Articles tagged with Risk Factors
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute finds untreated obstructive sleep apnea significantly increases cardiovascular disease risks, including high blood pressure, heart attack, and diabetes. The study's findings support the importance of diagnosing and treating sleep apnea to reduce associated health risks.
Researchers found that household-related factors account for a similar level of variation in susceptibility to malaria as host genetic factors. Children living in high-risk households had twice as many infections per year as those in low-risk households.
A recent study found that anxiety disorders more than doubled the risk of suicidal thoughts and tripled the risk of suicide attempts in individuals with mood disorders. The presence of any anxiety disorder in combination with a mood disorder was also associated with a higher likelihood of suicide attempts.
Research finds significant regional variations in US low birth weight rates, with some areas having rates up to 3 times higher than others despite controlling for established risk factors like race and socioeconomic status. The study suggests that improvements in social and healthcare systems can lead to better neonatal outcomes.
Researchers identified five dietary patterns among adult men, ranking them according to their nutritional risk. The study found close associations between these patterns and chronic disease profiles, emphasizing the importance of preventive nutrition interventions to promote health in the male population.
Researchers found African-American men had significantly lower calcified plaque in coronary and carotid arteries. The study, which included 1,000 white participants and 180 black participants, used high-speed CT scans to measure plaque levels.
Researchers found associations between PBC and family history of Sjogren's syndrome, urinary tract infection, smoking, nail polish use, and hormone replacement therapy. Never having been pregnant also showed protection from developing the disease.
Scientists have identified genetic variants in PPARG and CAPN10 genes that increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, particularly in individuals with other risk factors. A large-scale study found that these variants can predict diabetes in high-risk individuals from families with T2D.
A recent study found that smoking significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer in women, with the effect being more pronounced than in men. The researchers also discovered that colon cancer screening is beneficial for patients aged 75 and older, despite potential complications from endoscopy.
A study found that employees who perceived a high level of justice at work had a 30% lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. The association was independent of other risk factors, including job strain and effort-reward imbalance.
Researchers found that lipid levels and heart rate variability are 60-80% determined by genetics, with blacks showing a more favorable pattern of heart rate variability. The study provides new insight into the development of cardiovascular disease and may lead to targeted treatment strategies.
A study found that child and environmental factors are stronger predictors of early alcohol experimentation in late childhood, rather than family history. This is associated with increased rates of psychiatric disorders, poor physical health, and criminal behavior in adulthood.
Researchers discovered that Australians with small blood vessel changes in their eyes were 70% more likely to experience a stroke over seven years. The study's findings suggest that eye examinations could help predict stroke risk, providing a potential window for early intervention.
A study found that midlife obesity is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease later in life. High systolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol levels, and clustering of these vascular risk factors also contribute to this risk.
Researchers found elevated C-reactive protein levels frequently accompanied traditional heart disease risk factors like smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure. High CRP levels were more common among those with at least one risk factor for heart disease.
A recent study by Ravi Retnakaran and colleagues found that Aboriginal youths who smoked more than six cigarettes per day had higher systolic blood pressure and plasma homocysteine levels. The study highlights the importance of addressing smoking habits among Aboriginal youth to prevent cardiovascular disease.
The Lancet seminar highlights the need for collaboration between nursing, dietetic, and physical-activity experts to develop novel ways to tackle obesity. The medical profession is waking up to the political and industrial challenges of obesity, but more needs to be done to address its management and prevention.
Research found a link between high blood homocysteine levels and decreased cognitive performance in individuals over 60. Taking vitamin B12, B6, and folate supplements may help prevent mild cognitive deficit in older adults.
A new method predicts the risk of emergency caesarean section for women attempting a vaginal birth after a previous caesarean section. The method takes into account several factors, including maternal age and sex of the baby, to identify those at low risk of complications.
Research using Kaiser Permanente's ATRIA Study cohort found that women with atrial fibrillation have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke when not taking Warfarin therapy. The study indicates being a woman is an independent risk factor for stroke, influencing treatment options.
