Research on what raises a person's risk of disease and injury. Covers cardiovascular and aneurysm risk, medication in pregnancy, youth behavior, and suicide risk.
Researchers found that hostility and depression together elevate inflammatory proteins in the human body, increasing the risk for heart disease. The study examined associations with blood levels of two inflammatory proteins and found a stronger relationship between these negative emotions when considered simultaneously.
Research found teenage fathers more likely to have babies with birth problems such as pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and death. In contrast, older fathers aged 40+ were not at increased risk, according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology study.
The study analyzed data from 2000 to find large regional variations in stroke and heart disease-related deaths across Europe. Mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were lower in southern and western countries, while cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality was reduced in the center of Western Europe.
The Journal of the American Dietetic Association has published a comprehensive review of dietary factors for treating and preventing cardiovascular disease. The review identifies effective dietary considerations, including a diet low in saturated fatty acids and high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Risk factors for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts are consistent across countries, with mental disorders and female gender being key contributors. The study also found that impulse control disorders and substance use disorders increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts.
Global climate models project significant changes in water availability due to anthropogenic warming, with regions like high latitudes and Mediterranean basin expected to experience substantial decreases. Non-stationarity must be accounted for in water resources planning to ensure effective management.
Childhood undernutrition is associated with reduced adult height, lower levels of schooling, and economic productivity. Children who experience rapid weight gain after infancy are at high risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition.
A long-term study found that smokers have an increased risk of developing early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and experience greater progression of the disease. Smokers developed AMD at a younger age than non-smokers, and smoking was associated with cumulative progression of AMD over 15 years.
A study of 609 men aged 72.6 found that those with low blood testosterone levels had a significantly higher risk of fractures, particularly hip and non-vertebral fractures. The study suggests that measuring serum testosterone may provide additional clinical information for assessing fracture risk in elderly men.
A large study found that identifying youth with risk factors for psychosis can lead to accurate predictions, with a 65-80% accuracy rate. Combinations of risk factors include social decline, family history, unusual thoughts, and past drug abuse. This ability to predict psychosis will help determine the most effective time to intervene.
A new study from Danish researchers has found that childless men have a lower risk of developing prostate cancer than fathers, with a reduced risk associated with having more children. The study suggests that this may be due to a "healthy father" phenomenon, where fertile men are less likely to develop the disease.
A new study found trichloroethylene to be a risk factor for parkinsonism, a group of nervous disorders with symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. The study showed that chronic exposure to TCE can lead to degenerative changes in the brain, including reduced mitochondrial function and dopamine neuron damage.
Research on farm women reveals an increased risk of allergic asthma associated with pesticide use. The study found a significant increase in asthma prevalence among women who applied or mixed pesticides, with some compounds like parathion linked to nearly tripled risk.
Women are more prone to developing COPD due to exposure to risk factors like cigarette smoke, leading to distinct manifestations of the disease. They also experience different symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes compared to men.
Researchers found that a higher waist-to-hip ratio is associated with a greater risk of heart disease, even when adjusting for other factors. The study suggests that focusing on waist-hip ratio rather than weight alone can provide a more accurate prediction of heart disease risk.
Researchers found that patients over 60 years old, experiencing morning stiffness and groin pain, are at higher risk of undergoing total hip replacement. The study also revealed that obesity may decrease the risk of THR after three years.
A clinical model predicting hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women was developed based on 11 clinical factors. The model was validated using data from the Women's Health Initiative and showed accuracy in stratifying risk among various ethnic backgrounds.
A study found that individuals with low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and high homocysteine levels, as well as diabetes, are more likely to experience memory problems and greater disability after a stroke. These factors can also slow down stroke recovery, particularly in those over 57 years old.
A study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health found that premenopausal women with mild depression have lower bone mass than their nondepressed peers. Bone thinning was especially prevalent in hip bones, increasing the risk of fractures and other costly injuries as they age.
Discussing coronary risk profiles with physicians can improve cholesterol management and treatment adherence. Patients who receive their risk profile have smaller reductions in LDL levels and are more likely to reach lipid targets.
