Articles tagged with Human Gut Microbiota
Researchers at University of Cologne decipher mechanism by which intestinal microbiota amplifies inflammatory reactions in lungs. Candida albicans stimulates Th17 cells, leading to cross-reactivity and immune system imbalance.
A review published in Advances in Nutrition suggests that noncaloric sweeteners have a negligible impact on daily energy intake and do not significantly alter the composition of human gut microbiota. The study concludes that there is not enough evidence to support adverse effects on health, including cancer or diabetes risk.
A large-scale analysis found that indirect breastfeeding via pumping is associated with a higher abundance of potential pathogens and lower oral bacteria compared to direct breastfeeding. This could increase the risk of respiratory infections in infants, particularly those fed pumped milk.
Acarbose, a type II diabetes drug, changes the gut microbiome in a reversible and diet-dependent way, according to new research. The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to how medications affect the gut microbiome, particularly for diabetes treatments.
A study has discovered and isolated more than 100 completely new species of bacteria from healthy people's intestines, creating the most comprehensive collection of human intestinal bacteria to date. This will help researchers worldwide to investigate how our microbiome keeps us healthy and its role in disease.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals that whipworms disrupt the balance between gut immune cells and microbiota, leading to uncontrolled inflammation and tissue damage. The researchers discovered that a specific receptor, IL-10R?, plays a critical role in regulating these interactions.
Researchers have identified a new group of massive viruses, known as megaphages, that target specific bacteria found in the guts of individuals eating non-Western, high-fiber diets. These phages, which are 10 times larger than average phages, can carry genes that exacerbate human illnesses and may move between humans and animals.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal found that maternal gut microbiota changes significantly during pregnancy and lactation. Coriobacteriaceae and Escherichia bacteria increase gradually over gestational time, while short-chain fatty acids production increases during lactation.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina found that antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiome leads to increased osteoclast activity, dysregulating post-pubertal skeletal development. The study also revealed changes in immune cell populations, including an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
After obesity surgery, new microbial strains emerged in the human fecal microbiota, changing the gut environment. The study used a novel informatics technique to identify these new strains, which were more competitive in the altered GI tract environment.
Research at Montana State University reveals that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in protecting against acute arsenic toxicity. The study found that certain microorganisms in the human gut can neutralize arsenic, reducing its toxic effects.
A new study reveals that the gut microbiome helps regulate the host's immune system by moderating vitamin A levels. The bacteria fine-tune the conversion of vitamin A to its active form, reducing an overactive immune response and promoting co-existence with the microbiome.
A new study found that a probiotic supplement reduced hospitalization time and in-patient treatment for patients with mania. The results suggest that modulating the intestinal microbiota could be a new treatment avenue for patients suffering from psychiatric mood disorders.
Researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine discovered that gut bacteria can enhance or inhibit the effectiveness of anti-diabetes drugs. The review of over 100 studies suggests that modulation of the gut microbiome may be a target to improve or reverse medication efficacy for type-2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered 12 bacteria types consistently varying in abundance by ethnicity, highlighting a baseline for understanding healthy microbiome differences among individuals. The findings hold promise for developing personalized approaches to prevent and treat chronic diseases disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities.
Researchers at Montana State University are studying Familial dysautonomia, a rare genetic neurological disease, to understand its connection with the human gut microbiome and metabolism. The study aims to develop new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Scientists have discovered that specific molecules produced by intestinal bacteria are altered during three instances associated with human obesity. The study also found that the gut microbiome undergoes fluctuations in a 24-hour rhythm and influences circadian biology, predisposing individuals to obesity and glucose intolerance.
Researchers found that live probiotics in SymproveTM successfully colonized the gut and modified immune response, leading to changes in gut flora and a positive anti-inflammatory effect. The addition of Symprove resulted in increased beneficial bacteria and reduced inflammatory markers.
A study by Stanford University researchers found that four Himalayan populations with different dietary histories have distinct gut microbiome compositions. The findings suggest that changes in human lifestyle can occur within a lifetime and may be driven by dietary factors.
A recent study found that hydrogen peroxide generated by lactation suppresses microbial diversity during infant gut microbiota development. Mouse pups fed with breast milk had lower levels of Lactobacillus compared to those without LAO1 gene deletion.