A study found that coronary calcium scans can predict heart disease in healthy men, particularly those between 40-50 years old. The scans detected coronary calcium in approximately 20% of the men, and they were 11.8 times more likely to suffer a cardiac event than those without deposits.
The article highlights the significant disparity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) knowledge and treatment among European women. Women are more likely to develop CVD ten years after men, but it is also more lethal when it occurs suddenly, such as one year after a heart attack.
The study found a strong social gradient in metabolic syndrome, with individuals from lower socio-economic positions having a higher risk of the condition. Despite healthier lifestyles among those with higher education levels, the risk was still significantly lower for those with higher education.
Research studies with smaller sample sizes are more prone to false results. Additionally, scientific fields with smaller postulated effects tend to have higher rates of false positive claims. Financial interests and prejudices can also influence the accuracy of research findings.
A large study found no link between MS risk and birth order position, contradicting the hygiene hypothesis. In fact, individuals with MS tended to be born later in larger sibships than expected.
The study found a significant increase in nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence among young adults, with rates rising by 13.4% for women and 22.9% for men between 1976-1979. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence also increased significantly over the study period, emphasizing the need to focus on prevention.
Researchers followed 8527 people over 13 years to investigate the link between depression, fatigue, and cancer. Despite finding behaviors that increased cancer risk, they found no association between vital exhaustion scores and cancer risk.
A new study has established a significant correlation between waist circumference and components of the metabolic syndrome, including elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in children. The research found that abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is an independent...
Researchers identified three key risk factors for lethal prostate cancer recurrence after surgery: PSA doubling time, time from surgery to recurrence, and Gleason score. These risk factors allow doctors to distinguish between patients who need further treatment and those who can be closely monitored.
A study found that PSA doubling time, pathological Gleason score, and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence are significant risk factors for prostate-specific death. Patients at high risk can be identified and offered aggressive treatment, while those at low risk can be safely observed.
Researchers found that senior players aged over 27 were more likely to suffer further hamstring injuries. The study also discovered that flexibility had no impact on the risk of such injuries in elite footballers, who account for 13% of all AFL player injuries.
A new study by Stanford researchers found that gastric bypass surgery significantly improves cardiovascular risk factors, including triglycerides and C-reactive protein levels. The procedure lowers these risks by up to 50%, even beyond what would be expected from weight loss alone.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found an inverse relationship between the birth weight of a baby and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among fathers, suggesting genetic factors may be at play. The study also revealed that mothers of babies with low birth weights are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
A study found that relatives of black patients with early-onset lung cancer had a risk of developing lung cancer that was more than twice as high as those of white patients. Smokers with a family history of early-onset lung cancer also faced an increased risk, especially after age 60.
A study by Carla Cesaroni found that 10-15% of incarcerated male youth experience stress in custody due to vulnerabilities and institutional factors. Institutions can play a critical role in fostering a pro-social environment and improving rehabilitation outcomes.
Multiple short exposures to wet work can cause more dermatitis than single long exposures, emphasizing the need for preventive measures. Reducing frequent and intense exposure of hands to water, detergents, and soaps is crucial in preventing hand eczema.
A 1994-2003 study analyzed TB cases among homeless and non-homeless persons to identify overlapping risk factors. The study found a higher proportion of TB cases associated with homelessness in western and southern states, with most affected males aged 30-59.
A study comparing New York and Michigan angioplasty data shows major differences in patient selection. Despite this, the researchers found no difference in overall death risk when adjusting for underlying health conditions.
A University of Pittsburgh psychiatrist warns that researchers must be more rigorous in designing and conducting clinical studies, as well as use clear language when describing findings. This can help prevent confusing reports on health risks that are extrapolated from studies and reported by the media.
The National Children's Study aims to track 100,000 children's health from birth to 21, but faces $2.7 billion funding gap over 25 years. The study will examine environmental factors contributing to childhood chronic disease, with potential economic benefits of reducing disease burden by 1% annually.
A large-scale Danish study found no association between risk of autism and various birth factors, including mode of delivery, fetal presentation, and socioeconomic status. Family history of schizophrenia was linked to increased autism risk, independently of obstetric factors.