A new MUHC study found that informing patients about their cardiovascular risk and receiving ongoing feedback from their doctor leads to greater drops in lipid levels. Patients with higher risk profiles experienced a greater impact on their risk profile, highlighting the importance of communicating calculated cardiovascular risk.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that age, burden, divorce, and heavy tea consumption are significant risk factors for erosive esophagitis. Additionally, routine consumption of greasy food and constipation were identified as risk factors for non-erosive reflux disease.
Patients with venous thromboembolism face a substantially higher long-term risk of heart attack and stroke, with relative risks comparable to those for diabetes and smoking. The study found that the combined increased risk for arterial cardiovascular events was between 20% and 40% higher over 20 years.
Researchers have created a global consensus on the 20 foremost measures needed to curb humanity's most fatal diseases. The list of Grand Challenges includes prioritizing resource allocation within health systems and mitigating the impact of poverty and urbanization.
A survey of 740 Taiwanese men found a statistically significant positive association between smoking and moderate to severe androgenetic alopecia, a common type of hair loss in men. The study suggests that smoking may destroy hair follicles or damage the papilla that circulates blood and hormones to stimulate hair growth.
Researchers found that breastfed babies had a lower average body mass index (BMI) and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL or 'good' cholesterol) levels in adulthood. These protective factors against cardiovascular disease were observed even after accounting for personal and maternal demographic risk factors.
A study analyzing data from over 4,900 mothers found that children whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy had increased conduct problems, attention and impulsivity issues. The association remained even after controlling for other variables, suggesting prenatal alcohol exposure may cause childhood conduct problems through environm...
A new study found that early BMI rebound age is associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors and may signal potential heart disease risk as early as age 7. The study of 308 children showed that earlier BMI rebound age correlates with a greater likelihood to become obese adults, particularly girls.
Researchers found that PAD prevalence increased from 3.7% to 4.6% among asymptomatic adults aged 40-70 between 1999-2004. The study suggests a link between rising obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking rates, emphasizing the importance of screening for PAD in asymptomatic patients.
A study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology found that women who followed a combination of five or more lifestyle factors experienced significantly lower rates of infertility due to ovulatory disorders. The key factors included dietary choices and physical activity, with higher scores associated with a lower risk of infertility.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that brothers are at a higher risk of developing heart disease than sisters, with a 20% increased risk within 10 years if any sibling has a heart attack. The younger the age of the sibling who develops heart disease, the greater the risk for other family members.
A study of 27,000 women found that regular physical activity can significantly lower cardiovascular risk by 40% over 11 years. The research highlights the importance of exercise in reducing inflammation and blood pressure as key contributors to cardioprotection.
A study found that high-risk individuals are less likely to follow through on HIV testing plans, despite planning to be tested. The study suggests that targeting interventions at these populations could increase testing rates and combat the HIV epidemic.
A team from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh is studying the effectiveness of a wrist-mounted instrument called eWatch in measuring psychosocial stress exposure. The study will collect data on participants' daily activities, stress levels, and environment to understand how stress affects daily life.
A study published in JAMA found that chronic job strain after a first heart attack significantly increases the risk of another coronary heart disease event. The study, which included 972 participants, revealed that job strain was associated with a two-fold increase in recurrent CHD events.
A standardized intervention incorporating risk assessment and telephone counselling improved cardiovascular risk factors among those at risk for coronary disease, but not among those with established coronary disease. The study found a positive impact on reducing cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk individuals.
Researchers aim to modify traditional risk tools to include socioeconomic factors and calculate the impact on prediction. The study, which will use a database of over 30,000 adult patient cases, hopes to identify those with lower economic positions who may be more appropriately treated using an updated risk model.
Scientists will create biomarkers for environmental risk factors in human disease, including cigarette smoke and obesity. The research aims to understand the interaction between genes and environment, using wearable sensors and advanced technologies.
Conscientious individuals have a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and experiencing cognitive decline. A study of over 997 older adults found that those with high levels of conscientiousness had an 89% lower risk of developing the disease.
