E into new ones with added special stains. The process takes less than one minute per tissue sample, significantly improving diagnoses in medical conditions such as organ transpl...
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have successfully imaged lethal prions using cryo-electron microscopy, providing atomic-level data on their structure and assembly. This breakthrough offers a new premise for understanding and targeting these currently untreatable diseases.
Researchers found that college students with low viral loads can still transmit the virus, and Ct values are not a reliable predictor of transmissibility. The study suggests that symptomatic individuals tend to have higher viral loads or maintain their viral loads for longer periods.
A team of Beckman researchers developed software to boost infrared imaging-based cancer diagnosis, enhancing image resolution and accelerating recording speeds. The software integrates data analysis and reduces limitations associated with IR imaging, making it faster and more accurate.
Caroline Shiboski, a renowned oral medicine expert, has been awarded the IADR Distinguished Scientist Award for her groundbreaking research on immune dysfunction and its effects on oral health. Her work has led to significant advances in understanding and treating conditions like Sjögren's Syndrome and HIV-related oral diseases.
Nisha D'Silva, a University of Michigan professor, is recognized for her exemplary mentoring skills, having mentored over 60 students and post-doctoral fellows in oral pathology and cancer biology.
Russian scientists have synthesized chemical compounds that activate intracellular mechanisms to combat neurodegenerative pathologies. These substances increase the survival of neuronal cells in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury, offering a breakthrough treatment for brain diseases.
A new AI system has been developed to recognize the specific pattern of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, a debilitating blistering disease that can cause scarring and blindness. The system achieved an accuracy of 89.3% in recognizing the disease, outperforming human doctors.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published consensus recommendations for clinical CYP2D6 genotype testing, aiming to standardize testing across laboratories and improve patient care. A minimum set of variants is recommended for inclusion in all future clinical assays.
Duke University engineers developed a prototype X-ray scanner that can reveal molecular composition of objects, revolutionizing cancer surgery, pathology, drug inspection, and geology. The technology can accurately diagnose cancerous tissues and analyze pharmaceuticals in real-time.
A novel AI tool predicts the grade of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in kidney biopsies, a known structural correlate of progressive and chronic kidney disease. This technology has the potential to increase efficiency in clinical practices.
Researchers investigated anesthetics' influence on neonatal rat brains, using optical intrinsic signal imaging and non-invasive monitoring. Urethane was found to alter cortical rhythms dose-dependently, while isoflurane showed limited effects.
A team of researchers has developed first-in-class small molecules to inhibit the SET domain of the ASH1L protein, preventing critical molecular interactions in leukemia development. The lead compound, AS-99, successfully reduced leukemia progression in mouse models.
A new AI-based scoring model for testis images has been developed to assess patients with severe male infertility, simplifying the diagnosis process. The model achieved high accuracy in classifying histological images of the testis, with an average precision of 82.6% and recall of 60.96%, without requiring programming expertise.
Researchers have identified four distinct patterns of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, each leading to unique symptoms and prognoses. These subtypes include variant one, which primarily affects memory, and variants two, three, and four, which impact executive functions, visuospatial processing, and language ability, respectively.
A study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified thick tubular basement membrane duplication as a diagnostic criterion for adult-onset NPH. The research also found that older patients are unlikely to have pathogenic mutations, providing a novel diagnostic pointer.
Researchers have discovered that fast brainwave oscillations can pinpoint brain tissues responsible for epileptic seizures. The collaborative research leverages noninvasive EEG technology to automatically identify high-frequency oscillations and epileptiform spikes, which are key links related to epilepsy.
A study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia found that progressive memory loss and issues with executive function are more useful for predicting CTE pathology than mood and behavior symptoms. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new therapies and improved patient care.
A new AI-powered screening tool has been developed to detect precursors to cervical cancer in women, particularly in low-income countries where access to skilled pathologists and advanced equipment is limited. The method uses mobile digital microscopy and achieves a sensitivity of 96-100% in identifying patients with precancerous lesions.
