Articles tagged with Embryonic Stem Cells
Researchers at Whitehead Institute identified four genetic markers that predict pluripotency in single cells, allowing for more efficient reprogramming. The team also discovered six new combinations of factors that activate Sox2, leading to full reprogramming and potentially healthier iPSCs.
A study found that abnormal endocannabinoid signaling in mouse embryos can disrupt placental development and lead to pregnancy problems. Researchers hope the findings will inform studies on the causes of preeclampsia, a medical condition affecting mothers and children.
Researchers successfully reprogrammed skin cells into germ cell-supporting embryonic Sertoli-like cells, which exhibit characteristics of native Sertoli cells. The trans-differentiated cells supported other cells in a Petri dish and had enhanced supportive capacity after transplantation into the brain.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have successfully converted adult blood cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) using a virus-free method, achieving efficiencies of 50-60% in laboratory experiments. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for cancer and regenerative medicine applications.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have discovered the crucial role of Mof in preserving stem cells' ability to become any type of cell. By regulating DNA access, Mof enables stem cells to maintain their 'stem-ness' and differentiate into specialized cells.
Researchers have identified a biochemical marker, SSEA4, that can be used to identify and purify human pancreatic stem cells. These stem cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells when grown in culture with high glucose levels, potentially offering a new approach for treating type 1 diabetes.
Researchers have successfully derived human embryonic stem cells from frozen embryos after 18 years of storage. This breakthrough provides a valuable alternative source of ES cells for drug screening and medical research.
Researchers have made a major advance in efforts to regenerate damaged hearts by transplanting human cardiac muscle cells that electrically couple and beat in sync with the heart's own muscle. These grafts reduced the incidence of arrhythmias in a guinea pig model of myocardial infarction.
A team of researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that Aurora A (Aurka) activates p53 by phosphorylation, promoting ESC self-renewal. The study provides insight into the role of Aurka in embryonic stem cell regulation and cancer development.
Researchers from IMIM have deciphered the role of β-catenin in generating haematopoietic stem cells, which can be used to treat leukaemia patients without compatible donors. The study lays the foundation for laboratory-generated stem cells that can improve transplant quality and quantity.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem identified mechanisms allowing embryonic stem cells to become any cell type by examining epigenetic pathways and chromatin structure. This discovery could lead to the creation of cells in labs for treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other degenerative diseases.
Researchers discovered a crucial switch controlling cardiac stem cell activity, enabling the growth of healthy hearts and potentially treating congenital defects. By silencing this switch, scientists hope to regenerate damaged adult hearts using lab-cultured replacement cells.
Researchers identified a protein called LIF as crucial for the growth of female iPS cells, which contain two copies of the X-chromosome. This discovery offers new insights into how iPS cells form and could lead to improved human models for studying disease and testing new drugs.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have discovered that adult stem cells from bone marrow can transform into cells of other organs, such as the heart, brain, and pancreas. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating diseases like diabetes, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
Scientists have reprogrammed amniotic fluid cells into a more versatile state similar to embryonic stem cells. The findings suggest that stem cells derived from donated amniotic fluid could be stored in banks and used for therapies, providing a viable alternative to the limited embryonic stem cells currently available.
A novel gene variant associated with reduced cholesterol levels has been identified in human populations. Additionally, a new approach for treating Parkinson's disease using embryonic stem cell therapy is proposed. Furthermore, research suggests that brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a crucial role in the concurrence of ...
Embryonic stem cells can be used to replace dopamine-producing cells in Parkinson's disease patients with high efficiency. Researchers have identified specific genes associated with each stage of neuronal differentiation, allowing for more precise cell purification strategies.
Researchers in Japan have concluded that adult-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells demonstrate similar survival and neural differentiation capabilities when transplanted into mouse cochleae. However, iPS cell transplantation is associated with a risk of tumor growth, highlighting the importa...
Notre Dame has established professorships in adult stem cell research thanks to a $5 million gift from the Gallagher family. The new positions aim to accelerate the discovery of treatments for degenerative diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's disease, using non-embryonic stem cells.
Researchers have successfully formed human-derived stem cell tissue resembling the retina, a breakthrough that could lead to new treatments for visual impairments. This achievement uses optimized cell culture methods and demonstrates the potential of human embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that embryonic stem cells enter a unique, privileged state during early embryo development where specific genes are activated, allowing them to differentiate into any cell type. This discovery may provide insight into how to improve the clinical value of ES cells for therapy.
