Articles tagged with Human Development
A study on chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans shows they can anticipate when someone else has a false belief. The apes' ability to grasp the concept of false beliefs is seen as a key milestone in human cognitive development.
Interventions promoting nurturing care may cost as little as 50 cents per child per year, with potential benefits including improved developmental outcomes and adult health. Scaling-up support is critical to reaching millions of children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries.
In emergency situations, people tend to behave either egotistically or prosocially, with some individuals being more cooperative than others. A study published in Nature Scientific Reports found that most participants helped others less in emergency situations due to time pressure, while prosocial individuals were more willing to help.
A recent study published in PLOS Genetics identified two genes associated with human facial size and found additional candidates for genes affecting facial shape. The research used a genome-wide association study on an African population, providing new insights into the genetic basis of normal human facial variation.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals from hydraulic fracturing may harm fertility in animals and potentially people. Mice exposed to drilling chemicals had lower levels of key hormones related to reproductive health, leading to reduced fertility.
A study found that mountain lion females hunt on average less than a mile from human development, while males prey on deer in riparian woodlands. The choice of hunting grounds may reflect areas with abundant prey, such as mule deer attracted to water sources and lush vegetation.
A new study by NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development found that patients who fell indoors had more chronic health conditions and were less likely to recover at home, whereas outdoor fallers were younger and healthier. The findings can inform targeted initiatives to lower the risk of falls in older adults.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have mapped out biological signals necessary to direct human embryonic stem cells to become pure populations of bone, heart muscle, and cartilage. The ability to generate these cell types quickly is a key step toward regenerative medicine.
Researchers created a high-resolution atlas of rhesus monkey brain development, revealing how gene expression changes across time. The study highlights the importance of understanding primate brain development to identify neurodevelopmental processes involved in disorders like autism and schizophrenia.
A team of researchers at Oxford University has identified four genes that play a crucial role in early human development. These genes, known as Argfx, Leutx, Dprx and Tprx, are activated for an extremely brief period, when the embryo is a tiny ball of 8-16 cells. They then switch off, controlling the 'first gear' of embryonic growth.
James F. Gusella, a renowned geneticist, will receive the William Allan Award for his substantial and far-reaching scientific contributions to human genetics and neurogenetics research. Dr. Gusella's work has mapped genes associated with neurological conditions such as Huntington disease, ALS, and Alzheimer disease.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University identified brain cells associated with auditory memory in zebra finches, revealing a potential key to understanding human speech development. The study found that these cells respond selectively to the tutor's song and are essential for learning and remembering complex songs.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found that spending time in nature together as a family can restore attention, reduce irritation, and promote self-control, leading to better family relationships. Regular family-based nature activities can also foster a sense of identity and belonging within the family.
A new study analyzes data from 21 countries and finds a positive correlation between electricity consumption and life satisfaction in some nations, while others show the opposite relationship. The research suggests that narrowing production-consumption gaps can improve human development outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have identified a protein called Syncytin-1, which helps embryos implant in the womb, potentially improving treatments for recurrent miscarriages and pre-eclampsia. The discovery sheds light on fundamental stages of human embryo development.
Researchers discuss zebrafish as a model system for studying normal hematopoiesis and blood disorders. The review highlights the knowledge gained from studies of zebrafish, including large-scale forward genetic screens and modeling of human genes to create transgenic zebrafish.
Researchers have successfully cultured human embryos in the lab beyond day seven, allowing them to study key stages of development and improve IVF success rates. The technique reveals a self-organising capacity of human blastocysts that was previously unknown.
Scientists have developed a novel technique to study human embryo implantation, allowing for the first time to observe molecular and cellular processes up to day 14 after fertilization. This breakthrough expands understanding of human development and may shed light on early miscarriages and infertility causes.
A CHLA researcher has been awarded a four-year grant to study the development of cone photoreceptors in the retina, which can lead to devastating vision loss due to diseases like retinoblastoma. The goal is to improve modeling of these diseases and develop novel therapies using human embryonic stem cell-derived retina models.
Researchers have made significant discoveries about early human embryo development, finding that genes on the X chromosome are regulated differently in humans than in mice. This new understanding is crucial for the use of embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine.
