Articles tagged with Genetic Diversity
Research on ancient brown bear genomes sheds light on how they survived the last Ice Age. Brown bears experienced extensive range reductions and regional extinctions, leading to significant genetic diversity loss.
A study published in Current Biology reveals that complex green organisms, including land plants and algae, evolved multicellularity almost a billion years ago. Researchers used gene sequencing data to pinpoint the emergence of this trait in filamentous algal lineages.
A recent study has identified two novel gene variants linked to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African descent. The analysis of 11,275 individuals revealed that these variants are more common in people of African ancestry and contribute to the disease's pathophysiology.
A new study reveals key insights into the molecular basis of skin color variations among African populations, providing a better understanding of human evolution and local adaptation. The research identifies crucial regulatory variants near MITF, LEF1, and TRPS1 that contribute to skin color adaptation in the San population.
A recent study from Queen Mary University of London has found that sociocultural factors significantly influence the genetic diversity of modern societies. The research analyzed genetic data from hundreds of individuals across the Americas, revealing striking differences in mating patterns between Latin America and North America.
A new study led by the Smithsonian identifies five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia, using DNA analysis and physical characteristics. The two new species, Hylomys vorax and H. macarong, are endemic to the endangered Leuser ecosystem in North Sumatra and Southern Vietnam.
A study by the University of Exeter and the Bat Conservation Trust found that Britain's tree felling for colonial shipbuilding led to a significant decline in Western barbastelle bat populations. The study used DNA analysis to discover a historical decline, which coincided with widespread tree-felling from about 500 years ago.
Researchers at Salk Institute assembled the most complete atlas of the mouse brain by analyzing over 2 million brain cells. The detailed atlas reveals thousands of cell types, their connections, genes, and regulatory programs active in each cell, providing new insights into human disease vulnerabilities.
A large-scale genome study of over 50,000 patients and 900,000 controls has identified 25 genetic markers associated with peptic ulcers, which may lead to new population-specific treatments. The study also found a link between Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease.
Researchers sequenced over 100 'magic mushroom' genomes to learn about their domestication and cultivation. They found that commercial cultivars lack genetic diversity, while naturalized populations in Australia maintain more diversity, including unique gene variants controlling psilocybin production.
Researchers discuss a new approach integrating genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and machine learning methods to identify functional genetic variants and characterize their mode of action in regulating target genes. This method aims to improve understanding of disease etiology and prioritize causative inherited genetic variants.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh and KU Leuven identified 30 genetic regions associated with head shape, shedding light on the biological basis of craniosynostosis. The study also found that many genes play key roles in early head formation and bone development.
A study on the endangered coco de mer palm tree found that inbreeding depression may not be a major threat to its survival, contrary to previous assumptions. The researchers discovered that female trees prefer closely related kin to sire their offspring, suggesting outbreeding depression as a possible issue.
Research on Betula ermanii saplings reveals two distinct mechanisms contributing to poor growth: adaptation to extreme environments and genetic drift leading to inbreeding. Populations at the edge of their distribution range are susceptible to these effects, highlighting the need for conservation measures
A new study analyzing lice genetic diversity found that head lice arrived in the Americas twice – once with early human migrants and again during European colonization. This discovery supports existing theories on human migration and provides insights into how lice have evolved alongside humans.
Researchers found that previous studies failed to account for mixed genetic lineages, leading to inaccurate results. By considering admixture in the population, they found no link between a genomic variant and traits like height or cholesterol levels.
Scientists have unlocked the genetic basis underlying the remarkable variation in body size observed in song sparrows, one of North America's most familiar and beloved songbirds. The study found eight genetic variants associated with body mass, largely responsible for the nearly threefold difference in body size across the species' range.
Researchers discovered plants spread out inherited mutations through random differences between offspring, aiding in crop yield and disease resistance. This process, known as segregation, relies on the plant's ability to generate randomness.
Plant populations in Cologne show great variation in life cycle characteristics, such as flowering and germination regulation, allowing them to adapt to local conditions. Environmental filtering plays a key role in selecting suitable genetic variants for survival.
Researchers mapped mosquito's tree of life, revealing how the insects chose their hosts and evolved disease transmission. The findings suggest mosquitoes started out feeding on amphibians and later moved to other groups as they flourished.
