Articles tagged with Cells
The study resolved two cryo-EM structures of the Nipah virus L protein in complex with the P protein, revealing well-defined RdRp and PRNTase domains. The P protein formed a tetrameric bundle interacting with the L protein via hydrophobic interactions and zinc-binding sites essential for polymerase activity.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have developed a new, efficient method for recording gene activity in bacteria. The MATQ-seq protocol achieves a high cell retention rate of 95% and detects the activity of 300 to 600 genes per bacterial cell.
Researchers at Pennington Biomedical found that mitochondrial fragmentation can bypass defects in mitophagy to sustain skeletal muscle quality control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. This adaptation helps maintain mitochondrial function despite impaired mitophagy.
Researchers found that new strains of Cutibacterium acnes, a species believed to contribute to acne development, are acquired during the early teenage years. This transitional stage could be the best window for introducing probiotic strains of C. acnes to prevent acne.
Researchers discovered compromised NAD+ metabolism in WS cells and found that boosting NAD+ levels using nicotinamide riboside decreased senescence in both stem cells and primary fibroblasts. The study suggests targeting NAD+ metabolism for age-related and genetic diseases.
Scientists have created a detailed map of U2OS cells, revealing previously unknown protein functions and assemblies. The study will help researchers understand how mutated proteins contribute to childhood cancers and provide a blueprint for mapping other cell types.
A team of scientists has developed a new ultrasound technique called nonlinear sound sheet microscopy that images specifically labelled cells in 3D with ultrasound. This method allows for non-invasive imaging of whole organs and provides information about how cells behave in their natural environment.
Researchers at City of Hope discovered that mutated cells can persist for years without becoming cancer and require an additional inflammatory push for malignancy to occur. Chronic inflammation is a key trigger for tumor formation, making it essential to avoid situations like high-fat diets and obesity.
A team of Rutgers researchers captures images of living plant cells synthesizing cellulose and forming complex networks on the outer cell surface. The discovery reveals a dynamic process that may lead to more robust plants for increased food production and lower-cost biofuels.
This cohort study found that geographic access to cancer care is associated with guideline-recommended treatment for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer. Socially marginalized patients benefited from improved treatment outcomes and prognosis when accessing care in their local area.
Researchers developed oncomicrobial vaccines targeting C. jejuni and ETBF, which reduced tumor development and inflammation in mice models. The vaccines elicited strong immune responses while minimizing disruption to gut microbiota composition.
Researchers developed uPEn to enhance genome stability and repair efficiency, achieving efficient Kozak motif insertion and precise modifications in mouse and sheep zygotes. The platform showed potential for complex genetic modifications, disease modeling, and gene therapy applications.
A novel method using sodium salts of FAs, ethanol, and ultrasonication creates stable FA micelles with no degradation of FAs during preparation. This approach preserves the integrity of FAs and is applicable to a wide range of fatty acids.
The study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial-to-osteoblast conversion, promoting osteoblast differentiation and influencing Runx2 expression. The Kindlin-2/Piezo1/TGFβ/Runx2 pathway contributes to bone tissue homeostasis and may have implications for treating bone diseases like osteoporosis.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have discovered that histone deacetylase 8 (HDCA8) inhibits the conversion of Schwann cells into their repair phenotype, slowing down peripheral nervous system recovery. Removing HDAC8 accelerates regeneration and restores sensory function.
A recent study found that polyester microdroplets can form in salt-rich environments, at low alpha-hydroxy acid concentrations, and in small reaction volumes. This expands on previous research and suggests that polyester protocells were likely more common on early Earth than previously thought.
A study reveals that cells in the neural crest, which forms bones and nervous system tissues, use internal electric fields to migrate. This process, known as electrotaxis, is guided by an enzyme called voltage-sensitive phosphatase 1 (Vsp1), which converts electrical signals into directional cues.
MIT researchers developed a biosensing technique that eliminates the need for wires, using tiny wireless antennas with light detection to measure electrical signals from cells. The devices can capture scattered light with an optical microscope and measure signals with micrometer spatial resolution.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa have developed a nanoparticle strategy to deliver both mRNA and siRNA, enhancing and interfering with multiple gene and protein expressions. This approach holds significant promise for treating major diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
A new study by MIT engineers reveals that exercise can stimulate nerve growth, with neurons growing four times farther in the presence of myokines released during muscle contractions. Physical effects of exercise, such as repeated stretching and pulling, also promote nerve growth, challenging previous biochemical-only theories.