Stem cells in the developing embryo give rise to adult nephrons, but unlike skin and gut, kidneys can't build new ones. FGF9 and FGF20 proteins maintain the embryonic kidney's stem cell niche, which is crucial for future research on growing kidney stem cells in the lab.
A Stanford researcher discovered that certain human embryonic stem cells produce molecules that benefit themselves and nearby cells during stress, exhibiting 'altruistic' behavior. This unique trait is linked to an increase in p53 protein fluctuations, enabling some stem cells to maintain their stemness and secrete antioxidant glutathi...
Researchers at UCSF have successfully treated chronic neuropathic pain in mice by transplanting immature embryonic nerve cells into the spinal cord. The transplanted cells integrated into the nerve circuitry, forming synapses and signaling pathways with neighboring neurons, leading to a significant reduction in pain hypersensitivity.
Scientists have developed a synthetic surface that allows adult-derived stem cells to thrive and transform into multiple cell types, including bone cells. Transplanting these bone cells into mice resulted in four times more new bone growth compared to without the extra bone cells.
A new technique called TAB-Seq has enabled scientists to map the entire genome of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine sites at single-base resolution. This breakthrough has revealed new information about its patterns of distribution in human and mouse embryonic stem cells, indicating a major role in regulating gene expression and development.
Researchers at NYSCF have successfully grown compact bone tissue using human embryonic stem cells, which can be used to repair and replace damaged bone in patients. The breakthrough could lead to personalized bone grafts that avoid immune rejection.
Embryonic stem cells that lack DNA compaction are unable to fully differentiate into specific cell types. Chromatin compaction is required for proper embryonic stem cell differentiation to occur, and its absence impairs the suppression of pluripotency genes and leads to impaired differentiation.
Embryonic stem cells have a rapid suicidal response to DNA damage, eliminating them from the developing embryo. This adaptation prevents mutations from harming the organism and allows scientists to harness their potential for therapeutic use.
Researchers at TUM discovered that macrophages can originate from two distinct cell lines: one from hematopoietic stem cells and the other from yolk sac cells. The study reveals that yolk sac-derived macrophages migrate to organs during embryonic development and remain there, while blood-circulating macrophages are replaced by stem cells.
Researchers have devised a new method for producing genetically modified animals using haploid embryonic stem cells, which may enable genetic modification of animals that can't be modified by today's means. The technique could also potentially be used in assisted human reproduction for those affected by genetic disease.
A new human embryonic stem cell line has been developed to aid research on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a common inherited neurological disorder. The line, derived from a donated embryo carrying the gene defect responsible for CMT, is now available for federally-funded research.
A small number of cells in the embryo are enough to form the outer layer of pumping heart muscle in an adult zebrafish. The researchers discovered that only eight single cells contributed to forming a major type of heart muscle, and just one or two cells could create up to 70% of the entire ventricular surface.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered two essential repressor genes, E2f7 and E2f8, that control cell proliferation in the placenta. The absence of these genes leads to overcrowded and poorly organized cells, hindering embryonic development.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research found that the Arp2/3 complex is essential for forming lamellipodia, which are crucial for cell migration. The study used genetic disruption to investigate the function of Arp2/3 in fibroblast cell motility.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have derived a population of pure lung and thyroid progenitor cells in vitro that successfully mimic the developmental milestones of lung and thyroid tissue formation. The purified cells can be used to develop new gene and cell-based therapies for lung diseases.
Human embryonic stem cells are regulated by three genes: Nanog, Oct 4, and Sox 2. These genes control self-renewal and differentiation, essential for treating diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The study highlights the importance of human research over mouse models.
Researchers discovered that embryonic stem cells undergo a metabolic shift, using glucose as their primary energy source like cancer cells. This shift occurs under low oxygen conditions and is driven by a transcription factor called hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.
The University of Bonn team has successfully derived brain stem cells directly from connective tissue in mice, which can reproduce and be converted into various types of brain cells. This method is faster, safer, and associated with a lower risk of tumors compared to existing approaches.
