Articles tagged with Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered dynamic cells coordinate movements to sculpt living tissue in developing fruit flies, highlighting a powerful role of migrating cells in organ formation. This finding suggests similar systems may shape different organs, including the brain and testis.
Researchers found that cytotoxic NK cells can prevent T cells from attacking tumors in patients resistant to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Targeting these cells could lead to more effective immunotherapy.
Researchers discovered a new tumor-suppressive response targeting RNA Polymerase 1, inhibiting cancer cell growth and enhancing responsiveness to immunotherapies. The Pol 1 inhibitor BOB-42 reduced tumor growth by up to 77% in melanoma and colorectal cancers.
A comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis of perovskite solar cells offers insights into their potential to outperform crystalline silicon ones. The study highlights the need for improvements in efficiency, yield, and stability, as well as reduced materials and equipment costs.
Researchers developed a systems approach to measuring organelle changes in living cells as they grow. The study found that certain organelles grow faster than others and that the vacuole plays a key role in buffering the cell against randomness.
Researchers found that brain's dopamine neurons encode a map of possible future rewards across time and magnitude, guiding adaptive behavior in uncertain environments. This biological insight aligns with recent advances in AI, particularly distributional RL algorithms, which learn from reward distributions rather than averages.
Researchers developed an advanced single-cell sorting platform that dramatically shortens the screening process for identifying high-value microbial strains. The technology enabled the isolation of a mutant strain producing 58% more DHA than the wild type in just two days.
Researchers at CNIC uncover how the heart forms during earliest embryonic development, shedding light on congenital heart defects and regenerative medicine. The heart originates from two separate cell populations that coordinate their formation simultaneously.
A high-fat diet leads to metabolic enzyme dysregulation, insulin resistance, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Reversing these effects with antioxidants can mitigate damage.
A new AI tool developed by University of Missouri researchers can predict the 3D shape of chromosomes inside individual cells, providing a new view of how genes work. The tool helps identify unique differences in chromosome folding between cells, which controls gene activity and can lead to diseases like cancer.
MIT researchers developed a new hypothesis for how astrocytes contribute to memory storage, proposing that they encode memories through gradual changes in calcium flow patterns. This information is conveyed to neurons via gliotransmitters released at synapses connected to astrocyte processes.
Researchers identify five distinct immunotypes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, shedding light on why current immunotherapies fail. The study's findings highlight the need for immune-based assessments to guide treatment decisions and suggest a new approach to personalized medicine.
Dr. Cara Boutte is studying how certain bacteria grow by building their cell walls, which could lead to more effective antibiotics. Understanding this growth pattern could help scientists develop targeted and effective treatments for infections like tuberculosis.
Researchers developed a new imaging technique that uses artificial intelligence and high-speed microscopy to track platelet behavior in real-time. The study shows promise for personalizing heart disease treatment by monitoring clotting risk in patients with coronary artery disease.
The study resolved two cryo-EM structures of the Nipah virus L protein in complex with the P protein, revealing well-defined RdRp and PRNTase domains. The P protein formed a tetrameric bundle interacting with the L protein via hydrophobic interactions and zinc-binding sites essential for polymerase activity.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have developed a new, efficient method for recording gene activity in bacteria. The MATQ-seq protocol achieves a high cell retention rate of 95% and detects the activity of 300 to 600 genes per bacterial cell.
Researchers at Pennington Biomedical found that mitochondrial fragmentation can bypass defects in mitophagy to sustain skeletal muscle quality control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. This adaptation helps maintain mitochondrial function despite impaired mitophagy.
Researchers discovered compromised NAD+ metabolism in WS cells and found that boosting NAD+ levels using nicotinamide riboside decreased senescence in both stem cells and primary fibroblasts. The study suggests targeting NAD+ metabolism for age-related and genetic diseases.
Researchers found that new strains of Cutibacterium acnes, a species believed to contribute to acne development, are acquired during the early teenage years. This transitional stage could be the best window for introducing probiotic strains of C. acnes to prevent acne.
Scientists have created a detailed map of U2OS cells, revealing previously unknown protein functions and assemblies. The study will help researchers understand how mutated proteins contribute to childhood cancers and provide a blueprint for mapping other cell types.