A team of researchers at the University of California San Diego has identified a key pathway leading to neurodegeneration in early stages of ALS. The study suggests that targeting this pathway may prevent or slow disease progression, offering new hope for therapies.
MIT researchers developed a theoretical foundation for methods to aggregate genes into related groups, enabling the efficient learning of underlying cause-and-effect relationships. They achieve this using only observational data, potentially paving the way for targeted treatments.
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington suggests that analyzing RNA in urine can show changes in cell types, revealing early signs of cancer and other diseases. This method could help clinicians detect problems earlier when they are more easily treated without invasive procedures.
Researchers identified a protein that could improve the cardiovascular health of patients with progeria, a rare genetic disorder. The discovery provides promising insights into potential treatments targeting cardiovascular complications in HGPS.
Researchers at São Paulo State University used condensed matter physics concepts to describe protein compartmentalization in cells. The study proposes a cellular Griffiths-like phase that may be linked to the origin of life and the emergence of primordial organisms.
A recent study published in JAMA found that telehealth delivery of early palliative care is equivalent to in-person care in terms of quality of life outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This finding highlights the potential benefits of expanding access to this evidence-based care model through telehealth.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
A study published in Neuron reveals that neurons are wired to connect seemingly unrelated concepts, enhancing the brain's ability to predict what we see based on past experiences. Visual experience influences the organisation of feedback projections, which store information about the world.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong announce an advanced sperm selection system that signals a breakthrough in assisted reproduction. The system, called BLASTO-chip, uses microfluidic droplet technology to select live sperm from immotile samples with over 90% accuracy.
Scientists have discovered a novel mechanism of dosage compensation in platypus and chicken, where protein levels are balanced despite imbalanced mRNA levels. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the role of RNA in gene expression.
Researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed an effective way to image a single cell using multiple techniques, providing significant implications in medicine and agriculture. The team used advanced X-ray imaging technologies to capture high-resolution images of the cellular structure and chemical processes within cells.
Researchers developed an approach to deliver intracellular therapeutic proteins using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), bypassing the need for scaffold proteins. This method demonstrated significant activation of interferon signaling and potent antitumor responses in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Researchers investigated the relationship between protein aggregation and liquid-liquid phase separation, finding that droplet formation may actually protect against aggregation. The study, led by Paul Scherrer Institute, used over 500 conditions to test the behavior of alpha-synuclein proteins.
Researchers at Colorado State University used human stem cells to study synaptic connections in the brain, focusing on GABAergic synapses. They found that Gephyrin promotes autonomous assembly of these synapses, which can develop independently of neuronal communication. This understanding could lead to new treatments for neurological d...
Research finds that Huntington’s disease damages microscopic blood vessels in the brain, affecting coordination between neuronal activity and oxygenation. The study uses non-invasive measurement techniques to monitor disease progression and evaluate potential treatments.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have used CRISPR/Cas9 to alter the upstream regulatory DNA of a food crop, increasing gene expression and improving downstream photosynthesis. This approach, which does not require adding foreign DNA, has shown promising results in increasing photosynthetic activity in rice.
Recent studies have identified distinct skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations in long bones, craniofacial bones, and spine, with unique properties essential for specific bone formation processes. Aging SSCs exhibit reduced osteochondrogenic activity, contributing to a pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow.
Researchers developed and validated a new DNA methylation clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) to estimate chronological age in Chinese cohorts, outperforming existing clocks. The study provides valuable tools for assessing biological age and informs aging intervention strategies.
A comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis has been created using single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. The study reveals unique epithelial and stromal subpopulations and aberrant signaling pathways involved in adenomyosis, supporting both invagination and metaplasia theories.
Metabolic cell death in cancer arises from imbalances in cellular metabolism due to nutrient and metal overload. Targeting these vulnerabilities offers novel avenues to overcome resistance to conventional therapies.