A Penn State psychologist argues that big data can enhance our understanding of human development by aggregating empirical work from multiple investigators. This approach could also enable personalized medicine and wearable data-collection with more accurate results.
A University of Houston study suggests that traditional internship lengths of one semester are insufficient for experiential learners, who require structured support and time to navigate the challenges of a professional workplace.
Researchers found that SIX1 plays a more substantial role in human kidney development than previously thought, remaining present beyond the initial branching of the kidney. This discovery may help better understand normal development and pediatric kidney cancer, Wilms' tumor.
The FDA has cleared Indego exoskeleton for clinical and personal use, allowing people with paralysis to stand up and walk. The device offers advanced features like adjustable robotic assistance and functional electrical stimulation to aid in rehabilitation.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have successfully derived naïve pluripotent stem cells from human embryos, which can develop into all human tissue types. This breakthrough has significant implications for regenerative medicine and modeling human disorders, including Down's syndrome.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that pregnant ewes and their female lambs exposed to sewage sludge-derived fertilizers showed reduced ovary development, potentially affecting future reproductive health. The research highlights the need for steps to reduce contamination of sewage sludge-derived fertilizers.
Zebrafish exposed to atrazine during embryonic development exhibited reproductive problems, including swollen abdomens and breeding complications, in their young. The study also found physical deformations, such as decreased head length to body length ratio, and increased progesterone levels in affected parents.
A new study by the University of Michigan explores how children perceive fairness in discipline practices. Preschool-age children tend to favor giving equal rewards or punishments, while older children and adults prefer a more merit-based approach.
A study by NYU's Steinhardt School found that public pre-K attendance significantly increases the likelihood of taking the admissions test for gifted and talented programs. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds who attended public pre-K had a lower test-taking gap with their peers compared to those who did not attend.
A University of Illinois researcher identified four distinct approaches that dating couples use to develop deeper commitment. Dramatic daters experience wild swings in commitment levels due to negative events, while partner-focused couples prioritize mutual involvement and conscientiousness. Conflict-ridden couples face tension between...
Research from Concordia University reveals that bilingual children are better at certain types of mental control, with those who practice more language switching showing greater skills. This advantage is attributed to the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, including increased cognitive flexibility and selective attention abilities.
Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position using geometry, challenging the long-held assumption that this technique was introduced in Europe much later. The tablets, written between 350 and 50 BCE, depict geometric calculations for time-space and distance, revealing a sophisticated understanding of astronomy.
Researchers found that patients with two copies of a different allele showed more pain variability and more pain at the end of the day after physical activity. This study suggests tailored behavioral programs could be used sensitive to a person's genotype to increase physical activity and manage arthritis.
Researchers found that risk-taking propensity decreases with age in most countries, but remains high in countries with poverty and inequality. The study, published in Psychological Science, analyzed data from 77 countries and showed a clear connection between country standards of living and citizens' willingness to take risks.
The National Institutes of Health is funding the development of three innovative robots to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. The robots, including a smart-walker for elderly mobility and a hand-worn device for visually impaired grasping objects, aim to enhance independence and quality of life.
A new study finds that neglected tropical diseases are significantly more prevalent in poorer regions of OIC countries. The study highlights the need for targeted control and elimination programs to address these diseases and promote human development.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine discovered that genetic material from ancient viral infections is critical to human development. Blocking the production of a specific RNA molecule stops development in its tracks, they found.
A recent study published in Stem Cell Reports suggests that genetic identical twins may exhibit uneven growth as early as the first few days after conception. This phenomenon occurs when two inner cell masses within a single embryo are at different stages of development, leading to unequal growth throughout pregnancy.
A study by NIH researchers found no increase in stillbirths after implementing a policy to delay elective deliveries before 39 weeks. The analysis of national infant birth and death statistics over several years showed that efforts to prevent elective deliveries were not linked to an increase in stillbirths on a national level.
A new study led by King's College London found that splitting human embryos to produce twins for IVF may not be viable due to delays in development. The research suggests that a 'developmental clock' plays a critical role in earliest stages of human development, which can be interrupted by the splitting process.
