Articles tagged with Cells
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington suggests that analyzing RNA in urine can show changes in cell types, revealing early signs of cancer and other diseases. This method could help clinicians detect problems earlier when they are more easily treated without invasive procedures.
Researchers identified a protein that could improve the cardiovascular health of patients with progeria, a rare genetic disorder. The discovery provides promising insights into potential treatments targeting cardiovascular complications in HGPS.
Researchers at São Paulo State University used condensed matter physics concepts to describe protein compartmentalization in cells. The study proposes a cellular Griffiths-like phase that may be linked to the origin of life and the emergence of primordial organisms.
A recent study published in JAMA found that telehealth delivery of early palliative care is equivalent to in-person care in terms of quality of life outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This finding highlights the potential benefits of expanding access to this evidence-based care model through telehealth.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
A study published in Neuron reveals that neurons are wired to connect seemingly unrelated concepts, enhancing the brain's ability to predict what we see based on past experiences. Visual experience influences the organisation of feedback projections, which store information about the world.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong announce an advanced sperm selection system that signals a breakthrough in assisted reproduction. The system, called BLASTO-chip, uses microfluidic droplet technology to select live sperm from immotile samples with over 90% accuracy.
Scientists have discovered a novel mechanism of dosage compensation in platypus and chicken, where protein levels are balanced despite imbalanced mRNA levels. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the role of RNA in gene expression.
Researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed an effective way to image a single cell using multiple techniques, providing significant implications in medicine and agriculture. The team used advanced X-ray imaging technologies to capture high-resolution images of the cellular structure and chemical processes within cells.
Researchers developed an approach to deliver intracellular therapeutic proteins using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), bypassing the need for scaffold proteins. This method demonstrated significant activation of interferon signaling and potent antitumor responses in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Researchers investigated the relationship between protein aggregation and liquid-liquid phase separation, finding that droplet formation may actually protect against aggregation. The study, led by Paul Scherrer Institute, used over 500 conditions to test the behavior of alpha-synuclein proteins.
Researchers at Colorado State University used human stem cells to study synaptic connections in the brain, focusing on GABAergic synapses. They found that Gephyrin promotes autonomous assembly of these synapses, which can develop independently of neuronal communication. This understanding could lead to new treatments for neurological d...
Research finds that Huntington’s disease damages microscopic blood vessels in the brain, affecting coordination between neuronal activity and oxygenation. The study uses non-invasive measurement techniques to monitor disease progression and evaluate potential treatments.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have used CRISPR/Cas9 to alter the upstream regulatory DNA of a food crop, increasing gene expression and improving downstream photosynthesis. This approach, which does not require adding foreign DNA, has shown promising results in increasing photosynthetic activity in rice.
Recent studies have identified distinct skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations in long bones, craniofacial bones, and spine, with unique properties essential for specific bone formation processes. Aging SSCs exhibit reduced osteochondrogenic activity, contributing to a pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow.
Researchers developed and validated a new DNA methylation clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) to estimate chronological age in Chinese cohorts, outperforming existing clocks. The study provides valuable tools for assessing biological age and informs aging intervention strategies.
A comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis has been created using single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. The study reveals unique epithelial and stromal subpopulations and aberrant signaling pathways involved in adenomyosis, supporting both invagination and metaplasia theories.
Metabolic cell death in cancer arises from imbalances in cellular metabolism due to nutrient and metal overload. Targeting these vulnerabilities offers novel avenues to overcome resistance to conventional therapies.
A new study reveals that neural activity related to sound detection and movement are temporally separated but share commonalities, with neurons adapting their activity based on experience. The findings shed light on the brain's complex processing of sensory information and behavioral choices.
Researchers employ a geology tool to analyze hydrogen atoms in cancer cells, finding a distinct ratio compared to healthy tissue. This discovery may lead to new ways to spot cancer early on and inform strategies for studying its growth and spread.
A research team led by Martin Hanczyc is developing artificial cells with specific elements to target cancer cells, aiming to stop their growth and defeat cancer. The team will create bio-hybrid tissues where artificial cells interact with living carcinogenic cells to influence cancer development.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel fabrication process to create aligned peptide nanofiber hydrogels, which can guide cell growth in a desired direction. The study revealed that cells need to be able to 'pull' on the peptide nanofibers to recognize alignment, and excessive rigidity can prevent this.
