Articles tagged with Macrophages
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Scientists at DESY used an advanced X-ray combination technique to trace nanocarriers for tuberculosis drugs within cells with high precision. The method also revealed the calcium content in human bone, benefiting osteoporosis research.
Researchers at University of Oxford have identified a new target for repairing the heart after a heart attack by modulating the immune response. Macrophages play a key role in forming cardiac scars, and modifying their behavior could lead to more efficient repair and potentially avoid heart failure.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a novel anti-cancer strategy targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by regulating FROUNT protein. Disulfiram, an alcoholism treatment, was found to inhibit cancer cell growth and suppress TAM movement in animal experiments.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found putrescine, a compound responsible for the foul smell of decomposing flesh, may help treat atherosclerosis. The study suggests putrescine's role in removing dead cells through efferocytosis could improve plaques and prevent chronic inflammation.
Researchers found that microglia, immune cells in the brain and central nervous system, encase macrophages, preventing them from dispersing into areas they shouldn't be. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have invented a Trojan Horse nanoparticle that selectively targets and eats away at plaque-causing cells, reducing plaque size and stabilizing it. This approach shows promise as a potential treatment for atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the US.
Toxoplasma gondii injects proteins into host macrophages, altering their behavior and suppressing the immune response. This manipulation leads to the creation of M2 macrophages, which reduce inflammation and allow the parasite to evade elimination by T cells.
Researchers have discovered a rare African-specific variant of the TP53 gene that causes iron accumulation in macrophages, leading to poorer responses to bacterial infections. However, this variant also improves response to malaria toxin, potentially offering protection against severe inflammation and disease severity.
A new study reveals that high-protein diets can lead to increased plaque buildup in arteries, particularly unstable plaque prone to rupture. This can increase the risk of heart attacks. Researchers found that excess amino acids from a high-protein diet activate macrophages, leading to cell death and worsening plaque complexity.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease. The researchers found that ECM1 is highly expressed in macrophages and regulates their polarization through the GM-CSF/STAT5 signaling pathway.
Researchers study how gut infections damage the nervous system, leading to chronic inflammation and conditions like IBS. They find that specific genes contribute to cell death and propose potential treatments by boosting polyamine production or restoring gut microbial communities.
Researchers have found that deleting the BMAL1 clock gene makes immune cells more effective at fighting off pneumonia-causing bacteria. The study reveals that strengthening the actin skeleton of these cells is key to their increased effectiveness.
Scientists at Ohio State University have created a treatment for late-stage sepsis using nanotechnology to transform donated immune cells into a powerful antibacterial drug. The therapy demonstrated significant improvements in survival rates and bacteria clearance in mouse models of sepsis.
Macrophages change their metabolism drastically after coming into contact with bacteria, triggering an inflammatory response. This process involves the activation of Toll-like receptors, which leads to histone acetylation and changes in gene expression.
Researchers discovered that Crohn's disease-associated bacteria can switch between replicating and non-growing states within macrophages to tolerate antibiotics. This stress response allows a reservoir of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive in the host and cause long-term inflammation and irritation.
A study suggests that monocyte-derived macrophages can induce lung fibrosis without prior alveolar epithelial cell injury. The research found increased flux through the mevalonate pathway in bronchoalveolar cells from IPF patients, which exacerbates fibrosis.
A new method has been developed to identify aggressive breast cancer by analyzing tumor tissue signatures, showing a correlation with poor outcome in patients. The study used mouse models and bioinformatics expert to isolate macrophages from mice affected by breast cancer and compared them with those from healthy breast tissue.
A new study by University of Chicago researchers reveals how lactate regulates immune cell function and contributes to cancer growth. The discovery offers a potential breakthrough in developing targeted therapies for various types of cancer.
The study reveals that the GAS7 protein's BAR domain is essential for phagocytic cup formation, enabling macrophages to efficiently consume debris. The protein's oligomerization and membrane binding are critical for this process.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Institute are studying lung macrophages and their role in TB infection, with the goal of developing a new set of biological pathways critical to the body's response. The findings could lead to a new strategy for host-directed therapy and potentially cure TB.