A recent study found that consuming whole cranberry powder reduced the negative effects of low-fiber, animal-based diets on the gut microbiota. The study showed that cranberry compounds helped maintain beneficial short-chain fatty acids and reduced potentially carcinogenic secondary bile acids.
Stephanie Ganal-Vonarburg's research shows that maternal microbiota influences child's immune system from birth through placenta and breast milk. The award supports her future work to investigate long-term effects of maternal microbiota on children's immunity.
Researchers found that immigrants quickly lose native microbes and acquire alien microbes more common in European-American people, resulting in a loss of gut microbiota diversity. This Westernization is associated with greater obesity and is compounded across generations.
Research suggests that human hosts are starving their microbial communities of nutrients, potentially undermining the benefits of the microbiome. This could lead to a shift in the balance of power between humans and microbes, with implications for our health and well-being.
A new study reveals that the unique compositions of bacteria in mice' guts are inherited from parents and remain stable over generations. The dominant mode of transmission is vertical inheritance, but some bacterial pathogens can be transmitted horizontally, possibly due to increased oxygen tolerance.
Researchers found a correlation between AMY1 gene copy numbers and faster starch digestion rates. Individuals with more copies of the gene displayed higher blood glucose responses to starchy foods.
A new study suggests that changing how microbes are classified can reveal clearer patterns of similarity between closely related mammals in terms of their gut microbiomes. The researchers propose an alternative approach to classification based on evolutionary history, which helps uncover meaningful units among microbes.
Researchers found that mice recovering from heart attacks are more likely to die if treated with antibiotics, which can eliminate both bad and good microbes. Restoring the gut microbiome through fecal transplants or probiotics boosted survival rates.
A study published in Cell Reports found that a Mediterranean diet increased mammary gland lactobacillus and reduced breast cancer risk. The researchers also plan to investigate oral interventions and bacterial-modified compounds to protect women from breast cancer.
Researchers discover mannose reduces body fat, improves fitness, and modifies the gut microbiome in mice with a high-fat diet. The study sheds light on the role of the microbiome in obesity and its potential for treating weight-related diseases.
Researchers created ClaaTU, a new algorithm that groups gut microbes based on their ancestry and distribution across mammals, identifying conserved clades potentially playing roles in evolution. Western lifestyles may be linked to reduced gut microbiome diversity.
A new study challenges the effectiveness of probiotics in boosting digestive health. Researchers found that many people's gut tracts prevent standard probiotics from successfully colonizing them. Additionally, taking probiotics after antibiotics may delay the return of normal gut bacteria and gene expression.
Researchers found that probiotics' effects on humans and microbiomes vary greatly from person to person. Personalized treatment was shown to have significant benefits in addressing adverse side effects of antibiotics. The study's results suggest a tailored approach to probiotic use, potentially leading to improved health outcomes.
Researchers at Université Laval found that camu camu phytochemicals prevent obesity in mice fed a diet rich in sugar and fat. The extract improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and reduced inflammation, suggesting its potential as a natural weight management tool.
Researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine developed a probiotic cocktail from infant feces that modulated the gut microbiome and enhanced SCFA production in mice and human feces. This finding suggests these human-origin probiotics could be used to treat diseases associated with gut microbiome imbalance.
A study found that eating white button mushrooms can alter the gut microbiome, producing short-chain fatty acids that regulate glucose production in the liver. This research holds promise for developing new diabetes treatments and prevention strategies.
Jorge Henao-Mejia will receive $500,000 to study the role of gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes. His research could lead to new treatments for these serious medical conditions.
A human trial and laboratory study found that Montmorency tart cherries helped to positively impact the gut microbiome, primarily measured by an increase in good bacteria. The results suggest that individuals consuming a more plant-based diet may have a mix of gut bacteria that responds more positively to tart cherry consumption.
Researchers found that leaf-eating primates share few gut microbial characteristics, while closely related species have similar microbes regardless of diet. This suggests that host evolutionary relationships play a more significant role in shaping the gut microbiome than diet.
A study involving wild and captive baboons found evidence of antibiotic resistance in their gut microbiomes, even without human-produced antibiotic exposure. The researchers used functional metagenomics to identify resistance genes, revealing a surprising enrichment of Actinobacteria in wild baboon populations.