A new study reveals a multi-drug resistant strain of E.coli, MDR ST131, can outcompete and displace other strains in the human gut. The research provides evidence that certain types of E.coli are more prone to developing antibiotic resistance, posing significant health risks.
A new genomic study reveals that whaling in the 20th century destroyed 99% of the Eastern North Pacific fin whale breeding population, but genetic diversity remains high enough to support conservation efforts. The study's findings highlight the importance of enforcing the international whaling ban to aid fin whale recovery.
Researchers found that neutral genetic diversity correlates with functional genetic diversity in Eastern massasauga rattlesnakes, suggesting a more efficient approach for species conservation. This discovery has implications for endangered species conservation, as it may not be necessary to sequence entire genomes for all cases.
Researchers from the University of Virginia Health System have made significant discoveries about the genetic influences on fatty acid metabolism in diverse populations. The study found broad similarities among groups but also notable differences, highlighting the need for genetic studies in diverse groups.
A study by Hokkaido University researchers has discovered a wide diversity of symbiotic, photosynthetic microalgae associated with small, worm-like animals called acoels. Acoels form relationships with single-celled microalgae, storing them below their outer surface and creating energy using sunlight.
A genetic study reveals that Pennsylvania's ruffed grouse population has more genetic diversity and connectivity than expected, despite decades of decline. The findings suggest that implementing appropriate protections could prevent further declines in the species.
A study from Oregon State University found that commercial whaling in the 20th century led to a loss of maternal DNA lineages among blue and humpback whales, potentially resulting in cultural memory loss. Whale populations near South Georgia Island have begun to recover, but the genetic diversity remains low.
Research reveals that female fruit flies pre-select for males with superior genes before influencing sperm storage to ensure compatible fertilization. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms and consequences of mate choice, shedding light on genetic variation and species evolution.
Researchers found that genetic recycling enabled the emergence and adaptation of 500 cichlid species in Lake Victoria over just 16,000 years. The study identified unique ancient genes and hybridisation as key drivers of this unprecedented biodiversity explosion.
A genome study of over 600 carrot types finds that recessive genes controlling orange carotenoids are essential for the vegetable's orange color. The study also sheds light on carrot domestication in Western Asia and Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, respectively.
Researchers from a Portuguese-Angolan TwinLab conducted fieldwork in the Angolan Namib desert, discovering groups thought to be extinct or uncontactable. The study reveals unique Pre-Bantu ancestry in modern populations from the Namib desert, divergent from other southern African ancestries.
The NY Genome Center will use patient-derived stem cells models combined with functional genomics and genome engineering to shed light on the biological processes underlying bipolar disorder. The study aims to address gaps in knowledge of genetic risk for bipolar disorder and advance treatment strategies.
Researchers detected genetic diversity and population structure of invasive round goby fish using environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. This technique helps trace the source of new invasive populations and prevent further invasion, enabling natural resource managers to take targeted action.
Researchers at McGill University have developed a potato super pangenome, capturing the genetic diversity of nearly 300 varieties and their wild relatives. This extensive collection aims to identify key genetic traits for breeding more resilient, nutritious and disease-free potatoes.
A new genotyping method called Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) was used to investigate the genetic diversity of lettuce and identify genomic regions underlying important agronomic traits. The study revealed over 80,000 high-quality SNPs, allowing researchers to group accessions by type and geographic origin.
A research team from the University of Göttingen investigated the molecular networks of a single-celled alga to understand plant terrestrialization. They identified 'hub genes' that play a central role in coordinating gene expression, revealing insights into long-term evolutionary patterns.
A team of researchers from Göttingen University has identified seven new species of leaf insects, showcasing their unique camouflage abilities. The discovery highlights the importance of protecting these distinct species from extinction.
Researchers found that genetically modified tobacco mutants, impaired in their defenses, outperformed wild-type plants in years with low herbivore pressure. The mutants' prioritization of growth and reproduction over defense allowed them to thrive in environments with limited insect damage.
A study led by University College London researchers analyzed 393 wasp samples collected from citizen scientists and found a single population of the Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris) across Britain. The findings demonstrate the wasp's ability to disperse itself widely, contributing to its success in human-modified environments.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Prymnesium parvum, a microscopic algae species causing toxic blooms in US waters. The study found significant genetic variation among strains, suggesting multiple populations and potential hybridization cases. This discovery could improve prediction models for algal blooms and ecosystem disruption.