Researchers at University of Utah Health identified large immune cells containing oily droplets in the lungs of vaping patients, enabling faster diagnoses and shedding light on the mysterious condition. The discovery may lead to better treatment options and a deeper understanding of the illness's causes.
Researchers discovered two distinct sub-populations of interstitial macrophages in the lung, which play a crucial role in preventing asthma development. These sub-populations exhibit different functions, origins, and morphologies, and have distinct local precursors.
Researchers have discovered a new form of immunotherapy that targets and removes specific immune cells called macrophages, which support cancer growth. The technique has shown promising results in treating malignant melanoma, with tumors shrinking after the removal of these cells.
Researchers found large diversity in neutrophil and macrophage frequencies, with some tumors attracting one type while others attract the other. The study highlights heterogeneity of tumor cells and immune microenvironment as important considerations for therapy.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a new therapeutic approach to convert tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into cancer killers. The antibody, LM609, induces ADCC and kills drug-resistant tumors, prolonging response to standard treatments.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a new mouse model that mimics the effects of red blood cell transfusions on human infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The study found that severe anemia increases the risk of NEC after transfusion, and that free hemoglobin can trigger an immune response in the intestine.
Researchers found that whole body vibration increases levels of Alistipes, a bacterium producing short chain fatty acids that decrease inflammation. This shift also improves the balance between macrophages promoting and suppressing inflammation.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered a new 'don't eat me' signal used by cancer cells to evade immune detection. Blocking this signal allows immune cells to attack and destroy cancer cells in mice implanted with human cancers, providing a potential basis for new anti-cancer therapies.
Researchers have identified a molecule called Gas6 that induces macrophages to clean up cellular debris and reduce inflammation. Boosting Gas6 levels in macrophages has been shown to resolve inflammation in mouse models of acute lung injury, holding promise for treating diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered that certain forms of heart disease may result when circulating anti-inflammatory white blood cells fail to properly differentiate into macrophages. Blocking a key protein, IL-17A, permits healthy cardiac function and allows macrophages to protect the heart muscle.
A new study identifies an enzyme critical for normal wound healing in diabetes, suggesting a potential treatment with allopurinol. In diabetic mice, blocking uric acid production improved healing rates.
Research found that extracellular vesicles derived from kids' fat can disrupt cholesterol disposal in various tissues, regardless of weight. The study suggests that fat tissue plays a pivotal role in triggering cardiovascular disease, even before symptoms appear.
Researchers uncover the role of macrophages in causing pelvic pain in endometriosis, potentially leading to new non-hormonal treatments. The discovery was published in The FASEB Journal and found increased production of IGF-1 by macrophages, which encourages nerve growth and activation.
Scientists deciphered how YopO changes its shape to confuse the immune system, disrupting communication and allowing bacteria to evade digestion. Understanding this process may lead to developing targeted, tailor-made substances to inhibit plague pathogens.
In the absence of gasdermin D, caspase-1 induces apoptosis, but not pyroptosis, in macrophages. Caspase family members caspase-3 and caspase-9 are involved in this process. The study suggests that caspase-1 activates Bid, a pro-apoptotic protein, which induces cytochrome c release from mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis.
Researchers used advanced imaging techniques to visualize macrophages in living mice with brain tumors, finding clear morphological and behavioral differences between blood-derived and brain-resident macrophages. Blocking macrophage infiltration improved survival in treated mice.
Scientists at the University of Illinois found that three phenolic compounds in cocoa bean shells can repair damaged mitochondria, block inflammation, and restore insulin sensitivity in white fat cells. The study suggests that consuming these compounds could prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue.
Researchers found that extracellular pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa can enter host cells and induce cell lysis through the type III secretion system. The study reveals a new mechanism of bacterial killing in macrophages.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding how macrophage cells respond to certain bacteria, potentially leading to new treatments for Crohn's Disease. The study found that different types of macrophages exhibit distinct molecular mechanisms when switching off their pro-inflammatory behavior.
Research at MD Anderson Cancer Center discovers a symbiotic circuit between PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells and macrophages, which creates a mutually supportive relationship. Inhibiting LOX, a novel attractor of macrophages, shrinks tumors and blocks macrophage infiltration.