Researchers suggest expanding kidney acceptance criteria and identify key factors improving transplant success. Matching donor and recipient ages and reducing waiting times may optimize results, while understanding risk factors like delayed graft function and acute rejection can aid preventive measures.
Researchers at Tufts University found that glycemic index values can vary significantly among individuals and even within the same person, with individual values ranging from 44 to 132. The study's findings highlight the need for more precise understanding of how glycemic index relates to chronic disease risk in diverse populations.
A Review in The Lancet emphasizes the importance of a healthy lifestyle in reducing stress to manage risk factors associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Studies have shown that both acute and chronic stressors can increase the risk of cardiac events, with major life changes and emotional stressors being key contributors.
The updated GOLD report provides new standards for diagnosing and managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and assessment. The report also highlights the need to understand co-morbidities and implement effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and management.
A new study found that chronically lonely individuals have altered gene-expression patterns, including increased inflammatory signalling. This molecular signature may provide a framework for understanding the link between social isolation and diseases like heart disease, infection, and cancer.
A global survey found that fewer people in less developed countries with mental disorders sought services compared to those in high-income countries. The U.S. population used services the most at 18%, while Nigeria had the lowest rate at 1.6%.
COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with smoking being a primary risk factor. The International Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) Study found that eastern Kentucky had one of the highest rates of COPD in the world.
A study of 9,425 people in 12 countries found a higher prevalence of stage II or higher COPD than previously estimated. The disease is expected to increase as the global population ages due to risk factors such as tobacco use and occupational exposures.
A recent heart attack increases the risk of developing new-onset diabetes and pre-diabetes by up to four-and-a-half times. Lifestyle factors such as smoking cessation, weight loss, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet can substantially lower this risk.
A large cohort study found that heavy drinking was associated with a higher risk of stroke in Chinese men. Drinking more than 21 drinks per week increased the risk by 22%, while heavier drinking correlated to higher mortality rates.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that apolipoprotein B:apo A-I ratio is not a better predictor of coronary heart disease risk than traditional lipid ratios. The study evaluated 3,322 middle-aged participants and found that the differences between the two measures were small and statistically nonsignificant.
Current and past smokers are at increased risk of developing late-age related macular degeneration, with current smokers four times more likely than non-smokers. Smoking's link to AMD is thought to share other risk factors with cardiovascular disease, including high cholesterol levels and hypertension.
Researchers found that sub-standard housing more than doubled diabetes risk among study participants. Despite ruling out other factors, housing conditions remain a significant contributor to the development of diabetes in this population.
Researchers found that mobility is a key factor impacting quality of life for older adults. Interventions targeting mobility limitations may improve HRQOL and overall well-being among seniors at risk for disability. The study highlighted the need to develop effective interventions to preserve or improve mobility in this population.
A literature review found a strong relationship between stress and periodontal diseases, with 57% of studies showing a positive link. Patients can reduce their risk by minimizing stress through healthy habits such as exercise, balanced eating, and positive mental attitude.
A study published in the Journal of Women's Health found that few older women with significant risk factors for lifetime exposure to HIV showed interest in being tested. The study, which analyzed data from 514 women aged 50-95, found that only 22% of participants expressed interest in HIV testing.
Two genes influencing MS risk have been conclusively linked to the disease, shedding new light on its causes and potential treatments. The findings may provide hope for at least 350,000 Americans affected by MS.
A nationwide survey found that nearly seven in ten Americans believe the risk of dying from cancer is increasing, despite clear evidence to the contrary. The study also revealed associations between sociodemographic variables, such as gender and education level, and the likelihood of believing false statements about cancer risks.
High-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy show reduced risk of sudden cardiac death with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The study analyzed data from 506 patients and found that ICD interventions were effective in preventing life-threatening arrhythmias.
Cancer incidence is higher among people with HIV/AIDS and organ transplant recipients due to immune system dysfunction. The study found a broad range of cancers at increased incidence across various sites.
The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators is increasing in Canada but remains lower than in the US. In adults who survived a cardiac arrest, the rate increased from 5.4% to 26.7% between 1995 and 2003. The devices are considered safe and effective for people at risk of life-threatening rhythm disturbances.