Articles tagged with Stem Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at the Buck Institute used a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory factor called MANF to promote tissue repair and regenerative success in the retina of mice. The discovery holds promise for treating chronic inflammatory diseases of the eye, including macular degeneration.
Researchers are studying exercise's effects on muscle loss and weakness in people with chronic kidney disease, a condition affecting 20 million Americans. They aim to determine the optimal dose of exercise and explore whether it can mitigate disease progression.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a new bio-ink containing stem cells that can be printed using 3D technology. The bio-ink allows for the creation of complex living tissue structures with microscopic pores, providing effective nutrient access for stem cells.
A new approach repairs liver disease by converting fibrosis-causing cells into functional hepatocytes, reducing damage and improving liver function. The technique targets liver fibrosis, a primary driver of liver disease, and may be more efficient than cell transplants.
Research at Washington University School of Medicine found that a metabolite produced by beneficial gut microbes restricts the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. This limits the intestine's ability to repair itself after injury or damage, potentially hampering treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Researchers at Oxford University have identified the oldest known population of plant root stem cells, preserved in a 320 million-year-old fossil. These ancient stem cells provide unique insights into the evolution of roots and their role in shaping the Earth's climate.
Researchers at UVA Health System have identified promising drugs that could lead to the first antidote for radiation exposure from dirty bombs or nuclear accidents. The study suggests that these compounds, including rapamycin, might alleviate the effects of ionizing radiation.
Researchers developed a new contrast agent to monitor stem cell treatments inside the body using MRI scans. The agent addresses technical challenges such as toxicity and accumulation in cells, offering improved resolution and sensitivity.
Scientists at NYSCF Research Institute discovered strategies to prevent mitochondrial mixtures, leading to effective mitochondrial replacement. Egg freezing enables doctors to avoid synchronized ovulation between patient and donor, allowing for safer treatment of mitochondrial diseases.
Researchers mapped changes in plant cell wall composition over space and time using Arabidopsis as a model organism, revealing key roles in plant developmental pathways. The study identifies essential genes involved in cellulose production and suggests selective breeding to enhance plant properties.
Biologists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new regulatory pathway that channels signals from leaves to stem cells, regulating their proliferation. This pathway, involving the FEA3 receptor-like protein, has near-term implications for increasing maize and staple crop yields by as much as 50%.
Researchers at George Washington University have developed a new system using optogenetics to control human heart cells, enabling the fast testing of potential new drugs. The technique can test 30,000 cells in under 10 minutes, streamlining a primarily manual process and reducing timeline from hours or years to minutes.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine and Harvard University have produced insulin-secreting cells from stem cells derived from patients with type 1 diabetes. The new cells can produce insulin in response to glucose and may offer a potential cure for the disease.
A study using stem cell therapy to treat refractory angina (RA) demonstrated promising results, including improved exercise time, reduced angina, and lower mortality rates. The treatment showed potential for difficult-to-treat RA patient population, offering a new approach for patients with limited treatment options.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a composite material that combines the strength of plastic with the biological information in natural bone. The 70% bone powder blend showed better bone formation than the 30% blend, but both were stronger and more effective than pure PCL.
Researchers found that nicotinamide riboside improves mitochondrial function in stem cells, leading to better regeneration processes in aged mice. The compound also showed promising effects on the brain and skin, with potential implications for regenerative medicine.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded a two-year grant to explore the use of cells from a patient's own adipose tissue as vascular grafts in arterial bypass surgery. This method could reduce complications and increase accessibility, eliminating the need for vein or artery harvesting.
Researchers have identified nine chemical compounds that can transform human fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells, which can then be used to partially heal damaged hearts. This breakthrough could lead to new avenues for cardiac regenerative therapies.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have identified a molecular signal that controls skin and hair color, which could lead to therapies targeting vitiligo and gray hair. The study found that stimulating this pathway increases melanocyte stem cell pigment production and corrects discoloration around scars.
Scientists have successfully extracted stem cells from a 50-year-old test subject's fatty tissue, applied genetic reprogramming, and produced mature, insulin-producing beta cells. The researchers' technique has the potential to treat diabetes by implanting new functional beta cells made from the patient's own adipose tissue.
Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia have developed new methods for creating human tissues using textile manufacturing processes. These methods, which include meltblowing, spunbonding, and carding, proved more cost-effective than traditional electrospinning techniques, with costs ranging from $0.30 to $3.00 per meter.
Investigational stem cell therapy derived from a patient's own blood marrow significantly improved outcomes in patients with severe heart failure. The study found that the treatment reduced deaths by 37% and hospitalizations by 49% compared to placebo.
Researchers have developed a novel mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia, offering a new tool for understanding the disease and identifying potential therapeutic targets. The model has revealed insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying AML, including the role of Dnmt3a mutations.
Researchers discovered that schistosome stem cells are responsible for constantly renewing the worm's outer layer of skin, a unique tissue called the tegument. This process allows the flatworm to survive in the bloodstream for decades, evading its host's immune defenses.
Researchers at University of California, San Diego have developed a new cell labeling probe using fluorine-19, which can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing for the visualization of cell behavior. The addition of iron enhances the MRI signal, making it possible to track cells quickly and clearly.
Researchers at the Wyss Institute developed a method for bioprinting thick vascularized tissue constructs composed of human stem cells and extracellular matrix. The resulting tissues can sustain and function as living architectures for upwards of six weeks, enabling controlled perfusion of fluids, nutrients, and cell growth factors.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have made a breakthrough in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a difficult-to-treat condition affecting millions. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) infused into laboratory rats reversed the condition, improving heart function and filling capacity.
Scientists have discovered that some human fat cells originate from stem cells in bone marrow, which could lead to new strategies for preventing and reversing fat-related chronic diseases. By manipulating the production of these cells, researchers hope to reduce the risk of conditions like cardiovascular disease and obesity.
Researchers have found a way to activate natural killer cells, which hunt and destroy cancer cells, by targeting the 'switch' protein ID2. This discovery could lead to new treatments for breast, colon, and melanoma cancers.
Researchers have discovered that tissue from the lower stomach has the greatest potential to be reprogrammed into beta-cell state. Engineered mini-organs produced insulin and refreshed themselves with stem cells, giving the tissue a sustainable regenerative boost.
Researchers have identified the EZH2 gene as a driver of aggressive pediatric leukemia subtype ETP-ALL, characterized by stem-like cells and increased growth signaling. The study provides potential therapeutic targets, including the existing drug ruxolitinib, for this previously challenging disease.
A recent study published in the Journal of Cell Biology reveals that stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have weaker contractile strength than their biological counterparts, which could explain shortcomings in clinical trials. The findings suggest that novel assays are needed to better understand the basic science behind stem cell therapy.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered an ancient gene network that helps plants adapt to their environments. The tasiARF/ARF gene network, found in both mosses and flowering plants, plays a crucial role in regulating the response to environmental cues.
Researchers developed a muscle-on-a-chip model that demonstrates how cardiac stem cell therapies can fail due to inefficient force transmission between new and old heart cells. The study suggests that mechanical forces are not transmitted properly, leading to the formation of cellular adhesions that dissipate force to surrounding tissues.
Researchers at IBS created multiplex Digenome-seq to detect errors in CRISPR-Cas9 processes. The tool uses cell-free genomic DNA and sgRNA to identify on- and off-target sites, providing precise analysis results.
Researchers have successfully corrected a blindness-causing gene mutation in stem cells derived from a patient's skin cells, offering hope for personalized, precision medicine. The technology uses CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to repair the damaged gene, and the corrected tissue can be transplanted without harm.
Researchers have designed a material that can encapsulate human islet cells before transplanting them, allowing patients to control their blood sugar levels without immunosuppressant drugs. In tests on mice, encapsulated human cells cured diabetes for up to six months.
Scientists discover that Xist RNA is insufficient to silence one of the two X chromosomes in every female cell, suggesting a complex interplay between molecules. This finding could lead to new ways to fight X-linked diseases in females, including those linked to autism, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy.
Researchers at RMIT University have created a new class of sound wave that can be used to manipulate fragile stem cells without causing damage. The 'surface reflected bulk waves' are gentle enough for biomedical devices and open up new possibilities in stem cell treatment.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have identified the stem cells that develop into the blood vessels within the kidney, a critical step toward growing replacement kidneys. By understanding how these vessels form and function, scientists may be able to create functional organs for patients in need.
