The NYU-led Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP) center will combine artificial intelligence and climate modeling to better predict climate change impacts. The center aims to provide more accurate climate predictions by analyzing satellite images, large-scale observational data, and developing new algorithms.
A team of researchers used a novel approach called onomasiological reconstruction to analyze 5,000-year-old Indo-European and Altaic macrofamily languages. The study confirmed well-documented genealogies and identified relationships between major branches, providing insights into the evolutionary paths of human languages.
A study analyzed open and closed insurance claims to assess practice behavior changes after durvalumab approval. The results showed a low rate of durvalumab utilization, with higher rates in patients over 65 and treated in the Midwest.
Lehigh University will lead a five-year, $25 million research collaboration to develop new semiconductor materials and scalable manufacturing processes for advanced optoelectronic devices. The initiative aims to transform fields like information technology with quantum technologies.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine are studying the impact of antibiotics on breast milk and infant health. The team will investigate how antibiotics alter the composition of breast milk and impact the infant microbiome, metabolome and immune response.
A new poll shows strong support among older Americans for requiring health care workers to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The survey found that 61% of people aged 50 to 80 believe the vaccine should definitely be required, while an additional 19% think it should probably be required.
Scientists compiled a 71-year potential risk index dataset to estimate TC impact severity on the Chinese mainland, showing increased damage over time. Recent upward trends in precipitation and wind values contribute to larger TC impacts along coastal China.
A phase II trial found that high-dose cytarabine followed by pembrolizumab improved cancer remission rates in AML patients, with a complete remission rate of 38%. The treatment also showed promise for patients who had not benefited from standard therapy.
Scientists at ETH Zurich have developed a system that can manipulate the acoustic field in real time, creating illusions of objects disappearing or being simulated. The technology uses field-programmable gate arrays to control the augmentation of sound waves, enabling potential applications in sensor technology, architecture, and commu...
A new study by Oregon State University finds that xanthohumol improves glucose metabolism in mice only when the gut microbiota is present. The researchers discovered that three specific bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Alistipes finegoldii, are responsible for XN's health benefits.
A new study published in PNAS has identified 33 metabolic compounds associated with dementia, which could aid in diagnosis and treatment. The researchers found that levels of these metabolites differed significantly between patients with dementia and healthy elderly individuals.
Researchers from Australian National University developed a system to transport data using atomically-thin semiconductors, achieving highly promising signs of requiring less electricity to run. This breakthrough technology has the potential to reduce wasted energy consumption and pave the way for sustainable future growth in computing.
Researchers found that boldness, aggressiveness, activity level, and sociability are key personality traits in golden-mantled ground squirrels. These traits impact their access to food, territory, and predators, highlighting the importance of understanding animal personalities in wildlife conservation.
A mixed-methods survey of US-based oncology clinicians reveals disparities in biomarker testing use, with academic clinicians more likely to use it. Clinicians express need for education on financial resources, practical applications, and coordinating multidisciplinary care.
Scientists designed loss in optical devices to achieve unconventional physical phenomena, leading to novel methods for optical control and engineering. The team created two whispering gallery mode microresonators with different absorption losses, coupling their fields to achieve coherent perfect absorption.
A study analyzing Medicare data found that racial and ethnic minority groups received fewer opioid prescriptions for new low back pain compared to white patients. This disparity persisted during the first wave of the opioid epidemic, despite growing awareness of its adverse effects.
Researchers from UTHealth and Baylor College of Medicine recommend that EHR developers annually assess their products to ensure safety recommendations are met. The authors suggest three strategies to complement the new CMS rules, aiming to distribute responsibility for safety improvements evenly between designers, developers, and users.
A study by Penn State researchers found that regions exposed to both heavy earthquake shaking and abundant rainfall in Nepal are more likely to experience food insecurity. The findings suggest that climate change is exacerbating the impact of compound events, such as earthquakes and heavy rainfall, on agriculture and human health.
Research finds prostate cancer risk among 9/11 responders is 24% higher, with highest risk among earliest responders. The study also reveals a shorter latency period from exposure to disease development compared to other studies.
CD8+ T cell priming in the spleen generates long-lived, stem-like memory T cells with enhanced ability to differentiate into T effector cells. Spleen-primed T cells have superior capacity to respond to rechallenge infection and expand into infection-fighting T effector cells.