A new AI model generates realistic images of single cells, which are used as synthetic data to train an AI model for better cell segmentation. The researchers found that providing a more diverse dataset during training improves performance.
A study published in PNAS reveals the structure of a protein linked to neurodegenerative disease Niemann-Pick type C, which accumulates cholesterol within cellular compartments. The research sheds light on the complex mechanism of cholesterol distribution and its role in maintaining optimal levels.
Researchers discovered compounds with untapped therapeutic potential for treating BPH, melanogenesis, and nerve damage. Metformin restored sex hormone homeostasis, epimedin B stimulated pigmentation function, and hydralazine suppressed ferroptosis to aid in axon regeneration.
Researchers studied Prorocentrum cordatum to understand its molecular processes, revealing a unique photosynthetic machinery that may help it adapt to changing light conditions. The findings could lead to improved understanding of harmful algal blooms and their role in climate change.
Researchers have identified macrophages, immune cells that gobble up foreign substances, in the pleural cavity around the lungs. These cells play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and disease during flu infections.
A new study from the University of Ottawa proposes using vanoxerine, a drug initially developed for cocaine addiction, to potentially treat advanced colon cancer. Vanoxerine has been found to suppress cancer stem cell activity in colon cancer patients' tissues and tumours implanted in laboratory animals. The drug works by interfering w...
Scientists have imaged microtubule formation in unprecedented detail, revealing a complex process that involves the gamma-tubulin ring complex and a newly-discovered latch mechanism. The findings hold promise for developing targeted therapies for various diseases, including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers aim to improve glioma treatment with direct light therapy that targets cancer cells without harming healthy ones. The project will investigate the efficacy and safety of this approach, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Göttingen and Warwick Universities studied the structure and mechanics of cytoskeletal networks composed of actin isoforms. The study found that gamma actin forms rigid networks near the cell apex, while beta actin preferentially forms parallel bundles with distinct organizational patterns.
A chemically defined, xeno-free culture system for culturing and deriving monkey PSCs has been successfully developed. The system allows for the global gene expression analysis and genome-wide hypomethylation patterns distinct from human cells, enabling the tracking of cell migration and proliferation.
A new experimental model, human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS), was used to study lung disease mechanisms and understand treatment response. The team leveraged single-cell genomics to analyze cell activity in hPCLS after specific treatments.
Researchers discovered distinct mechanisms controlling different types of immune cells and found a way to selectively eliminate 'problematic' cells driving autoimmune disorders. This breakthrough offers precise targets for potential treatment strategies, potentially revolutionizing the way we treat skin conditions.
Researchers found a significant increase in extracellular vesicles released by aged keratinocytes, which were also enriched with specific microRNAs. These EVs impaired young keratinocyte proliferation and organogenesis, mimicking aged skin defects.
Mitochondria's dual evolutionary origin means their DNA accumulates damage as we age, contributing to age-related decline. Researchers found that defective mitochondria are removed through a unique biological process involving enzymes normally used for cell death.
A team of MSU researchers, supported by a $750,000 grant from JDRF, is creating a new approach to image immune cells in living subjects. This could enable better treatment opportunities and outcomes for patients with Type 1 diabetes, particularly those who are eligible for cell transplantation strategies.
Candida albicans requires proline metabolism to mount virulent infections, according to a new study. Proline is an important source of energy for the fungus, and its breakdown in the mitochondria generates chemical energy similar to glucose.
Researchers created a hydrogel mat with magnetic microparticles that mimic the forces of exercise. The team found that regularly exercising muscle cells resulted in longer, aligned fibers, and improved contraction capabilities.
Scientists have developed a technique to restore the function of human-derived GPCR proteins in yeast cells, which could accelerate research and lead to more effective treatments. The approach, using error-prone polymerase chain reaction, introduces random mutations that enhance protein stability and function.
Two parallel projects publish detailed cell atlases of the adult human brain and brain development, revealing over 3,000 cell types, including new insights into brain diseases and potential therapeutic targets. The freely available brain atlases will enable researchers to compare healthy brains with diseased ones.
