Articles tagged with Cells
Research team discovers that nuclear softening during the two-cell stage of mouse embryonic development is vital for major zygotic gene activation and proper embryonic development. Nuclear softening allows for the expression of 2,000 genes necessary for embryonic development, facilitating proper development.
Researchers from Adelaide University have found a DNA switch that helps the body stop the growth of the most common form of breast cancer. The switch, known as HRRINT3, acts as an enhancer that helps the androgen receptor restrain cancer cell growth.
A research team identified a signaling pathway involving AQP4, TRPA1, BEST1, and D-serine that helps maintain neuronal activity and cerebral blood-volume responses during prolonged sensory stimulation. Astrocytes release D-serine, which supports neuronal activity and contributes to dilation of brain blood vessels.
Researchers from Kyushu University have found the molecular and neural pathways that cause C. elegans to actively forget a specific odor it previously remembered. A peptide called NLP-47 triggers this process, which is highly specific and targets a specific memory, suggesting a potential mechanism for understanding conditions and patho...
A new study mapped human urogenital development, revealing how neighboring organs coordinate their development through cellular communication and molecular signaling. The study identified 33 cell types and found coordinated steroidogenic programs across the adrenal gland and gonad, linking their functions to sex differentiation.
Researchers at Chiba University have identified a protein called OMC1 that maintains chromosome cohesion in eggs from fetal development to adulthood, potentially mitigating age-related decline in egg quality. This discovery has significant implications for reproductive health in societies where childbirth is increasingly delayed.
Researchers propose targeting G protein-coupled receptors to slow aging, exploring AI, systems biology, and digital twins for therapy design. The approach could work alongside senolytic, metabolic, and regenerative strategies.
Researchers propose novel therapies to rebalance GPCR signaling, potentially extending healthy years of life and delaying multiple age-related diseases. This network-level approach could give rise to personalized treatments and complement emerging longevity strategies.
A new study by uOttawa-led researchers reveals how a specialized protein helps cells safeguard their genetic material. The study shows that chemical changes to a histone variant regulate interactions with the TONSL protein, which plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA.
Researchers at UNIGE have discovered how cells prevent their repair system from rebuilding the cell wall during cell fusion, leading to an irreversible process. This mechanism, involving the enzyme Pak2, could lead to new antifungal strategies by disrupting cell wall formation and repair.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have discovered that cell division plays a crucial role in reshaping tissues, allowing them to maintain their structure despite constant cell growth. By studying epithelial tissues, including the intestinal lining, the team found that cell division triggers a coordinated series ...
Researchers at the University of Bath have discovered a blueprint for designing powerful fluorescent materials, paving the way for better disease detection. The team developed a molecule that was five times brighter than the original azulene molecule, providing a promising candidate for future sensing and imaging applications.
Researchers at Heidelberg University create synthetic cells with complex functions through mutation, forming cavities, moving, and taking up cargo. A minimal number of genetic changes trigger these complex processes in simple RNA droplets.
Researchers used DNA Typewriter technology to reconstruct the lineage of 1.28 million cells in a mouse embryo, providing crucial insights into birth defects and cancer. The study's findings could lead to the development of new treatments and therapies.
Tony Hunter, PhD, receives the 2026 Albany Prize for his identification of tyrosine phosphorylation, a molecular switch that has been targeted to create over 100 cancer drugs. This discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide and transformed cancer biology and treatment.
Researchers have discovered a new cell type that helps stabilize the vascular network supplying oxygen to growing cardiac muscle. This discovery provides novel insights into human heart development and may guide future efforts to promote heart regeneration after injury.
Researchers have identified three subclusters of cells driving pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia, a muscle-wasting and fat-loss condition that affects pancreatic cancer patients. The subclusters form a triangular regulatory network that drives the initiation and progression of cachexia.
Researchers at Bielefeld University propose a precise and unambiguous way to define chemotypes within a plant species, highlighting genetic and environmental factors influencing chemical composition. This systematic approach aims to improve understanding and practical applications of chemotypes in medicinal plants and agriculture.
Researchers developed an ultrathin phosphomolybdic acid interlayer that improves defect passivation, energy-level alignment, and charge transport in MoOₓ-based silicon solar cells. The device achieved a champion efficiency of 24.9% with enhanced open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and minority-carrier lifetime.
Researchers identified a common signaling pathway activated by three adenosine receptor subtypes, leading to cardiac fibroblast activation and scarring. Blocking these receptors together produced a stronger antifibrotic effect, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for heart disease.