A large study found that education and income have varying relationships with brain volume and cognitive scores across different populations. The associations were strongest in childhood development, suggesting socioeconomic status may not specifically protect the brain from aging effects.
A national study found COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing hospitalizations and emergency department visits caused by the Delta variant. The Moderna vaccine is significantly more effective than Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson, with unvaccinated individuals being 5-7 times more likely to need emergency care or hospitalization.
A new study at the University of Strathclyde investigates using fungi to strengthen soil and reduce rainwater infiltration, aiming to prevent landslips. The research, funded by £1.3 million from UKRI, explores fungal growth in different soil types to improve natural soils' engineering performance.
Researchers have integrated holographic optical elements to create a waveguide eye-tracking system that can track eye movements in near-infrared wavelengths. This design enables the development of more efficient and powerful augmented reality systems.
A new study suggests that computing and ICT could be responsible for a greater share of greenhouse gas emissions than previously thought, potentially surpassing the aviation industry. The researchers argue that historical evidence shows ICT's footprint has increased despite efficiency gains.
Researchers analyzed past fires in Klamath Mountains, finding that weather and fuels impact non-reburns while reburn intensity mirrors previous fires. Prescribed fire and wildfire management can limit severe fire conditions, maintaining moderate weather for future fires.
A study analyzing 6,775 patients with low-risk prostate cancer found that cancer-related factors such as tumor grade and size are key risk factors for conversion to active treatment. The study also found that higher Gleason grade, PSA level, tumor stage, and number of positive biopsy cores are related to shorter conversion times.
A new study by the ICTA-UAB establishes that populations of hunter-gatherer groups with strong seasonal dependence on meat had fewer people per square kilometer than those relying on abundant plant foods. This result is based on a complex set of calculations showing how diet composition influenced population density.
A new study published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience found that differences in cognitive control are not absolute, but rather a matter of degree. The research team, led by Todd Braver, used functional MRI to examine brain activity and behavior across four tasks in three conditions. Consistency was found in brain regions and b...
Physicists developed an electrical technique to study the Leidenfrost effect, revealing the temperature at which vapor layers form and collapse. The results show that stable vapor layers can be sustained at 240 degrees Celsius, with a minimum heat of 140 degrees Celsius required for their existence.
Researchers found a new species of candiru attached to the surface of an Amazonian thorny catfish, suggesting a commensalistic relationship where the parasite benefits without harming its host. The discovery challenges traditional views of vampire fish and highlights the complexity of these unusual relationships.
Researchers used a groundbreaking technique to study silicon crystals and neutron particles, revealing new information about a possible fifth force of nature. The study achieved fourfold improvement in precision measurement of the silicon crystal structure factor.
The USC Institute is launching a $3 million global consortium study to analyze brain imaging, genetics, and clinical data from 20 countries. The study aims to understand how Parkinson's disease progresses in the brain and explore genetic factors contributing to risk.
Researchers found that physically active lifestyle reduced the risk of developing anxiety disorders by almost 60% over a period of up to 21 years. The association was seen in both men and women, but with a noticeable difference between male and female skiers.
Researchers have solved the mystery of chlorine's role in perovskite solar cells by imaging atoms at the surface. The team found that chlorine is incorporated into the material through grain boundaries, increasing stability and efficiency. An optimal concentration of chlorine was discovered to deliver high stability.
Researchers have developed a novel electrode material based on cobalt and nickel that can efficiently produce hydrogen through water and urea electrolysis. The phosphorus-doped cobalt-nickel-sulfide nanoparticles demonstrate high activity and stability, reducing the overall voltage of the electrolysis cell.
Researchers developed a machine learning model that produced fewer decision-making errors than human behavior analysts. The AI system showed improved consistency and predictability in treatment decisions, with potential applications in diagnosing and treating autism, ADHD, anxiety, and depression.
An international study found Canadians have the highest relative risk of respiratory mortality resulting from wildfire pollution. Exposure to fine particulate matter from wildfires increased risks of all causes, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, with about 0.4 percent of total mortality attributable to wildfire smoke.
Researchers at UC San Diego develop precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) to control mosquito populations. The system uses CRISPR to alter genes linked to male fertility and female flight in Aedes aegypti, reducing disease transmission.
A study found that gut microbiome profiles in children from the Democratic Republic of Congo reveal high glucosidase and low rhodanese microbes, which could increase susceptibility to konzo. The researchers plan to further investigate sibling pairs to confirm their findings.