A follow-up study of 474 patients found that men have a higher risk of recurring blood clots than women, and that women who use oral contraceptives are more likely to experience recurrence. The study also suggests that adequate prophylactic anticoagulation is the most important measure to reduce the risk of recurrent events.
Recent studies have shown a significant decrease in multiple organ failure (MOF) incidence among severely injured patients over the last decade. Advances in trauma and critical care, including more judicious use of blood transfusions, have led to improved MOF outcomes.
A recent study of over 8,500 patients discovered that cardiovascular risk factors, particularly albuminuria, can affect renal function even in those without end-stage renal disease. The International Society of Nephrology advocates proactive albuminuria screening to detect renal impairment and cardiovascular risk.
A study at Duke University Medical Center found that genetic variations in platelet surface receptors and coagulation proteins are associated with increased post-operative bleeding. This discovery may lead to genetic screening as a tool for pre-operative evaluation of heart surgery patients.
A study published in JAMA found that black women had a significantly lower risk of fractures than white women at every level of bone mineral density. Despite this, researchers emphasize the importance of considering individual factors such as body weight and other risk factors when assessing fracture risk.
The study finds that major cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity and high blood pressure, are increasing in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in cities. As a result, these countries will face high levels of cardiovascular disease alongside infectious diseases.
A new study found that combat veterans are more likely to be heavy smokers and drinkers, while also experiencing lower physical inactivity compared to non-veterans. The research suggests that combat exposure may exert long-term adverse effects on cardiovascular risks.
Research suggests being obese and underweight are associated with a higher risk of death. The study estimated excess deaths in the US population in 2000 and found that obesity was linked to 111,909 excess deaths, while underweight was linked to 33,746 excess deaths.
A recent study found a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overweight among Chinese adults, with increased risk factors in northern China and urban residents compared to rural areas. The findings suggest that economic development and lifestyle changes may contribute to the growing obesity crisis in China.
A new study found that traditional risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes are strongly associated with cardiovascular death in kidney patients. Emerging risk factors like elevated C-reactive protein levels were not as strongly linked to increased risk of cardiovascular death.
A long-term study found that lack of regular vigorous physical activity was the strongest predictor of functional decline in older adults with arthritis. Engaging in exercise or physical activity can reduce functional deterioration by up to 32 percent, according to researchers.
The US Army, Navy and Air Force academies will enroll 4,800 male and female cadets in a four-year study to investigate risk factors for knee injuries. The study aims to refine ACL injury prevention programs and identify neuromuscular factors associated with increased risk.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise and stress management training lower average depression scores and reduce distress in patients with stable heart disease. These interventions also improve certain cardiovascular risk markers, suggesting potential benefits for patients with ischemic heart disease.
A study of 12,110 men and women aged 16-44 in Great Britain found significant variations in sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates among white, black Caribbean, black African, Indian, and Pakistani groups. Indian and Pakistani individuals reported fewer STIs and more consensual relationships.
A study of 127 young women found that those who developed physically later were more likely to contract HPV, chlamydia, and bacterial vaginosis. Younger, more sexually mature teens had lower infection rates due to higher estrogen levels.
Loneliness is a strong risk factor for depression among retirement community residents, linked to factors like social network size and grieving. Retirement communities can help by encouraging outside friendships, sending reminders, and forming support groups for vulnerable individuals.
A study of 292 health care professionals found that a family history of substance use disorder, major opioid use, and coexisting psychiatric disorders significantly increased the risk of relapse. The study suggests that intensive monitoring and tailored treatment plans can help prevent relapse among high-risk healthcare professionals.
A study of liver transplant patients found that older donors, longer cold ischemia times, and urgent recipient status are significant risk factors for shortened graft survival. The results suggest a new model to predict post-transplant survival, potentially improving organ allocation decisions.
A Boston University team found an association between naturally high levels of blood cholesterol and improved mental functioning, including visual organization, memory, attention, and concentration. However, the benefits were modest and did not outweigh the risks of heart disease and stroke associated with high cholesterol.