Articles tagged with Hormones
A systematic review of research on gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people found that the therapy reduces depressive symptoms and psychological distress. The study analyzed data from 46 relevant journal articles and identified inconsistent findings across other areas, warranting further investigation.
Women with short or long menstrual cycles are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease events such as heart attack or AFib. The study analyzed data from over 58,000 women and found that irregular menstrual cycle length was associated with higher risks of CVD, independent of other factors.
Researchers found that dietary fructose is necessary for increased germline stem cells after mating, which leads to enhanced post-mating egg production. The study reveals that circulating fructose stimulates the fructose-specific taste receptor in insects.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that ghrelin activates specialized nerve cells in the amygdala, promoting food consumption and conveying hunger feelings. The study uncovers the physiological processes behind feeding behavior, which may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for eating disorders.
Researchers found that four weeks of shift work-like patterns in female mice disrupted their biological clock and reduced fertility. The study suggests that circadian disturbances impact female fertility and may lead to future prevention strategies.
High levels of cortisol during the third trimester of pregnancy have been linked to improved speech and language skills in young children. Research found that boys exposed to high cortisol had better word-saying abilities, while girls showed enhanced understanding skills.
Researchers have observed beta-arrestin molecules directly controlling receptor-mediated signals in living cells using advanced microscopy. The study reveals a new mechanism of how these proteins interact with receptors on the plasma membrane, enabling efficient control of signal flow and desensitization.
A recent study published in Brain found that stress increases Alzheimer's risk in female mice by elevating amyloid beta levels, while male mice do not exhibit this effect. The researchers identified a cellular stress response pathway in brain cells that is active in females but not males.
A Rutgers University study finds that inhaling plastic particles can disrupt sex hormones in female lab rats, leading to impaired vascular function and decreased reproductive hormone levels. The researchers used a commercially available food-grade nylon powder and aerosolized it for the rats to breathe in.
The study revealed lower age-standardized rate of NENs incidence in China (1.14 per 100,000) compared to the USA (6.26 per 100,000). The most common sites for primary NEN tumors progressed were found to be the pancreas, stomach, lungs, and rectum.
Researchers at MIT developed an ingestible capsule that delivers electrical stimulation to the stomach, boosting ghrelin production and potentially alleviating nausea and appetite loss. The device uses a grooved surface to create a drier environment for electrodes to contact stomach tissue.
A new study finds that pet rabbits require daily freedom to exercise outside their home enclosure, even in larger hutches with access to an exercise area. The research highlights the importance of allowing pairs of rabbits to move freely throughout the day.
A recent study found that males on reduced calorie diets showed greater fat loss and improvements in blood sugar levels compared to females in young adulthood. However, when dieting began at older ages, there was no significant difference in fat loss between sexes.
Researchers have found that the subfornical organ senses circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) and modulates its peripheral level. PTH then alters bone metabolism and remodeling, highlighting a critical role of the brain-parathyroid-bone axis in maintaining bone homeostasis.
Researchers found that a neuropeptide called GLWamide regulates feeding in jellyfish, while myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) does the same in fruit flies. The discovery highlights the deep evolutionary origins of a conserved satiety signal.
A UC Riverside study identifies how a Fragile X gene mutation contributes to premature ovarian failure, leading to early infertility. Researchers found that the mutation affects neurons regulating reproduction in the brain and ovaries, causing an increase in hormone production and faster secretion rates.
A study published in Nature Immunology found that female mouse and human NK cells have more of a specific epigenetic regulator called UTX, which boosts anti-viral function while repressing NK cell numbers. This suggests that therapies need to be tailored to individual differences, including sex.
A new study from McGill University reveals that every day Canadians are exposed to Bisphenol S (BPS) in fresh foods due to chemical migration from packaging materials. High concentrations of BPS were found on thermal food labels, exceeding the European Union's regulatory limit.
Researchers found that Matcha tea powder reduces depression in mice by activating dopaminergic neural circuits and improving mood. The study's results suggest that Matcha's antidepressant-like effects depend on the animal's prior mental state, with stress-susceptible mice showing a significant response.
Researchers examine the effects of gender-affirming androgen therapy on breast tissue in transgender men with single-cell resolution. Gene expression is silenced, and male gene programs are activated. This work has implications for the treatment of breast cancer across all populations.
