Articles tagged with Type 2 Diabetes
A team of Canadian and American researchers has identified the role of SHP-1 in regulating blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. The study used genetically modified mice to demonstrate that SHP-1 inhibition can improve glucose metabolism at the liver and muscle levels, potentially leading to new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Pre-diabetes and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes affect millions, increasing heart disease risk. Research shows nearly 22% of people aged 65+ have diabetes, with significant disparities among ethnic groups.
A national survey found that approximately 134,071 US adolescents have type 2 diabetes, with 39,005 having the condition and 2,769,736 having impaired fasting glucose levels. The study suggests a significant public health concern among this age group due to the high conversion rate from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes.
The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research has developed medical jargon reduction methods, enabling hospital departments to evaluate the quality of terminology systems. By using standardized terms, data can be more easily accessed and used for improving patient care and epidemiological research.
A new study finds that PCOS is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in mothers. The long-term health consequences of PCOS are significant, and mothers should be screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Individuals with type 2 diabetes have a heightened risk of developing uric-acid stones, likely due to their highly acidic urine. The study suggests that factors associated with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance account for the increased acidity.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center discovered a link between Necdin and E2F4 proteins, altered after patients took the drug rosiglitazone. The study suggests that thiazolidinediones work by altering cell differentiation states, offering new potential targets for diabetes treatment.
Researchers found that timely diagnosis of diabetes improves blood pressure control, glucose management, and overall health outcomes. Studies also suggest that reengineering primary care practice through practice redesign may be necessary to substantially improve chronic illness care.
Women who implemented intensive lifestyle changes and lost 5-7% of their weight had fewer episodes of weekly incontinence compared to those in the metformin or placebo groups. Weight loss was particularly effective in reducing stress incontinence, which is linked to obesity and diabetes.
The NIH supports expansive basic and clinical research portfolios on obesity and type 2 diabetes, including genetic studies, nuclear receptors, and lifestyle interventions. Epidemiological studies provide insights into risk factors and inform future clinical endeavors.
A three-week diet and exercise study shows that Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome can be reversed through lifestyle changes, with half of participants experiencing a clinical diagnosis reversal. The regimen improved factors contributing to heart disease, such as insulin resistance and high cholesterol.
A high-fat diet suppresses the activity of GnT-4a glycosyltransferase, leading to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that people with an inherited predisposition to type 2 diabetes may have variations in the gene for GnT-4a.
A single gene encoding the enzyme GnT-4a is key to enabling pancreatic beta cells to sense blood glucose levels and produce insulin. In mice fed a high-fat diet, this enzyme's suppression led to type 2 diabetes.
A study found that exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants like CB-153 and DDE is significantly associated with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes among fishermen and their wives. The results show that those with higher blood levels of these pollutants have a higher risk of developing the disease.
A study of 83,585 and 73,418 women found that longer breastfeeding durations were associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with risks decreasing by 15% and 14% per additional year of lactation. The findings suggest that maternal lactation may play a role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women.
The PROactive study shows ACTOS significantly reduced the recurrence of heart attacks and acute coronary syndrome in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. The medication demonstrated a 28 percent reduction in fatal or non-fatal heart attacks, as well as a 37 percent risk reduction in acute coronary syndrome.
A study of 14,200 patients with type 2 diabetes found that fenofibrate reduced total CVD events by 11% due to a decrease in non-fatal heart attacks and bypass surgery. The drug was well-tolerated but associated with increased risks of pancreatitis and pulmonary embolism.
Research reveals that offspring of type 2 diabetic parents have reduced mitochondrial content and impaired muscle glucose uptake, increasing their risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Reduced mitochondrial function can lead to lipid accumulation in muscle cells, further exacerbating the condition.
Researchers found African-American men had significantly lower calcified plaque in coronary and carotid arteries. The study, which included 1,000 white participants and 180 black participants, used high-speed CT scans to measure plaque levels.
Scientists have identified genetic variants in PPARG and CAPN10 genes that increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, particularly in individuals with other risk factors. A large-scale study found that these variants can predict diabetes in high-risk individuals from families with T2D.