A new study reveals that neural activity related to sound detection and movement are temporally separated but share commonalities, with neurons adapting their activity based on experience. The findings shed light on the brain's complex processing of sensory information and behavioral choices.
A research team led by Martin Hanczyc is developing artificial cells with specific elements to target cancer cells, aiming to stop their growth and defeat cancer. The team will create bio-hybrid tissues where artificial cells interact with living carcinogenic cells to influence cancer development.
Researchers employ a geology tool to analyze hydrogen atoms in cancer cells, finding a distinct ratio compared to healthy tissue. This discovery may lead to new ways to spot cancer early on and inform strategies for studying its growth and spread.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel fabrication process to create aligned peptide nanofiber hydrogels, which can guide cell growth in a desired direction. The study revealed that cells need to be able to 'pull' on the peptide nanofibers to recognize alignment, and excessive rigidity can prevent this.
A new AI model generates realistic images of single cells, which are used as synthetic data to train an AI model for better cell segmentation. The researchers found that providing a more diverse dataset during training improves performance.
A study published in PNAS reveals the structure of a protein linked to neurodegenerative disease Niemann-Pick type C, which accumulates cholesterol within cellular compartments. The research sheds light on the complex mechanism of cholesterol distribution and its role in maintaining optimal levels.
Researchers discovered compounds with untapped therapeutic potential for treating BPH, melanogenesis, and nerve damage. Metformin restored sex hormone homeostasis, epimedin B stimulated pigmentation function, and hydralazine suppressed ferroptosis to aid in axon regeneration.
Researchers studied Prorocentrum cordatum to understand its molecular processes, revealing a unique photosynthetic machinery that may help it adapt to changing light conditions. The findings could lead to improved understanding of harmful algal blooms and their role in climate change.
Researchers have identified macrophages, immune cells that gobble up foreign substances, in the pleural cavity around the lungs. These cells play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and disease during flu infections.
A new study from the University of Ottawa proposes using vanoxerine, a drug initially developed for cocaine addiction, to potentially treat advanced colon cancer. Vanoxerine has been found to suppress cancer stem cell activity in colon cancer patients' tissues and tumours implanted in laboratory animals. The drug works by interfering w...
Scientists have imaged microtubule formation in unprecedented detail, revealing a complex process that involves the gamma-tubulin ring complex and a newly-discovered latch mechanism. The findings hold promise for developing targeted therapies for various diseases, including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers aim to improve glioma treatment with direct light therapy that targets cancer cells without harming healthy ones. The project will investigate the efficacy and safety of this approach, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Göttingen and Warwick Universities studied the structure and mechanics of cytoskeletal networks composed of actin isoforms. The study found that gamma actin forms rigid networks near the cell apex, while beta actin preferentially forms parallel bundles with distinct organizational patterns.
A chemically defined, xeno-free culture system for culturing and deriving monkey PSCs has been successfully developed. The system allows for the global gene expression analysis and genome-wide hypomethylation patterns distinct from human cells, enabling the tracking of cell migration and proliferation.
A new experimental model, human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS), was used to study lung disease mechanisms and understand treatment response. The team leveraged single-cell genomics to analyze cell activity in hPCLS after specific treatments.
Researchers discovered distinct mechanisms controlling different types of immune cells and found a way to selectively eliminate 'problematic' cells driving autoimmune disorders. This breakthrough offers precise targets for potential treatment strategies, potentially revolutionizing the way we treat skin conditions.
Researchers found a significant increase in extracellular vesicles released by aged keratinocytes, which were also enriched with specific microRNAs. These EVs impaired young keratinocyte proliferation and organogenesis, mimicking aged skin defects.
Mitochondria's dual evolutionary origin means their DNA accumulates damage as we age, contributing to age-related decline. Researchers found that defective mitochondria are removed through a unique biological process involving enzymes normally used for cell death.
A team of MSU researchers, supported by a $750,000 grant from JDRF, is creating a new approach to image immune cells in living subjects. This could enable better treatment opportunities and outcomes for patients with Type 1 diabetes, particularly those who are eligible for cell transplantation strategies.
Candida albicans requires proline metabolism to mount virulent infections, according to a new study. Proline is an important source of energy for the fungus, and its breakdown in the mitochondria generates chemical energy similar to glucose.