Researchers discovered a significant increase in serotonin transporter density in the midbrain of patients with PMDD during the periovulatory phase, which was associated with increased depressed mood. The study suggests that taking SSRIs at specific times during the menstrual cycle may help target these changes and alleviate symptoms.
A University of Arizona-led study found that expectant lemur dads see a significant increase in estradiol during their mates' pregnancies, which may help prepare them for parenting. The hormone spike occurs mainly in the third trimester and is associated with increased maternal sensitivity.
A study analyzed gene expression data from 46 different human tissues to understand the impact of circadian and circannual cycles on human health. The research revealed that certain genes have strong diurnal or seasonal preferences, which could inform effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
A study found that competition preparation temporarily reduces resting energy expenditure in physique athletes, primarily due to reduced energy intake and lower levels of thyroid hormone T3. This reduction can complicate weight loss and make it difficult for athletes to compete.
A recent study at Ruhr-University Bochum found that interactive online teaching can increase students' physiological state of arousal compared to passive online or face-to-face teaching. Students in interactive online classes reported feeling more involved and attentive but also experienced increased anxiety.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that phthalate exposure may contribute to a higher incidence of diabetes in women. The research, which studied 1,308 women over six years, showed that White women exposed to high levels of certain phthalates had a 30-63% higher chance of developing diabetes.
A retrospective study found associations between vitamin D levels and fine motor development delays, as well as thyroid hormones with cognitive development. Certain metals were also linked to language, cognitive, or motor skill development.
The study reveals that SWEET13 transporter is necessary for pollen production, highlighting the importance of sucrose transport. Researchers used molecular docking and simulation to understand how SWEET13 selectively transports sucrose over gibberellin.
A recent study by Universitat Oberta de Catalunya reveals that Spanish citizens have lower vitamin D levels compared to Northern European nations. Despite the importance of this hormone for overall health, supplementation is not commonly practiced in Spain.
A new study from the University of South Australia found that eating 30-50 grams of almonds can help people cut back on kilojoules consumed each day. This leads to a reduced energy intake by 300 kilojoules, mostly coming from junk food.
Researchers found that IGF1 gene therapy increases kisspeptin expression and GnRH release, and alters microglial cell numbers, suggesting a potential protective effect against reproductive decline. This could lead to new strategies for optimizing lifespan and combating age-related health problems in women.
New insights into the processing of hormones in the human gut reveal dozens of peptides regulating appetite, bowel movement, and insulin secretion. By studying human intestinal organoids, researchers characterized potentially novel gut hormones, including glucagon, and explored its role in human physiology.
Research from the University of Pittsburgh found that high COVID-19 stress in women is associated with changes in menstrual cycle length, period duration, and spotting. The study suggests that these changes can have economic and health consequences for women, including increased costs for feminine hygiene products.
Researchers have successfully isolated parathyroid stem cells and maintained them in lab as organoids for an extended period. These patient-derived parathyroid organoids (PTOs) closely mimic human parathyroid tissue, enabling the study of parathyroid diseases and drug development.
A new study at the Turku PET Centre discovered that shorter daylight hours increase opioid receptor levels in brown fat of rats. This complements previous findings on day length modulating opioid receptor levels in brain emotional circuits.
Researchers found that administering nitric oxide to preterm mice after birth can reverse symptoms of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, including sensory and cognitive disorders. A clinical trial is now underway to test this treatment in human preterm infants.
A recent study published in Acta Oncologica found that young women who have had cancer are at a higher risk of experiencing sexual problems, including loss of libido and intimacy issues. The study, which surveyed nearly 700 women, suggests that the type and intensity of cancer treatment can influence a patient's sex life.
The Leducq Foundation has awarded $7.5 million to UVA researchers, led by Mete Civelek, to investigate sex differences in atherosclerosis and $8 million to Coleen McNamara to advance immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease. These projects aim to improve understanding of heart disease and develop new treatments.
A novel fluorescent sensor has been developed to visualize the release of oxytocin, also known as the 'happy hormone', in living animals. The sensor, called MTRIA OT, allows for real-time measurement of extracellular oxytocin dynamics in the brain, revealing variability in OT levels dependent on behavioral and physical conditions.
Research from UVA Cancer Center finds that an unhealthy gut microbiome can trigger changes in normal breast tissue, facilitating cancer's spread to other parts of the body. The study suggests that targeting the gut-mast cell relationship could help prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.