A team of scientists has developed a new ultrasound technique called nonlinear sound sheet microscopy that images specifically labelled cells in 3D with ultrasound. This method allows for non-invasive imaging of whole organs and provides information about how cells behave in their natural environment.
Researchers at City of Hope discovered that mutated cells can persist for years without becoming cancer and require an additional inflammatory push for malignancy to occur. Chronic inflammation is a key trigger for tumor formation, making it essential to avoid situations like high-fat diets and obesity.
A team of Rutgers researchers captures images of living plant cells synthesizing cellulose and forming complex networks on the outer cell surface. The discovery reveals a dynamic process that may lead to more robust plants for increased food production and lower-cost biofuels.
This cohort study found that geographic access to cancer care is associated with guideline-recommended treatment for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer. Socially marginalized patients benefited from improved treatment outcomes and prognosis when accessing care in their local area.
Researchers developed uPEn to enhance genome stability and repair efficiency, achieving efficient Kozak motif insertion and precise modifications in mouse and sheep zygotes. The platform showed potential for complex genetic modifications, disease modeling, and gene therapy applications.
Researchers developed oncomicrobial vaccines targeting C. jejuni and ETBF, which reduced tumor development and inflammation in mice models. The vaccines elicited strong immune responses while minimizing disruption to gut microbiota composition.
A novel method using sodium salts of FAs, ethanol, and ultrasonication creates stable FA micelles with no degradation of FAs during preparation. This approach preserves the integrity of FAs and is applicable to a wide range of fatty acids.
The study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial-to-osteoblast conversion, promoting osteoblast differentiation and influencing Runx2 expression. The Kindlin-2/Piezo1/TGFβ/Runx2 pathway contributes to bone tissue homeostasis and may have implications for treating bone diseases like osteoporosis.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have discovered that histone deacetylase 8 (HDCA8) inhibits the conversion of Schwann cells into their repair phenotype, slowing down peripheral nervous system recovery. Removing HDAC8 accelerates regeneration and restores sensory function.
A recent study found that polyester microdroplets can form in salt-rich environments, at low alpha-hydroxy acid concentrations, and in small reaction volumes. This expands on previous research and suggests that polyester protocells were likely more common on early Earth than previously thought.
A study reveals that cells in the neural crest, which forms bones and nervous system tissues, use internal electric fields to migrate. This process, known as electrotaxis, is guided by an enzyme called voltage-sensitive phosphatase 1 (Vsp1), which converts electrical signals into directional cues.
MIT researchers developed a biosensing technique that eliminates the need for wires, using tiny wireless antennas with light detection to measure electrical signals from cells. The devices can capture scattered light with an optical microscope and measure signals with micrometer spatial resolution.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa have developed a nanoparticle strategy to deliver both mRNA and siRNA, enhancing and interfering with multiple gene and protein expressions. This approach holds significant promise for treating major diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
A new study by MIT engineers reveals that exercise can stimulate nerve growth, with neurons growing four times farther in the presence of myokines released during muscle contractions. Physical effects of exercise, such as repeated stretching and pulling, also promote nerve growth, challenging previous biochemical-only theories.
A team of researchers at the University of California San Diego has identified a key pathway leading to neurodegeneration in early stages of ALS. The study suggests that targeting this pathway may prevent or slow disease progression, offering new hope for therapies.
MIT researchers developed a theoretical foundation for methods to aggregate genes into related groups, enabling the efficient learning of underlying cause-and-effect relationships. They achieve this using only observational data, potentially paving the way for targeted treatments.
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington suggests that analyzing RNA in urine can show changes in cell types, revealing early signs of cancer and other diseases. This method could help clinicians detect problems earlier when they are more easily treated without invasive procedures.
Researchers identified a protein that could improve the cardiovascular health of patients with progeria, a rare genetic disorder. The discovery provides promising insights into potential treatments targeting cardiovascular complications in HGPS.
Researchers at São Paulo State University used condensed matter physics concepts to describe protein compartmentalization in cells. The study proposes a cellular Griffiths-like phase that may be linked to the origin of life and the emergence of primordial organisms.