Researchers assessed maternal, neonatal SARS-CoV-2 viral load and transplacental antibody transfer in 127 pregnancies. The study found reduced transplacental transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, indicating effective maternal control of the virus.
Post-neoadjuvant therapy changes in metabolic metrics from PET/MRI and morphologic metrics from CT were associated with pathologic response and overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Serum CA 19-9 levels did not predict pathologic response or survival.
A decade-long analysis of necropsies reveals that killer whales are vulnerable to multiple human-caused deaths, affecting all age classes. The study underscores the need for improved conservation strategies and mitigation efforts to protect these endangered species.
A decade-long study of killer whale necropsies reveals widespread mortality linked to human activities, affecting all age classes. Human-caused deaths were found in healthy populations as well as endangered species, emphasizing the need for improved conservation strategies.
Researchers investigated COVID-19's effect on respiratory muscles in critically ill patients, comparing with non-COVID-19 cases. Severe COVID-19 was found to cause significant changes in the diaphragm, a crucial factor in patient outcomes.
Researchers analyzed 1,347 nephrectomy specimens to understand kidney histopathological findings. They found that more scarring in glomerulus, tubules/interstitium, and vessels is associated with worse kidney function.
A study by researchers at the University of Virginia Health System found that nearly 1 in 8 commercially insured patients received surprise bills for out-of-network expenses after undergoing elective colonoscopies. The team recommends partnering with in-network anesthesia and pathology providers to prevent these unexpected costs.
A study at Cedars-Sinai found that most COVID-19 patients in Southern California were infected by a variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus introduced from New York state via Europe, not directly from China. The genetic analysis identified unique clusters of cases linked to specific transmission routes.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University aim to create quicker diagnostic tests for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia using non-traditional tissue samples. The new method could enable doctors to diagnose patients earlier and more easily, improving patient care.
Researchers found that excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on the brain development of embryos. The study suggests a 'Goldilocks effect,' where too little or too much folic acid is harmful, and more investigation is needed to determine the optimal dosage for pregnant women.
A new mouse model shows that injecting synthetic assembled tau protein causes tau accumulation in wild-type mice, spreading to connected regions. This study establishes that tau assembly does not require mutation or overexpression.
A new pathway discovered by researchers at the University of Kentucky's Sanders-Brown Center on Aging has shown that eIF5A hypusination governs TDP-43 accumulation and aggregation. Pharmacological inhibition of an enzyme generating hypusinated eIF5A significantly reduced TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation in cells.
Researchers found a connection between contact sports participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) leading to sleep dysfunction. The study revealed that tau pathology in brainstem nuclei is more strongly associated with sleep symptoms than Lewy body pathology, suggesting a new link between CTE and REM sleep behavior disorder.
Drs. Dennis Lo, Karen Mann and Ronald Przygodzki are recognized for their pioneering work in non-invasive prenatal testing and cancer detection using circulating nucleic acids. Their innovations have created a paradigm in prenatal medicine and advanced the field of molecular diagnostics.
A meta-analysis of NHP studies reveals that AAV gene therapy often causes DRG pathology with no clinical effects, prompting preclinical safety evaluations before clinical trials. The study's findings have the potential to streamline the development process for new vectors.
A study published in The Lancet Digital Health demonstrates an AI program's highest accuracy to date in recognizing and characterizing prostate cancer. The algorithm achieved 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity in detecting prostate cancer, surpassing previously reported results.
A UCLA-led study found that dermatopathologists are motivated by both patient safety concerns and malpractice fears when ordering additional tests. The study surveyed 160 dermatopathologists in the US, who reported a strong emphasis on patient safety as a driving factor for their actions.
A study published in Lancet Global Health reveals a significant diagnostic error in almost 40% of maternal deaths in Maputo's central hospital in Mozambique. The results highlight the need to improve access to specific diagnostic tests and strengthen clinical skills among healthcare workers.