A study at Tufts University has identified specific epigenetic signatures that can predict the expression of a wound-healing protein in reprogrammed skin cells. This breakthrough brings researchers closer to developing personalized tissue regeneration strategies using stem cells from patients, eliminating the need for human embryonic s...
A team led by Professor Kevin Shakesheff has created an artificial 'womb' that allows for the growth of embryos outside the body, revealing new aspects of embryonic development. By observing critical stages in real-time, scientists have gained insights into the process of head formation and the role of pioneer cells in leading migration.
Scientists at Whitehead Institute have made a breakthrough in understanding planarian stem cells, discovering genes that regulate two main functions: differentiation and renewal. The study, published in Cell Stem Cell, provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying regenerative medicine.
Researchers discovered that high levels of Amd1, an enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway, are essential for maintaining embryonic stem cells' (ESCs) self-renewal ability. The study also found that manipulating polyamine levels could help direct ESC differentiation into clinically useful cell types.
Researchers have developed a synthetic version of the essential protein Oct4, which enhances the effect of genes needed for stem cells. This breakthrough enables more efficient generation and maintenance of stem cells, with potential applications in regenerative medicine and disease treatment.
Researchers have developed a method to overcome the barrier of implantation into the womb and study embryonic development for the first 8 days. This allows them to understand how clusters of extra-embryonic cells signal where to make the head of the embryo.
A University of Minnesota-led research team has proposed a mechanism for controlling embryonic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The study reveals that two enzymes, ERK1 and ERK2, inactivate the protein Klf4, allowing cells to differentiate into adult cells.
Scientists from MIT and partners have developed a way to produce liver-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be infected with hepatitis C. This allows for the study of why people respond differently to the infection, potentially leading to personalized medicine.
Research reveals LSD1's key function in silencing embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation, allowing cells to adopt new operating systems. The findings hold broader implications for understanding defective operating systems in diseases like cancer.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have successfully converted mouse skin cells into neural precursor cells with high efficiency. This breakthrough could potentially refute the need for pluripotency and offer a more direct way to generate specific cell types for therapy or research.
Neural stem cell derivatives from human pluripotent stem cells are prone to chromosomal instability, particularly with chromosome 1q, which has been linked to blood cell cancers and pediatric brain tumors.
Researchers used human embryonic stem cells to treat macular degeneration in two patients, with some improvement in vision observed. The study showed that the transplants were safe and led to successful engraftment of cells into the retina.
Researchers generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from ear tissue of adult snow leopards, paving the way for cryopreservation and cloning techniques to save endangered species. This breakthrough raises hopes for the conservation of the snow leopard and other cat family members.
Researchers successfully converted stem cells from umbilical cords into oligodendrocytes, critical cells that insulate nerves in the brain and spinal cord. The breakthrough offers new hope for treating spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis by injecting healthy oligodendrocytes into the body.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered a gene called multicilin that tells cells to develop multiple cilia, tiny structures moving fluids through the lungs and brain. This finding may help create new therapies using stem cells to replace damaged lung tissues with healthy ones.
Researchers have successfully produced chimeric monkeys with six distinct genomes, expanding the scope of biomedical research. The breakthrough suggests limitations in using cultured embryonic stem cells and highlights the importance of studying primate and human embryos.
Scientists at OHSU successfully produced the world's first primate chimeric offspring, three baby rhesus macaques, shedding light on stem cell functions and abilities in primates compared to rodents. The research has significant implications for regenerative medicine, particularly in treating diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers identified a family of molecules that can stimulate stem cells to develop into beating heart muscle cells, paving the way for new therapies for cardiac regeneration and repair. The discoveries were made using a zebrafish model system and showed promise in enhancing the inherent regenerative capacities of the heart.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have shown that iPS cells can mirror the defining defects of Marfan syndrome as well as embryonic stem cells. This study advances the credibility of induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling human diseases and offers an ethically uncomplicated alternative to embryonic stem cells.
A survey of US human embryonic stem cell researchers found nearly four in ten faced excessive delay acquiring a line, while over one-quarter were unable to get the line they needed. The main reasons for these issues include material transfer agreements, research approval, and federal policies.
A team led by Nancy Speck at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has discovered a molecular marker for hematopoietic stem cells, providing insights into their origin and development. This finding could help manipulate embryonic stem cells to generate new blood cells for therapy in leukemia patients