Under hypoxic conditions, fewer metabolites are produced in the citric acid cycle, reducing bacterial reproduction in macrophages. This discovery provides a new method for pathogen control that doesn't rely on oxygen levels.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have gained a new understanding of the complex interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts as they work together to clean up and repair damaged tissue. The study shows that manipulating the environment around these cells could lead to improved treatments for wounds and tumors.
Researchers identified a new molecular mechanism causing rheumatoid arthritis, finding that death of macrophages triggers the disease. The protein A20 was found to prevent macrophage death and protect against arthritis.
A new study uncovers the presence of 'hidden' microglia in the brain, which show a resemblance to microglia associated with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers hope to find strategies for controlling these immune cells to develop future treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have discovered a potential new treatment for renal fibrosis by selectively activating AT1 receptors on T cells, which may help limit scar formation in the kidney. The study found that activating these receptors mitigates renal fibrogenesis by inhibiting Th1 differentiation and renal accumulation of pro-fibrotic macrophages.
A new study reveals how Salmonella bacteria flip an electric switch within immune cells, causing them to migrate out of the gut and into the bloodstream. This mechanism contributes to the severity of food-borne illnesses, with over 400,000 deaths worldwide each year.
Researchers discovered that HIV-1 forms nanotubes between macrophages in tuberculosis patients, increasing viral transfer and production. This finding provides potential targets for reducing viral load and improving treatment outcomes.
A new study from Cornell University has identified a genetic regulator called SAF that helps HIV-infected macrophages avoid cell death. By blocking SAF, researchers found that infected cells self-destructed while healthy cells remained untouched, presenting a novel angle for potential therapies to selectively eradicate reservoir cells.
A new NIH study found that meningitis can alter the composition of immune cells in the brain's lining, replacing them with cells from outside the meninges and affecting their ability to respond to future infections. The research suggests that infections in the brain can have long-lasting effects on the immune system.
Researchers from Helmholtz Munich used optoacoustic imaging with purple bacteria to detect macrophages in tumors, providing insights into their activity and role in cancer development. This breakthrough enables novel non-invasive technologies for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers discovered lipid-filled particles (AdExos) released by adipocytes in mice that activate immune function and regulate metabolism. AdExos control the development of immune cells, inducing bone marrow cells to develop into macrophages that digest lipids.
Researchers identified a new type of immune cell called macrophages that play a critical role in heart valve formation and maintenance. These heart-derived macrophages are particularly adept at consuming excess tissue, making them indispensable to the formation and maintenance of healthy valves.
Researchers at the University of Turku developed an immunotherapeutic antibody therapy that re-educates tumour-associated macrophages to activate cytotoxic T cells. The therapy showed promising results in a phase I/II clinical trial, inhibiting cancer progression and increasing activation of killer T cells.
Researchers at Kobe University found that vitamin D signaling fuels the growth of macrophages in bone marrow, leading to myelofibrosis and bone hardening. A low-vitamin D diet can prevent or treat the condition.
Macrophages play a vital role in controlling the processes of nerve repair following damage by secreting repulsive cues. The interaction between Slit3 and Robo1 allows for the migration of Schwann cells and regrowing nerve projections, enabling successful regeneration and recovery of nerve function.
Scientists at MCG are studying a new treatment target for retinal damage, characterized by blood vessel disruption leading to vision loss. They believe the key lies in arginase 1, an enzyme that helps regulate inflammation, which can be either damaging or reparative.
Researchers discovered that kidney-resident macrophages in mice undergo a developmental reprogramming after acute kidney injury, similar to those found in newborn mice. This reprogramming may aid in promoting healing and tissue regeneration, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches for patients.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a method to fuel macrophages with energy needed to attack and eat cancer cells. By rewiring macrophage metabolism, macrophages can overcome signals that prevent them from attacking tumors, leading to tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival in mice.
Scientists have identified a new role for specialized immune cells called macrophages in regulating blood pressure. By monitoring and regulating the hormone endothelin, these cells help relax blood vessels, significantly lowering blood pressure. The findings could lead to improved treatments for hypertension.
Researchers found that interleukin-6 is involved in the development of severe asthma, a subtype associated with neutrophil accumulation. Blocking this molecule may lead to new treatments for asthma.