Researchers developed a modified dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI protocol to detect chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in football players. The test measures blood-brain barrier leakage, revealing localized vascular pathology that persists for months in affected players.
Researchers found that excessive antioxidants can lead to pathological changes in hearts, causing enlarged hearts and diastolic dysfunction. Chronic antioxidant consumption without knowing one's redox state might result in reductive stress, which can induce pathology and slowly damage the heart.
A recent six-year study on video game addiction found that about 90% of gamers do not play in a way that is harmful or causes negative long-term consequences. However, a significant minority can become truly addicted to video games, suffering mentally and socially. The study identified predictors such as being male and having low level...
Researchers discover Foxg1's role in controlling brain electrical activity, shedding light on rare genetic diseases like Rett Syndrome and West Syndrome. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for developing future therapeutic interventions.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has released consensus recommendations to aid in the design, validation and interpretation of clinical genotyping tests for predicting warfarin response. The guidelines define a minimum set of pharmacogenetic alleles for inclusion in clinical warfarin sensitivity genotyping tests.
A new AI model has been developed to classify colorectal polyps on histology slides with high accuracy, performing as well as practicing pathologists. The model was trained on a dataset from 24 different institutions and evaluated on an external dataset, demonstrating its generalizability.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical pathologies in global systems, including overpopulation, globalization, and hyperconnectivity. These systemic conditions increase the risk of catastrophic failure, making it essential to address them through paradigmatic transformations.
Researchers from Université de Genève have discovered an internal structure at the center of centrioles, crucial organelles that form the cell skeleton. This finding provides a better understanding of centriole functions and pathologies associated with their dysfunction, including ciliopathies and retinal disorders.
A smart contact lens has been developed to monitor xerophthalmia and high intraocular pressure disease, providing real-time color changes based on moisture and pressure levels. The device features periodic nanostructures within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix, offering superior biosafety and comfort.
Researchers at ORNL developed a multitask convolutional neural network to extract key information from cancer pathology reports. The AI tool can complete multiple tasks simultaneously, reducing processing time by an average of five times compared to single-task models.
Angela Wandinger-Ness, a distinguished pathologist, has been honored with the AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award for her dedication to increasing diversity in STEM fields. Through her research and mentorship, she has mentored approximately 270 scientists from underrepresented communities.
Biopsies from donated kidneys often show different results than initial readings, casting doubt on decision-making based on these findings. However, a second biopsy performed in standard conditions provided useful information about organ function after transplantation.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center developed an AI system that accurately diagnoses prostate cancer aggressiveness using deep learning. The system performed better than ten human pathologists and provided consistent results, reducing the need for subjective Gleason scoring.
Researchers developed an AI system that can detect and grade prostate cancer with accuracy comparable to world-leading uro-pathologists. The system has the potential to significantly reduce the workload of uro-pathologists and improve diagnostic quality.
A recent study published in Nature Communications used AI to analyze pathology images from human cancer patients and identified new features relevant to cancer prognosis. The AI's predictions were found to be more accurate than those made by human pathologists, with a higher accuracy rate when combined with human-established criteria.
Researchers found that out-of-network billing at in-network hospitals occurs in about 10% of cases involving anesthesiologists, pathologists, radiologists, and assistant surgeons. This practice can lead to unexpected and expensive medical bills for patients with private health insurance.
A new study suggests that dofetilide, an FDA-approved antiarrhythmic drug, may counteract pathological changes in potassium channels associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In experimental models, dofetilide inhibited PAH-related vascular remodeling and improved lung function.
Increasing 40Hz gamma rhythm power in the brain has been shown to strengthen neural connections and improve symptoms in Alzheimer's disease models. The study used light flickering or sound buzzing at 40Hz to achieve this effect, which was found to decline pathological amyloid and tau protein buildups and protect neurons from degeneration.