Red blood cell transfusions were common in ICU patients globally, with overlapping reasons for use despite differing clinical contexts. The three most common triggers for transfusion (hypotension, tachycardia, hemodynamic instability) were largely consistent across regions.
Researchers created a new CRISPR-based gene therapy tool using locally sourced, human-derived proteins that can activate silent or insufficiently expressed genes. The DREAM tool mimics the natural ability of human cells to turn on specific genes in response to mechanical cues.
Rice University bioengineers Jerzy Szablowski and Julea Vlassakis have received the National Institutes of Health Director’s New Innovator Award for their creative research projects on gene expression and cancer interactions. Szablowski is developing noninvasive methods to map gene expression, while Vlassakis is studying complex single...
A new compartment in mammalian cells, the exclusome, has been discovered to house DNA rings that can be ejected from the nucleus. This process helps protect chromosomes from foreign DNA that could disrupt cellular function. The discovery sheds light on a potential link between the exclusome and autoimmune diseases.
Formaldehyde is a toxic chemical known to cause cancer but also plays an important role in human biology. New compounds developed by University of Leicester researchers allow for controlled release of formaldehyde in cells, enabling precise measurement of its effects.
Researchers have identified novel therapeutic targets using single-cell and spatially resolved omics, including cannabidiol for colorectal tumors, Cux1 as a potential target for dry skin diseases, and microglia communication for Alzheimer's disease. These studies offer hope for future treatments.
Researchers have identified a new cell type, ARG1+ microglia, involved in brain development and function during early postnatal stages. This discovery sheds light on the role of microglia in neural systems and their potential link to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Brandon Carpenter, a Kennesaw State University professor, received a $432,000 NIH grant to continue his research on epigenetic states and their inheritance in nematodes. Students will use the microscopic Caenorhabditis elegans worm to study neurological disorders.
Researchers have identified an essential stage in the takeover of rice cells by a fungus, which could accelerate treatment or prevention of rice blast disease. The discovery involves a modification in tRNA molecules that aid in protein construction, and its absence leads to reduced virulence.
Imperial researchers have imaged Piezo1 channels in human cells and organs, revealing their role in regulating blood pressure, respiration, bladder control, and the immune system. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of their role in fundamental physiological processes and potentially new drug targets for diseases.
A new nano-sized force sensor developed by Tampere University researchers allows for the measurement of intracellular forces and mechanical strains. This technology has great potential for studying cancer cells and understanding cellular mechanics.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a single scaffolding protein, TCOF1, responsible for forming a biomolecular condensate within the nucleolus. The findings suggest that this condensate played a crucial role in the evolutionary shift from a bipartite to a tripartite nucleolus 300 million years ago.
A University of Ottawa-led research team has made significant progress in understanding XLP-2, a genetic disorder that affects the immune system. The study reveals two underlying mechanisms: poor expression of Interleukin-6 and compromised T cell survival, which lead to immunodeficiency in patients.
A team of researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt has discovered a central switch point in the mitochondrial signaling chain under misfolding stress. The mitochondria send two chemical signals to the cell when protein misfolding stress occurs, triggering a protective response that reduces misfolded proteins and stabilizes membranes.
Researchers from Korea University Medicine have discovered a potential therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance and neuropathic pain in cervical cancer. By inhibiting TRPV1, they found that resistant tumors became vulnerable to cisplatin, improving the outlook for patients.
Exposure to plastic particles from microwaved baby food containers can be deadly, with up to 75% of cultured kidney cells dying after two days. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln study found that polypropylene containers release 1,000 times more nanoplastics than microplastics.
A University of Ottawa study reveals that a diverse brain's ecosystem is key to maintaining normal function while responding to changes. This concept is inspired by Charles Darwin's idea that biodiversity is crucial for survival, suggesting cell-to-cell diversity helps prevent failures in brain circuits.
Researchers create a three-dimensional epithelial model that reproduces the human lip area, allowing for evaluation of cosmetic ingredients and products. The model's structure and differentiation mode are similar to those of actual human lip tissue.
Researchers have discovered that gene editing technologies may introduce unintended mutations and damage to DNA in early human embryos. The study found that most cells repair breaks in the DNA using non-homologous end joining, which can lead to additional genetic abnormalities.