Patients with diabetes and depression are more likely to have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, as well as increased mortality rates. The study found that a sedentary lifestyle was an important independent predictor of mortality from diabetes.
A study published in The Lancet found that pioglitazone reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The treatment group experienced fewer adverse events and a lower risk of death from heart failure compared to the placebo group.
The BIDMC research team is studying the hormones and brain pathways regulating body weight and glucose metabolism, with a goal of advancing diabetes treatment and prevention. Jointly funded by the Smith Family Foundation and the American Diabetes Association, this award supports scientists conducting research on type 2 diabetes.
Results from two Phase II studies support the efficacy profile of sitagliptin, a novel DPP-IV inhibitor, improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Treatment with sitagliptin resulted in no significant weight gain and a low risk of hypoglycaemia.
The PROactive study shows that ACTOS significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes by reducing heart attacks, strokes, and death in high-risk patients. The study found a 16% reduction in life-threatening events and significant improvements in lipid profiles, blood pressure, and insulin resistance.
Research by Yale University found that insulin-resistant individuals' mitochondria produce less ATP, a key energy molecule. This defect may explain the link between inherited type 2 diabetes risk and reduced insulin signaling.
Researchers found that SH2-B regulates leptin sensitivity, energy balance, and body weight in mice, leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study identifies SH2-B as a critical component in maintaining leptin sensitivity, potentially serving as a therapeutic target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes
Researchers found insulin resistance can be detected 20 years before diabetes symptoms appear in lean, healthy young adults. Mitochondria's energy-producing function is significantly impaired, leading to a decreased ability to burn sugars and fats efficiently.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a new gene, ARNT, that plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The study, which used DNA chips to analyze islet cells from patients with the disease, found a marked down-regulation of ARNT, suggesting a possible new target for treatment.
Research reveals retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) plays a key role in developing insulin resistance, a primary risk factor for diabetes. Elevated RBP4 levels correlate with the severity of insulin resistance in humans with obesity or type 2 diabetes.
A new clinical trial has shown that the oral treatment RBX may reduce the risk of moderate vision loss caused by macular edema in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The study, led by Joslin Diabetes Center, evaluated the safety and effect of RBX on retinopathy progression and visual loss.
A new study found that adult lifestyle, particularly body fat and waist-hip ratio, is a significant risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Childhood factors such as birth weight and nutrition have limited impact on the development of insulin resistance in adulthood.
Takeda has submitted a new drug application for its combination type 2 diabetes medication, ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) and glimepiride. This treatment aims to help patients manage their blood glucose levels by targeting insulin resistance and increasing insulin production.
Research suggests that saturated and trans fats activate a specific potassium channel in the pancreas, increasing blood sugar levels and insulin secretion. People with a specific genetic polymorphism, found in about 2 million Canadians, may be more susceptible to type 2 diabetes if they consume high-fat diets or are overweight.
Researchers identified genetic regions on chromosomes 6, 7, and 19 associated with prediabetes in response to aerobic exercise. The study found that individuals differ in their blood sugar equilibrium after exercise, allowing for unique analysis of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
A new study found that diabetic patients are at higher risk for developing respiratory tract, skin and mucous membrane, and urinary tract infections. The odds were significantly higher for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls.
A study found that 46% of children with type 2 diabetes have a history of neuropsychiatric disease, highlighting the need for screening and scrutiny of medications. The researchers suggest that depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
A new approach to managing type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated in a Canadian study, showing that early addition of insulin glargine therapy can safely achieve better glycemic and metabolic outcomes. The results show lower and steady blood glucose levels more quickly and often compared to oral medications.
Researchers discovered that diabetic retinopathy occurs in people with pre-diabetes, suggesting eye changes may begin earlier than previously thought. Regular eye exams and good blood sugar control are recommended to prevent vision loss.
A new study demonstrated add-on effects of ACTOS on diabetic dyslipidemia, reducing triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol. Patients with type 2 diabetes who switched from Avandia to ACTOS showed significant improvements in lipid levels, regardless of age or gender.