Researchers developed a gene-delivery system that converts reactive astrocytes into functional neurons, improving motor recovery in mice and rats. The system, TRANsCre-DIONE, selectively targets scar-forming cells and reprograms them into neurons, which generate nerve impulses and receive signals from other neurons.
A new study published in Aging reveals that a mutation affecting the immune and metabolic regulator SHP-1 reshapes liver function during aging, showing improved glucose metabolism can coexist with immune-cell accumulation and liver fibrosis. The findings separate liver inflammation and fibrosis from insulin resistance, obesity and lipi...
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London identified a highly mechanosensitive cell population in tendons that respond differently to changes in their physical environment. The study provides new possibilities for future research into tendon health and repair, and may support research into tendon injuries in animals.
Researchers developed a new brain imaging measure, CCSI, to study how blood flow and cellular organization align across the brain. CCSI revealed patterns of blood flow and cellular density that correlated with mitochondrial activity and energy demands, offering new insights into brain function and potential treatments for diseases.
Scientists at Salk Institute create first microprotein atlas of human frontal cortex with and without Alzheimer's disease, identifying 1,067 new microproteins and a potential link to immune cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's. The atlas provides a system for investigating microproteins in aging and neurodegeneration, bringing scientists cl...
Researchers developed a new culture membrane that recreates the biochemical composition and soft physical environment of native intestinal tissue, enhancing intestinal cell growth and behavior. The membrane, combined with human colon organoid-derived epithelial cells, exhibited increased characteristics associated with intestinal stem ...
Researchers at Janelia Research Campus have developed a method to study cellular communication across the entire animal, capturing signals from nearly every cell in a living vertebrate. This technique, called WHOLISTIC, provides a complete, concurrent picture of how biological systems interact, offering new insights into the machinery ...
A new device uses electricity to separate cancer-associated signals from healthy particles in the blood, offering a new method for studying pancreatic cancer. The device, which sorts particles based on their electrical charge, showed promise in distinguishing cancer samples from healthy ones.
A new study identifies astrocytes in the brain's fear center as a key player in stress response and anxiety. The research found that restoring the antenna-like structure on these cells can ease stress behaviors, and a potential treatment target has been identified.
Researchers found that meal timing programs the liver's daily rhythms and can have serious metabolic and health consequences when out of sync. The liver uses food signals to activate metabolic pathways, which can conflict with the body's natural circadian clock, leading to health issues.
Research identifies aberrant ERBB4 expression in excitatory neurons as an early driver of Alzheimer's disease pathologies, including neuronal hyperactivity, synapse loss, and cognitive decline. Manipulating ERBB4 expression in mouse models reveals its role in driving disease features, including reactive gliosis and amyloid buildup.
Researchers have discovered a gene linked to Parkinson's disease may also strengthen the body's ability to fight dangerous infections. The study found that a well-studied mutation in the LRRK2 gene increases the production of reactive oxygen species, making immune cells more effective at eliminating intracellular bacteria.
Researchers designed bacteria that function as transistors, allowing for the creation of living circuit boards that can perform complicated calculations. The transistors can be combined to create a variety of circuits, including those that add two or three inputs or send one input to a specific location.
WPI researchers develop new models to study uterine fibroids with NIH funding, building on student projects. The models will help researchers better understand and develop treatments for fibroids, which affect millions of women.
Dr. Chelsea Hu's research combines device engineering, real-time feedback control and mathematical modeling to address the challenge of controlling dynamic biological systems. Her team developed LED-Embedded Microplate for Optogenetic Studies (LEMOS), a platform that makes real-time optogenetic feedback control more accessible.
Researchers at Murdoch Children's Research Institute have developed a powerful platform to test and advance new treatments for childhood heart diseases. The breakthrough involves creating lab-grown heart valve tissues that closely resemble human body valves, providing a promising approach for regenerative medicine.
A study published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle reveals that deleting transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) from macrophages enhances muscle regeneration and mitochondrial function. The research found that this approach protected against obesity-related muscle wasting and improved exercise performance.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that immune cells in lung tissue express genes associated with autoimmune disease risk. These tissue-resident immune cells may actively drive the development of autoimmune diseases, particularly in women.
Scientists have discovered that TRF2, a protein previously known for protecting chromosome ends, plays a crucial role in preserving the identity of muscle stem cells and enabling their regenerative abilities. This new understanding may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophy and cancer research.