Researchers have achieved unprecedented response rates of up to 93% and durable remissions of over two years in children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Similarly, patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma responded well to personalized cellular therapy, with complete remissions seen in 14 patients.
Researchers developed HyPer-Tau, a sensor that attaches to microtubule structures to track hydrogen peroxide levels inside cells. This allows for precise sub-cellular information and understanding of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Mutations in the nuclear lamina have been linked to various diseases including muscular dystrophies, heart disorders, and premature aging. TSRI researchers aim to understand the nuclear lamina's composition and protein interaction network to develop therapies for these diseases.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have successfully engineered new diaphragm tissue in rats using stem cells and 3D scaffolds, which can regrow with the same complex mechanical properties as natural diaphragm muscle. The technique offers hope for a cure for congenital diaphragm malformations and possible future heart muscle repairs.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new method for vitrification that minimizes cell damage during the freezing process. This approach has shown significant improvement in healthy cell survival rates, paving the way for wider use of extreme cold preservation for tissues and organs.
Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have developed a new technique for growing liver cells from stem cells using synthetic materials, which could lead to mass production of high-quality cells for patient therapies. The process is cost-effective and eliminates the need for animal products, making treatments safer for patients.
New methods using stem cells and reprogramming technologies aim to create biological pacemakers, potentially replacing electronic devices. Researchers are working on coaxing stem cells into cardiac pacemaker cells or directly converting supporting cells into pacemaker cells.
Researchers from TUM developed a robust intestinal model for molecular research into incretin release, growing mini-intestines in a test tube that exhibit functions of the human intestine. The mini-intestines can absorb nutrients and release hormones, transmitting signals to control these processes.
A mathematical model developed by Brown University researchers sheds light on how zebrafish get their iconic stripes. The model simulates the movement of pigment cells and birth and death of cells to recreate the development of stripes as seen in experiments.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy directly affects muscle stem cells, leading to intrinsic defects in their function. Researchers discovered that dystrophin is a key member of the molecular machinery that enables muscle stem cells sense their orientation in the surrounding tissue.
Researchers identified Irx genes' role in protecting joint cartilage cells, promoting flexibility by repressing stiffening genes. The study suggests harnessing these genes to encourage stem cell differentiation into new joint cartilage.
Researchers from the University of Gothenburg and Karolinska Institutet have cast doubt on the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for treating female infertility. The study, published in Nature Medicine, suggests that stem cells cannot generate new egg cells, rendering the treatment unreliable.
Research at the John Innes Centre reveals that plant stem cells actively regulate their size to develop organs properly. The study shows that maintaining uniform cell sizes is crucial for organ formation, similar to pixel sizes in digital images.
Researchers review emerging magnetic particle-based techniques to track cells in vivo, providing a promising concept for treating diseases. The techniques can be used for cell therapy, combining diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at RIKEN have discovered a method to maintain immune cells in a stem cell-like state by inhibiting differentiation, allowing them to proliferate extensively. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for regenerative medicine and immune therapy.
Researchers have discovered a gene called Sox9 that enables kidney cells to switch on and repair damaged tissue after acute injury, offering new hope for treating this serious condition. The study found that the Sox9 gene promotes timely repair of the nephron's cellular lining and repairs the kidney after AKI.
A Johns Hopkins University biologist has made significant progress in understanding the mysterious shape-shifting ways of stem cells. The study found that an enzyme in the niche where stem cells are found can help sustain them and promote other cells to become like stem cells, which has medical implications for diseases such as cancer.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully grown a healthy intestine in a lab using stem cells and a 3-D scaffold. The lab-grown intestine regenerated gut tissue in dogs with missing gut lining, offering hope for the development of an implantable replacement intestine.
Researchers discovered that excess IGFBP3 damages colonic stem cells, leading to intestinal lining damage and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. A biopharmaceutical blocking circulating levels of the protein has shown promising results in reversing colon damage in diabetic mice.
Research at Boston Children's Hospital identifies IGFBP3 as the hormone destroying intestinal stem cells in type 1 diabetes, leading to a potential treatment strategy with TMEM219. The study also suggests a new approach to cell therapy by exploiting hormones controlling stem cell production.