Dartmouth has received a $3 million NSF grant to increase its PhD Innovation Programs by 50% and develop new multidisciplinary pathways for STEM graduate students focused on entrepreneurship and research translation. The funding will support 19 additional graduate students and enhance the development of sensor technology applications.
A new study found that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) significantly reduces deaths by suicide among older adults with depression in the months following hospitalization. The therapy may also improve overall health and cognitive functioning.
A new tool, the Epsilon Index, has been developed to assess research performance more fairly, taking into account differences in discipline, gender, and career stage. The index provides a fairer comparison of researchers across various fields, helping to reduce systemic biases.
A 12-week study showed that a low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet managed by pharmacists can eliminate Type 2 diabetes medications and improve glucose control for over one-third of participants. This approach promotes Type 2 diabetes remission and highlights the potential role of community pharmacists in overall diabetes care.
Individualized breast cancer risk estimates led to a significant increase in annual mammography rates among women at high risk. The study found that nearly all Hispanic or Black women who received personalized risk assessments used mammography more frequently, with rates rising from 37% to 51%.
Research from Dartmouth College reveals that making and breaking eye contact during conversations can create a dynamic balance between shared attention and individual expression. Pupillary synchrony decreases after eye contact breaks, allowing for creativity and new thoughts, while also signaling shared understanding.
The study found large reductions in uninsurance and improvements in blood pressure and blood sugar control among Hispanic and Black patients after Medicaid expansion. The first five years of expansion were associated with significant benefits for these populations.
Recent study by Okayama University researchers reveals three photoinitiators cause faster increase in breast tumor growth in mice, with tamoxifen pretreatment reducing toxicity. The findings suggest photoinitiators could act as hormonal disruptions, raising concerns for patients and healthy individuals.
A Finnish study discovered a positive association between standing and improved insulin sensitivity in adults with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The researchers found that increasing daily standing time can help prevent chronic diseases, even if physical activity recommendations are not met.
Researchers used a neutron beam to perform pendellösung interferometry on silicon, achieving the highest precision measurements to date. The technique provided insights into the crystal's mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the neutron's charge radius and short-range forces.
Researchers identify molecular targets for improved prostate cancer therapy by comparing genomic changes in cancer cells eradicated and resistant to treatment. The study also finds L1 retrotransposition as a dynamic source of cancer heterogeneity.
A new methodology, EMARS, was developed to directly identify the activity origin of Pt/Al2O3 industrial reforming catalyst by analyzing over 18,000 Pt atoms. The study found that density of supported Pt1 single atoms and Pt-Pt distance larger than 0.38 nm are correlated with aromatic production activity.
The Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet (C-CoMP) will conduct transformative research on the behavior of bioreactive molecules and ocean microbes involved in one-quarter of the Earth's annual organic carbon cycle. The center aims to understand the key molecules, their cycling rates, and sensitivity to climate change.
Researchers studied individuals with isolated GnRH deficiency, a rare endocrine disorder that affects hormone production. Men with IGD reported higher levels of childhood gender non-conformity, while women did not differ from typical women. This suggests that early androgens play a direct role in shaping male brain development.
A study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers discovered that platelets help mediate an allergic immune response against yeast, clearing it from the lungs. This mechanism involves candidalysin, a peptide toxin that triggers Th2 and Th17 responses, providing essential protection against yeast invasion.
The Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet (C-CoMP) will conduct transformative research on the ocean chemical-microbe network and its role in climate change. The center aims to improve our understanding of this network's dynamics, sensitivity to climate change, and feedbacks on the planet.
A study of nearly 12,000 kids found that screen time is only slightly linked to attention disorders, disturbed sleep, and lower grades. However, excessive screen time may have social benefits, with kids who spent more time with screens having more close friends.
A mixed-methods analysis found that most surgical patients prefer virtual follow-up care for its convenience, which does not compromise patient satisfaction. The study highlights the potential benefits of virtual visits in improving access to care and reducing barriers for patients.
Researchers found that certain moth species' wingtips reflect sound strongly, distracting bats and saving the moths' lives. The unique structures also evolved to act as hemispheric and corner retroreflectors, reflecting sound back to its point of origin.
A study published in Learning and Instruction found that pre-service teachers' genuine desire to be unprejudiced is positively associated with their endorsement of culturally supportive instructional practices. Cultivating open-mindedness rather than anti-racist training is key for teachers to overcome racial bias.