Researchers found that taking pioglitazone for three years significantly reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women who had previously had gestational diabetes. This is promising news for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, as it may help stabilize beta-cell function.
A study found that ACTOS reduced inflammation markers CRP and IL-6, improving glycemic control in patients with stable blood sugar levels. Treatment with ACTOS resulted in significant decreases in these markers compared to placebo.
A study found that resistance training significantly improved blood sugar levels in older Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. The participants who underwent 16 weeks of resistance training showed a substantial reduction in body fat and increase in muscle mass, similar to the effects seen when weight loss is achieved through other means.
The study reveals that type 2 diabetes now accounts for up to 45% of new cases among adolescents globally. Rising obesity rates are particularly alarming in certain ethnic groups, including Native Americans and Pima Indians, who have the world's highest recorded rate of Type 2 diabetes.
A recent study found that men consuming higher levels of low-fat dairy products have a significantly lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The researchers analyzed data from over 41,000 participants and found that each serving per day of low-fat dairy intake resulted in a 9% reduction in the risk of developing the disorder.
A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that consuming low-fat dairy products was associated with a nine percent lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in male participants. The researchers analyzed data from over 41,000 men and followed them for 12 years to document new cases of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that FGF-21 regulates glucose uptake in human fat cells, significantly reducing plasma glucose levels and triglycerides. FGF-21 also protected animals from diet-induced obesity, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in treating type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that a fiber supplement significantly decreased LDL and increased HDL cholesterol levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests an alternative treatment option for those unable or unwilling to take statins.
A new study found that the ENPP1 gene variant is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The variant, which affects insulin action, was more common in people with type 2 diabetes and those at high risk for the disease, regardless of ethnicity.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that larger waist sizes and higher body fat are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adult men. The researchers recommend measuring waist circumference instead of waist-to-hip ratio to assess health risk.
Researchers found that the MIF gene is crucial for the development of type 1 diabetes. Specially bred mice without the gene failed to develop diabetes compared to those with it. The finding provides proof of concept for blocking the formation of this protein as a promising approach to fighting diabetes.
Researchers discovered that low-carbohydrate diets led to spontaneous reduction in daily energy consumption and improved glucose levels in obese diabetic patients. The study found no evidence of boredom or metabolic changes as explanations for weight loss.
Research at Joslin Diabetes Center reveals that prenatal undernutrition can lead to impaired insulin production and higher blood glucose levels, setting the stage for type 2 diabetes. The study found that low-birth-weight mice had abnormal insulin secretion patterns, leading to permanent impairment.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified the critical role of two insulin signaling proteins in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. By knocking out these proteins in liver cells, they found that diabetes results when both signals are simultaneously low, but not when either is individually depleted.
A recent study revealed that nearly one-third of diabetic men suffer from hypogonadism, a condition caused by improper functioning of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. The high prevalence of low testosterone levels in diabetic patients is concerning and associated with various health issues such as loss of muscle tone, increased abd...
A recent study by Charlotte Ling and colleagues found that aging decreases the expression of PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta in muscle, increasing insulin resistance and T2DM susceptibility. The age-dependent decrease was partially heritable, suggesting a genetic link to the development of insulin resistance.
A new study examined ACTOS and Avandia's lipid-altering effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest looking beyond glycemic effects to potential lipid benefits, which could inform treatment strategies.
Researchers found that pioglitazone significantly reduced carotid artery thickness in just 12-24 weeks, while improving insulin resistance. This regression was independent from metabolic control improvements and correlated with better cardiovascular outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes.
A study of 1,148 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes found that tight blood pressure control reduced the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and visual loss by 47% over seven years. The researchers discovered a lower risk of microaneurysms and blindness in the tight BP control group compared to those with less stringent policies.
A study found that people with type 2 diabetes are not being optimally managed for their cardiovascular risk. Fewer than 25% of patients were on medication needed to control high cholesterol and less than 50% received treatment for high blood pressure.