Scientists studied the evolution of jerboas' remarkable limbs to understand processes controlling limb development and bone growth. They found that evolution controls individual bone size, suggesting complex genetic regulation.
Researchers found a clear age effect in human children's ability to use tools, with 2-year-olds struggling but improving by 4 years old. In contrast, nonhuman primates rely on their sense of touch, known as haptic senses, to complete spatial reasoning tasks.
Researchers at Kyoto University have created a lab-based human germ cell development model, revealing specific key elements and events that occur at the beginning of human life. This breakthrough provides insight into how epigenetic marks are erased during early germ cell development, shedding light on conditions such as infertility.
Scientists from Karolinska Institutet have identified 32 genes that are switched on within two days of fertilization, marking a significant breakthrough in understanding early embryonic development. The study's findings also reveal the importance of 'junk DNA' in regulating gene expression.
A New York University public health study found that 15% of cigarette packs sold in NYC have either counterfeit or out-of-state tax stamps. The majority were purchased from independent retailers, with a significantly higher percentage of illegitimate packs found in these stores.
Researchers successfully joined two separate pieces of embryonic mouse intestine using growth supports, allowing nerve signals to pass through and promoting growth. The breakthrough could lead to treatment for conditions like short bowel syndrome, a condition causing damage to the bowel that prevents nutrient absorption.
Researchers at NYU tracked 7.7 million 311 service requests to identify areas with neighborhood conflict, finding that fuzzier boundaries between homogeneous communities increase tensions, but clear boundaries reduce conflict
A new study found that higher-quality romantic relationships are associated with fewer psychosocial difficulties across adolescence and young adulthood. The quality of the relationship, not just having one, is key to better psychosocial adjustment.
A new study by the National Institutes of Health found no significant differences in birth complications between fetal ECG monitoring and traditional heart rate monitoring during labor. Infants in ECG-monitored groups were slightly more likely to have low Apgar scores, but overall outcomes remained unchanged.
A nearly 20-year study found that kindergarteners' social-emotional skills are a significant predictor of their future success. Students demonstrating better prosocial behavior were more likely to graduate from college, be gainfully employed, and avoid arrest.
A study of 50 years of marine biodiversity data found that human activities like pollution and sedimentation led to diminishing biodiversity in developed areas. However, protected or restored sites showed increases in species diversity, particularly among lower-level food-web organisms.
Scientists discovered that infant brain development occurs years faster than previously thought, with face perception abilities emerging as early as four months. The study used electroencephalography to track brain activity in response to facial images, revealing a unique right-hemisphere processing of faces.
Older adults perform just as well as younger adults in simple decision-making, according to a study published in Cognition. However, in more complex decisions, older adults may struggle due to age-related cognitive decline. The study suggests that simple learning strategies can be useful for aging decision makers despite limitations.
A workplace intervention designed to reduce work-family conflict and increase schedule flexibility has a positive influence on the sleep patterns of employees' children. Children whose parents participated in the STAR intervention showed improved sleep quality compared to those in a control group, according to researchers at Penn State.
New research reveals that minor changes in environment can trigger dramatic shifts in evolutionary strategy as a generalist species disperses into a heterogeneous landscape. This can lead to a positive feedback loop where reduced dispersal triggers further specialization.
A new tool developed by Baylor College of Medicine researchers shows a strong association between worm index and human development index, indicating neglected tropical diseases should be considered in international development goals. The study found that higher worm indices are linked to lower human development indices.
Scientists found that people's preconceptions affect the information transmitted, influencing those receiving it. This can lead to an increasingly alarmist perception of potential risks as original messages are reinforced.
A NYU study found that high-impact college experiences like internships and studying abroad have a relatively small influence on career outcomes immediately after graduation. Instead, attending a selective institution and pursuing a job-related major significantly improve earnings and attitudinal outcomes.
Human language likely developed quickly into a sophisticated system, featuring syntax and structures, according to MIT linguist Shigeru Miyagawa. Words bear traces of syntax, challenging the idea that they originated from simple primal utterances.
Researchers have found that rats can link cause and effect, form causal beliefs, and make rational inferences about their actions. These findings have implications for understanding human reasoning, particularly in older adults, and could inform clinical treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.