A panel of genetically diverse mice has been created to accurately model the variable human response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mice exhibit different levels of disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal, and can help scientists discover biomarkers of disease severity and evaluate countermeasures.
Scientists analyzed DNA from fecal samples to study the reproductive behavior of northern muriquis, an endangered primate species. They found that females tend to mate with males having diverse MHC genes, which may provide offspring protection against pathogens.
A KAUST-led team has compiled the first complete genome map of einkorn, an ancient grain that could help develop bread wheat varieties with enhanced disease resistance and improved hardiness. The study reveals a complex evolutionary history of wheat species, including gene flow between einkorn and wild cousins.
The PLOS Biology special issue explores plant engineering to combat climate change, from ancient breeding techniques to genome engineering. The collection highlights strategies for enhancing climate-resilience in crops, including microbiome manipulation and synthetic biology.
An international team reconstructed eelgrass colonisation history, tracing Pacific to Atlantic migrations around 243,000 years ago. Genetic diversity in Atlantic populations is lower due to past ice ages, raising concerns about adapting to a changing climate.
A new UCLA Health study analyzed genetic data from 36,000 patients to identify disease risks and healthcare utilization among ancestrally diverse groups in the Los Angeles region. The research found substantial differences in diagnoses, hospital utilization, and genetic disease rates across clusters linked by shared genetic ancestry.
A team of researchers used genetic and isotopic analyses to study jaguar scat in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Preserve, revealing habitat needs and conservation insights. The study demonstrates a novel approach to surveying wildlife without direct interaction.
Researchers identified 756 patients with rare forms of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), revealing diverse disease manifestations and symptoms. The study highlights the importance of sequencing the genome to improve diagnosis and treatment for these previously underdiagnosed cases.
A new genomic analysis reveals a north-south divide in P. falciparum drug resistance markers and genetic structure in Mozambique. The findings suggest that artemisinin remains effective for treating malaria, while piperaquine can be used in combination therapies. However, the high frequency of quintuple mutants requires close monitorin...
A new study highlights the immense potential of living cell banks in contributing to global conservation priorities. By analyzing genetic samples from the Frozen Zoo, researchers identified opportunities to increase representation of threatened species and provide access to critical genetic diversity.
A new study highlights the potential of living cell banks to contribute to global conservation priorities. Cryo-banked samples provide crucial genetic diversity and reintroduction opportunities to increase adaptability and resilience in threatened species.
A new UK project, GEMALOR, monitors hatchery-reared lobsters to ensure wild populations remain genetically diverse. Researchers will assess genetic diversity in both captive and wild environments to improve broodstock management.
Researchers have identified a number of candidate genes that may drive the development of conditions like Type 2 Diabetes. The study found that proteins such as PCSK1, SUR1 and GLUT2 play a role in calcium ion dynamics and insulin secretion.
Researchers found that giraffes on either side of the rift have not interbred for over 1,000 years, with females showing no signs of migration. The study suggests that Masai giraffes are more endangered than previously thought, requiring separate but coordinated conservation efforts.
Scientists have identified a genetic locus associated with voice pitch, found in the ABCC9 gene, which influences voice characteristics in both men and women. The study also reveals links between voice pitch and cardiovascular health, highlighting the complex relationship between vocal traits and human biology.
A new study reveals a previously unknown way the immune system detects certain viruses, including SARS-Cov-2, using the inflammasome protein CARD8. Researchers found that CARD8 functions differently among various species and even varies between individuals in the human population.
The study reveals new insights into primate evolution, genetic diversity, and the uniqueness of humans. It also highlights the importance of preserving primate species due to high genetic diversity, which enables adaptation to changing environments.
A study published in Science reveals that six different African baboon species have more genetic similarity than expected, highlighting the fluid nature of their genomes. Researchers analyzed mobile elements in over 200,000 genetic samples from 225 individuals across 19 geographical sites.
Researchers, led by Elizabeth King, aim to develop a knowledge base on complex genetic traits using fruit fly models. The project seeks to address the scientific knowledge gap in this field by focusing on interconnectedness among multiple factors.
A new study reveals that the foxes' genetic diversity has decreased over time, potentially jeopardizing their survival and biodiversity on the islands. The findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring to ensure the foxes' continued survival.