Researchers found that stressed mice exhibited decreased neuron excitability in the dorsal hippocampus, which may drive social avoidance, while resilient mice showed increased excitability. This difference was linked to changes in stress hormone receptors and HCN1 protein expression.
Children with obesity who lose weight show increased hunger-related brain activity, despite changes in gut hormone levels. This disconnect may underlie why many people regain weight after a strict diet, highlighting the need for targeted treatments.
A cross-sectional study of over 25,000 adults found that approximately 70% of identified adrenal tumors were nonfunctioning, regardless of participant's age. The prevalence of adrenal tumors increased with age, from 0.2% in young adults to 3.2% in older adults.
A study on wild bonobos found that sibling birth causes a five-fold increase in cortisol levels and reduces immune response. This stress reaction lasts up to seven months and is independent of age-related weaning processes.
A study published in Cell Metabolism found that healthy underweight individuals had lower food intakes and lower activity levels, yet surprisingly higher-than-expected resting metabolic rates linked to elevated thyroid hormones. These findings contradict previous assumptions about metabolism in low BMI individuals.
Researchers have created a noninvasive method to identify tumors causing hypertension by reducing radiation exposure. The new fluorine-based agent replaces an iodine-based agent and may allow for screening of patients with hypertension-linked aldosterone adenomas.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered a unique subpopulation of resident fibroblasts that produce erythropoietin, a hormone critical for oxygen delivery in the kidneys. This 'crack team' of kidney cells has been found to play a crucial role in disease recovery and may hold new avenues for treatment.
Researchers have discovered how sea cucumbers produce defensive chemicals using genome mining techniques. The animals' unique ability to biosynthesize toxins has been found to be linked to the diversion of a sterol-producing enzyme, resulting in the production of valuable medicinal compounds.
Research at Kyoto University found that estradiol suppresses severe skin inflammation in females compared to males, revealing its therapeutic potential. The hormone regulates immune cells and reduces IL-17A and IL-1β cytokines production.
A new study links polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and pregnancy outcomes during delivery, including preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk for heart complications compared to those without the hormone disorder.
A UC Riverside genetic discovery found that mosquitoes lack the primary ecdysone transporter, allowing researchers to develop a mosquito-specific insecticide. This breakthrough could help control Zika, dengue, and other virus-carrying mosquitoes without harming beneficial insects.
A randomized controlled trial shows significant improvements in testosterone replacement therapy for men with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism. The treatment improved symptoms, libido, and quality of life, as well as delayed verbal recall, a potential early sign of dementia.
Two experimental male contraceptive pills, DMAU and 11β-MNTDC, have shown promising results in lowering testosterone levels without unacceptable side effects. The study found that 75% of men who took the active drug were willing to use it in the future, compared to 46.4% of those taking a placebo.
A new study presented at ENDO 2022 found that inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines do not cause significant fluctuations in thyroid function or increase the risk of emergency department visits among patients treated for hypothyroidism. The research suggests that these vaccines can be a safe option for this vulnerable population.
A recent study published in the Journal of Endocrinology suggests that lowering blood glucose levels can partially restore reproductive hormone levels and ovulation in female mice with obesity. The study used dapagliflozin, a common type 2 diabetes medication, to treat the mice, resulting in improved fertility outcomes.
A study of middle-aged women approaching menopause found increased body fat, particularly in the waist area, but those with healthier lifestyles had lower fat mass. The research suggests that maintaining physical activity and a balanced diet during this life stage may help protect against health risks associated with increased adiposity.
A recent study published in Breast Cancer Research suggests that self-reported male infertility may be associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer. The researchers conducted a case-control study among 1,998 males diagnosed with breast cancer, comparing them to 1,597 control males without blood relatives. The study found...
Women's metabolism alters during menopause due to changes in sex hormone levels. Metabolite profiles show increased lipid and cholesterol levels, especially triglycerides and LDL particles, which can lead to atherosclerosis.
Research published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found that menopause is associated with a decline in cardiovascular health due to hormonal changes. Levels of bad cholesterol rise during menopause, and shifts in sex hormones are linked to this increase.
A new study published by The Endocrine Society suggests that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates may impair bone health in male teenagers. Researchers analyzed urine and blood samples from over 800 adolescents, finding an association between certain PFAS and phthalates and reduced bone mineral density.