A recent study found that supplementing breastfed infants with Bifidobacterium infantis bacteria significantly improves gut microbiome health and prevents immune-related diseases like asthma and allergy. The beneficial effects of the supplement lasted for up to a year in primarily breastfed babies.
A recent study has revealed significant microbiome differences between infants born in rural and urban areas of Nigeria, which begin as early as infancy. The researchers found that rural infants had more diverse microbiomes and higher levels of beneficial bacterial species than their urban counterparts.
A recent study by a multi-institutional team identifies new linkages between quorum sensing activity and sugar metabolism in the gut, using AI-2 as an autoinducer secreted by various species of bacteria.
The American Gut Project has collected microbial data from over 11,000 people, revealing associations between diet, antibiotics use, and mental health on the human gut microbiome. The study found that participants who ate more plants had fewer antibiotic resistance genes in their gut microbiomes.
A new study from Caltech sheds light on how a specific species of beneficial bacteria harnesses the body's immune response to settle in the gut. The researchers found that the bacteria are encased in a thick capsule made of carbohydrates, which is necessary for colonization and helps anchor them to epithelial cells.
Scientists have found a way to target specific gut bacteria using chemical compounds, potentially regulating diseases such as type I diabetes. The research suggests that this approach could lead to the development of drugs that permanently alter the composition of the microbiome.
A study by Newcastle University found that vaping has the same beneficial gut bacteria as non-smokers, whereas smoking is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer and colitis. The research also discovered a decrease in beneficial Bacteroides bacteria in smokers.
Researchers found that dogs have a more similar gene content to humans than previously thought, with changes in diet affecting both species' gut microbiota. The study suggests dogs could be used as models for human nutrition studies, providing insights into the impact of diet on obesity and overall health.
A study by EMBL researchers found that over a quarter of non-antibiotic drugs inhibit the growth of at least one species in the human gut microbiome. This can lead to unintended side effects and potentially contribute to antibiotic resistance. The research team screened 1000 marketed drugs against 40 representative bacteria, revealing ...
A study found that laboratory mice exposed to the outdoors developed a greater number and size of parasitic whipworms than those in the lab. The longer they lived outside, the more susceptible they became to infection. The researchers suggest that the environment's microbiota may contribute to this increased susceptibility.
Researchers found that women with PCOS have less diverse gut bacteria compared to those without the condition. Elevated testosterone levels in PCOS may contribute to these changes, suggesting a potential link between the microbiome and the development of PCOS.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that plants with diverse root microbiomes are more resilient to drought, while those with similar microbial communities struggle. The research also found that recruiting specific bacteria can improve drought resistance.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that women with PCOS have less diverse gut bacteria, which may influence the development of the condition and its impact on quality of life. Elevated testosterone levels in women with PCOS were linked to these changes.
A UMass Amherst study found that a commonly used food preservative, epsilon-polylysine, temporarily altered the diversity of microbes in mouse gut but caused no lasting damage. The researchers observed that the gut microbiome returned to normal within 15 weeks
A landmark clinical trial demonstrated that providing dietary B. infantis EVC001 resulted in rapid and substantial remodeling of the infant gut microbiome, reducing potentially harmful bacteria and improving gut health. The study also showed that breastfed infants colonized by B. infantis had significantly lower levels of endotoxin.
A recent study on lemurs found that a similar diet leads to identical gut microbiomes, highlighting the importance of diet in shaping microbial ecosystems. The researchers also discovered common metabolic pathways between lemurs and humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), raising questions about their role in human health.
Research found that red-bellied lemurs with strong social bonds have similar gut microbiomes, which may contribute to their immunity. The study suggests that sharing a similar microbiome within a social group can have a positive health impact and potentially prevent infections.
Two studies in mice and human subjects reveal exercise can alter gut microbiota, promoting healthy intestinal cells and reducing inflammation. Exercise-induced changes persisted even after returning to a sedentary lifestyle, with lean participants showing more significant improvements.
Researchers at Penn Medicine found that wiping out bad bacteria and re-introducing 'good' bacteria can reconfigure the gut microbiota, potentially treating Crohn's disease. The study used human and mouse studies to show that a single enzyme can regulate bacterial nitrogen metabolism and lead to dysbiosis.
Patients with higher diversity of bacteria in their digestive tract had longer median progression-free survival. A favorable microbiome also was associated with increased antigen processing and presentation by the immune system at the tumor site.