A recent study published in JAMA found that telehealth delivery of early palliative care is equivalent to in-person care in terms of quality of life outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This finding highlights the potential benefits of expanding access to this evidence-based care model through telehealth.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
A study published in Neuron reveals that neurons are wired to connect seemingly unrelated concepts, enhancing the brain's ability to predict what we see based on past experiences. Visual experience influences the organisation of feedback projections, which store information about the world.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong announce an advanced sperm selection system that signals a breakthrough in assisted reproduction. The system, called BLASTO-chip, uses microfluidic droplet technology to select live sperm from immotile samples with over 90% accuracy.
Scientists have discovered a novel mechanism of dosage compensation in platypus and chicken, where protein levels are balanced despite imbalanced mRNA levels. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the role of RNA in gene expression.
Researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed an effective way to image a single cell using multiple techniques, providing significant implications in medicine and agriculture. The team used advanced X-ray imaging technologies to capture high-resolution images of the cellular structure and chemical processes within cells.
Researchers developed an approach to deliver intracellular therapeutic proteins using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), bypassing the need for scaffold proteins. This method demonstrated significant activation of interferon signaling and potent antitumor responses in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Researchers investigated the relationship between protein aggregation and liquid-liquid phase separation, finding that droplet formation may actually protect against aggregation. The study, led by Paul Scherrer Institute, used over 500 conditions to test the behavior of alpha-synuclein proteins.
Researchers at Colorado State University used human stem cells to study synaptic connections in the brain, focusing on GABAergic synapses. They found that Gephyrin promotes autonomous assembly of these synapses, which can develop independently of neuronal communication. This understanding could lead to new treatments for neurological d...
Research finds that Huntington’s disease damages microscopic blood vessels in the brain, affecting coordination between neuronal activity and oxygenation. The study uses non-invasive measurement techniques to monitor disease progression and evaluate potential treatments.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have used CRISPR/Cas9 to alter the upstream regulatory DNA of a food crop, increasing gene expression and improving downstream photosynthesis. This approach, which does not require adding foreign DNA, has shown promising results in increasing photosynthetic activity in rice.
Recent studies have identified distinct skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations in long bones, craniofacial bones, and spine, with unique properties essential for specific bone formation processes. Aging SSCs exhibit reduced osteochondrogenic activity, contributing to a pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow.
Researchers developed and validated a new DNA methylation clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) to estimate chronological age in Chinese cohorts, outperforming existing clocks. The study provides valuable tools for assessing biological age and informs aging intervention strategies.
A comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis has been created using single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. The study reveals unique epithelial and stromal subpopulations and aberrant signaling pathways involved in adenomyosis, supporting both invagination and metaplasia theories.
Metabolic cell death in cancer arises from imbalances in cellular metabolism due to nutrient and metal overload. Targeting these vulnerabilities offers novel avenues to overcome resistance to conventional therapies.
A new study reveals that neural activity related to sound detection and movement are temporally separated but share commonalities, with neurons adapting their activity based on experience. The findings shed light on the brain's complex processing of sensory information and behavioral choices.
Researchers employ a geology tool to analyze hydrogen atoms in cancer cells, finding a distinct ratio compared to healthy tissue. This discovery may lead to new ways to spot cancer early on and inform strategies for studying its growth and spread.
A research team led by Martin Hanczyc is developing artificial cells with specific elements to target cancer cells, aiming to stop their growth and defeat cancer. The team will create bio-hybrid tissues where artificial cells interact with living carcinogenic cells to influence cancer development.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel fabrication process to create aligned peptide nanofiber hydrogels, which can guide cell growth in a desired direction. The study revealed that cells need to be able to 'pull' on the peptide nanofibers to recognize alignment, and excessive rigidity can prevent this.
A new AI model generates realistic images of single cells, which are used as synthetic data to train an AI model for better cell segmentation. The researchers found that providing a more diverse dataset during training improves performance.
A study published in PNAS reveals the structure of a protein linked to neurodegenerative disease Niemann-Pick type C, which accumulates cholesterol within cellular compartments. The research sheds light on the complex mechanism of cholesterol distribution and its role in maintaining optimal levels.