Combining cemiplimab, fianlimab, and paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response rates in high-risk -negative breast cancer. Patients with the ImPrint immune signature showed enhanced sensitivity to the combination.
An embryonic protein, GCL, organizes a distinct region of the embryo's membrane to separate future germ cells from the soma. This separation relies on the local organization of lipids in the membrane.
Researchers have discovered that tumor-educated pericytes drive alternative angiogenic pathways, bypassing VEGF inhibition and making them a major contributor to drug resistance. A novel therapeutic strategy targeting both endothelial cells and pericytes has shown superior anti-angiogenic effects in multiple cancer models.
Epithelial tissues respond to sustained mechanical stress by slowly reorganising their keratin cytoskeleton, forming supracellular networks that push the cell nucleus out of its protective cage. This process reveals a new mechanism for tissue adaptation and has implications for development and disease understanding.
A UNIGE study shows that a slight overproduction of tubulin, essential for cell structure, can disrupt tissue architecture and reduce cell viability. Microtubules play a dynamic role in adapting to the cell's changing needs, and excess tubulin makes them abnormally stable.
A study identifies curcumin as the natural compound with the most balanced combination of anticancer activity and safety against fibrosarcoma cells. Curcumin, along with berberine, disrupts mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in cancer cells, leading to cellular senescence and death.
Researchers developed a new way to uncover differences in how viruses infect and destroy individual microbial cells. The study used a mathematical modeling framework to analyze infection outcomes in individual cells, revealing striking accuracy and new insights into viral behavior.
Researchers at MIT have created a precise way to engineer artificial blood vessels by mechanically stretching and pulling a "blood vessel on a chip". The new method, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, enables controlled sprouting of new vessels and programming of their growth patterns.
A scoping review suggests astrocytic dysfunction may precede neuronal degeneration in CTE. Astrocytes' dysregulation contributes to the development of CTE's characteristic features through mechanisms including astrogliosis, disrupted waste clearance pathways, and chronic neuroinflammation.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a new imaging method that allows scientists to see previously hidden enzyme activities in small regions across the whole cell. The technique, dubbed Fluctuation Increase Negated by Intra-Chain (FINICI), flips the optical readout of negative biosensors into positive, reada...
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered that grasses grow according to temperature, not light, unlike most other plants. The team used a bioluminescence imaging system to study the growth of purple false brome and found that temperature influences grass growth in complex ways.
A study by John Innes Centre researchers reveals that inner tissues play a crucial role in shaping plant organs, contradicting the widespread assumption that external layers control growth. By analyzing cell division orientation and gene editing techniques, they discovered genes affecting stem thickness in Arabidopsis.
Researchers discovered astrocytes actively preserve long-term memories by regulating Ank2 and BDNF signaling. This finding expands the understanding of how memories are stored in the brain.
Research reveals birds can harness lactate to rapidly resurrect blood function, outperforming mammals. Lactate enables bird RBCs to convert methaemoglobin back to haemoglobin three times faster than mammalian RBCs.
A new review reveals adaptor proteins play a crucial role in regulating the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer. These molecular scaffolds coordinate signaling pathways that determine whether macrophages adopt anti-tumor or pro-tumor phenotypes, influencing immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.
A biomaterial scaffold has been developed to recreate a skull stem cell niche, reducing craniosynostosis-related deformities and promoting normal skull growth. The triphasic scaffold maintained skeletal stem cells while supporting bone formation and tissue regeneration.
Researchers found that dietary fat balance influences T-cell membrane oxidation, making them more vulnerable to ferroptosis. This can weaken immune responses, including CAR-T cell therapy effectiveness.
Researchers mapped the human kidney's developmental axis and engineered synthetic organizer cells to recreate key signals, producing improved lab-grown organoids. These advances enable more reliable models for studying disease and evaluating potential therapies.
Researchers found that ROS-producing enzymes coordinate cell proliferation, tissue integrity, and differentiation in plants. The study used a liverwort model to examine the role of RBOHs in plant development, revealing their importance in maintaining normal cell shape and tissue organization.
Researchers identified karyoptosis as a key link between toxic protein accumulation and neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia. The study found that targeting proteins acting as 'switches' in this pathway may slow or prevent cell death by karyoptosis.
Researchers discovered Paneth cell metaplasia can act as a protective response in ulcerative colitis by promoting healing and regeneration of the intestinal lining through REG3A. However, persistent changes may still carry risks, including increased cancer risk.